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1 


A     SHORT 

ACCOUNT 

O    V      THE 

MALIGNANT     FEVER, 

LATELY  PREVALENT  IN 

PHILADELPHIA: 

WITH  A   STATEMENT    OF  THE 

PROCEEDINGS 

THAT    TOOK    PLACE    ON  THE    SUBJECT,  IN  DIFFERENT 
PARTS    OF    THE 

UNITED     STATES. 

TO    WHICH    ARE    ADDED, 

ACCOUNTS 

OF    THK 

Plague  in  London  and  Marfeilles  > 

AND   A   LIST   OF  THE  DEAD, 
from  Auguft  I,  to  the  middle  of  December,   1793' 

B  Y     M  A  T  H  E  W     CARE  Y. 
FOURTH    EDITION,    IMPROVED, 


rum, <f*m  hyiimi  — b— 


PHILADELPHIA: 

PRINTED    BY    THE    AUTHOR. 

Jaauary  i6a  1794. 


To  the  American  Philojophical  Society. 


GENTLEMEN, 


WITH  due  deference,  I  prefume 
to  dedicate  to  you  the  fol- 
lowing pages,  in  which  I  have 
endeavoured  to  give  as  faithful  an 
account  as  poffible,  of  the  dreadful 
calamity  we  have   juft   experienced. 

I  am,  gentlemen, 

With  efteem, 

Your  obedt.  humble  fervant, 

MATHEW  CAREY. 


Number    XL VII. 
Diftricl  of  Pennfylvania,  to'  wit— - 

(L.  S.)"|3E  it  remembered,  that  on  the  thirieeniu 
X_)  day  of  November,  in  the  eighteenth  year 
of  the  independence  of  the  united  ftates  of  America, 
Mathew  Carey,  of  the  faid  dijiricl,  hath  depofiiedin 
this  office,  the  title  of  a  book,  the  right  whereof  he 
claims  as  author,  in  the  -words  following,  to  wit : 

"  A  fhort  account-  of  the  malignant  fever  lately 
"  prevalent  in  Philadelphia,  with  a  flatement  of  the 
"  proceedings  float  took  place  on  the  fubjeel  indifferent 
"  parts  of  the  united  flaics.  By  Mat  hew  Carey  " 
In  conformity  to  the  acl  of  the  congrefs  of  the  unit- 
ed fiates,  intituled,  •'  An  acl  for  the  encouragement  of 
'*  learning ;  by  fecuring  the  copies  of  maps,  charts, 
Ci  and  books,  to  the  authors  and  proprietors  of  fuch 
*fi  copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned:'' 

SAMUEL    CALDWELL,  Clerk  f 
the  dijiricl  of  Pcnnfylvama. 


§     R     E    V    A    C    E 


TO    THE 


FIRST     EDITION. 


idelphici)  Nov.  13,  179 


O" 


*"  I  ""HE  favourable  reception  gtresn  to  the  imperfect 

Jl  account  of  the  fever  which  I  lately  publifhed, 
and  the  particular  defire  of  feme  of  my  friends, 
have  induced  me  to  undertake  a  more  fatisfactory 
hiltory  of  it,  in  order  to  collect  together,  while 
facts  are  recent,  as  many  of  the  moft  interefting  oc- 
currences as  I  could,  for  the  information  of  the 
public. 

I  have  not  attempted  any  embellimment  or  orna- 
ment of  ftile  ;  but  have  merely  aimed  at  telling 
plain  facts  in  plain  language.  I  have  taken  every' 
precaution  to  arrive  at  the  truth  ;  aud  hope  the  cr- 
j'ors  in  the  account,  will  not  be  found  numerous. 

For  tht  deiultory  plan  of  fome  part  of  the  pam- 
phlet, I  have  to  offer  the  following  apology  j  many 
of  the  circumftances  and  reflections  towards  the  con- 
clufion.,  which  would  have  come  with  more  propriety 
in  the  beginning,  did  not  occur,  until  fpme  of  the 
iirft  half-meets  were  not  only  written,  but  printed. 
I  had  no  choice,  therefore,  but  either  to  omit  them, 
or  place  them  fomewhat  out  of  order.  I  preferred 
the  latter. 

Moft  of  the  facts  mentioned  have  fallen  under  my 
own  obfervation.  Thofe  of  a  different  defcription,  I 
have  been  affiduous  to  collect  from  every  perfon  of 
credibility,  poffeffed  of  information. 

Defirous  of  having  this  account  correct  and  com- 

plete,  I  have  printed  off  but  a  fmall  number  or  copies 

of  the  prefent  edition  :    and  mail  efteem  'myfelf  moft 

icularly  obliged  to   any  perfon  who  will  be  fo 


(     vi     ) 

kind  to  point  out  errors,  to  be  corrected  in,  or  fug- 
geft  facts,  to  be  added  to,  a  new  edition,  which  I  pro- 
pose to  put  to  prefs  very  foon,  and  which  will,  I  hope, 
be  found  more  ample  than  the  prefent  one. 


PREFACE  to   the  SECOND  EDITION. 


November  23,   1793. 

WHEN  I  publifhed  the  firft  edition  of  this  pam- 
phlet, it  was  my  intention  to  have  greatly 
enlarged  it  for  a  fecond  one,  and  to  have  new-model- 
led it,  fo  as  to  preferve  a  connexion  between  its  feve- 
ral  parts,  in  which  it  is  extremely  deficient.  But  its 
fpeedy  fale,  and  the  demand  for  more  copies,  render  it 
impofiible  for  me  to  do  more,  at  prefent,  than  make 
fuch  corrections  as  the  kindnefs  of  a  few  friends  has 
led  them  to  point  out. 

In  giving  an  account  of  the  proceedings  that  took 
place  on  the  fubjech  of  the  diforder,  throughout  the 
union,  I  have  fuppreffed  many  a  harm  comment,  which 
was  forcing  itfelf  on  me  ;  from  the  reflexion,  that  in 
limilar  circumftances,  we  might  perhaps  have  been 
equally  fevere.  And  to  perpetuate  animofities,  is  per- 
forming a  very  unfriendly  office.  They  are  eafily  ge- 
nerated ;  but  their  extinction  is  a  work  of  time  and 
difficulty.  Let  us,  therefore,  (efpecially  when  we 
"  hold  the  mirror  up  to  nature"  at  home,)  not  only 
forgive,  but  even  forget,  if  poflible,  all  the  unpleafant 
treatment  our  citizens  have  experinced. 

I  have  heard  more  than  one  perfon  object  to  the  ac- 
count of  the  mocking  circumftances  that  occurred  in 
Philadelphia,  as  pcurtraying  the  manners  of  the  peo- 
ple in  an  unfavourable  light.  If  that  be  the  cafe,  the 
fault  is  not  mine.  I  am  confcious  I  have  not  exaggera- 
ted the  matter.  But  I  do  not  conceive  it  can  have  that 
effect  ;  for  it  would  be  as  unjuft  and  injudicious  to 
draw  the  character  of  Philadelphiafromthe  proceedings 
of  a  period  o*  horror  and  affright,  when  all  the  "  mild 
charities  of  focial  life"  were  fuppreffed  by  regard  ^'or 


(    vn   ) 

fclf,  as  to  ftamp  eternal  infamyon  a  nation,  for  the 
atrocities  perpetrated  in  times  of  civil  broils,  when 
all  the  "  angry  pamons"  are  roufed  into  dreadful 
and  ferocious  activity. 


PREFACE  to  the  THIRD  EDITION. 


November  30,   1793. 

THIS  pamphlet  comes  before  the  public  a  third 
time,  and,  in  fome  meafure,  in  a  new  form.  I 
have  reduced  it  to  as  methodical  a  ftate,  as  in  my 
power,  but  not  as  much  fo  as  I  could  wifii,  nor,  I  fear,  a? 
the  reader  may  expect.  To  one  merit  only  do  I  lay  claim 
in  the  compilation  ;  that  is,  of  having  meant  well.  If, 
on  a  fair  perufal,  the  candid  allow  me  that,  I  am  fatis- 
fied  to  have  the  execution  cenfured  with  all  the  feve- 
rity  of  which  criticifm  is  capable.  However,  I  beg  leave 
to  inform  the  reader,  that  this  day  ends  one  month, 
fince  the  writing  of  the  pamphlet  commenced.  I  know 
that  the  fhortnefs  of  the  time  employed,  is  no  juftifi- 
cation  of  a  bad  performance  ;  but  it  may  fomewhat 
extenuate  the  defects  of  a  middling  one. 

I  have  found  feveral  objections  made  to  parts  of  it. 
Moft  of  them  I  have  removed.  Some  few,  refting  on 
the  fentiments  of  individuals,  directly  contrary  to 
my  own  judgment,  I  have  paffed  over.  For,  until  my 
reafon  is  convinced,  I  cannot  change  my  opinion  for 
that  of  any  perfon  whatever. 

To  thofe  gentlemen  who  have  been  fo  kind  to  fur- 
nilh  me  with  facts  to  enlarge  and  improve  the  work, 
I  profefs  myfelf  under  great  obligations.  I  requeft  them 
to  continue  their  kindnefs  ;  as,  if  public  favour  mould 
give  this  trifle  a  fourth  edition,  I  mall  add  all  that 
may  be  communicated  in  the  interim ;  otherwife  I 
fiiall  probably  publiih  feparately  what  may  be  worthy 
of  the  public  eye. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FOURTH  EDITION. 


...  Jan.   1 6,  1794. 

TH  E  uncommon  degree  of  favour  which  this 
pamphlet  has  experienced,  has  impreffed  me 
with  lively  fentiments  of  gratitude.  As  the  only  pro- 
per return  in  my  power,  I  have,  in  each  fucceffive 
edition,  ufed  every  endeavour  to  improve  it. 

In  the  number  of  victims  to  the  late  calamity,  there 
were  many  Grangers, — among  whom  were  probably 
fome,  by  whole  death,  eftates  have  fallen  to  heirs  at  a 
diftance.  It  being,  therefore,  of  great  importance  to  ex- 
tend and  improve  the  lift  of  the  dead,  and  to  remedy  the 
extreme  inaccuracy  of  the  fextons'  returns,  I  employed 
fuitable  perfons  to  go  thro'  the  city  and  liberties,  and 
make  enquiry  at  every  houfe,  without  exception,  for 
the  names  and  occupations  of  the  dead.  The  difoblig- 
ing  temper  of  fome,  and  the  fears  of  others,  that  an 
improper  ufe  woi>M  be  made  of  the  information  they 
could  have  given,  have,  in  various  rnftances,  defeated 
my  purpofe.  Imperfect  as  the  lift  ftill  remains,  I  hope 
it  will  be  found  ufeful  in  removing  anxious  doubts, 
and  conveying  to  perfons  in  different  countries,  the 
melancholy  information  of  the  deceafe  of  relatives, 
Which,  but  for  fuch  a  channel  of  communication, 
would,  in  many  ari'es,  be  difficult,  if  not  impoflible  to 
acquire  for  years  to  come. 

To  the  prefent  edition,  I  have  added  a  fhort  ac- 
count of  the  plague  at  London,  and  at  Marieilles. 
On  a  comparifon,  the  reader  will  be  ftruck  with 
aftonifhment,  at  the  extraordinary  fimiiarity  be- 
tween  many  of  the  leading  and  moil  important  cir- 

nitances   that   occurred    in    thofe  two  places,  and 
the  events  of  September  and  October,  1793,  in  I 
tadelphia. 


A    SHORT    ACCOUNT,k, 


Chap*  L  State  of  Philadelphia  previous  to  the  appearance  of 
the  malignant  fever — with  a  few  obfervations  onfom4 
of  the  probable  conferences  of  that  calamity* 

BEFORE  I  enter  on  the  confideration  of  this  dif- 
order,  it  may  not  be  improper  to  offer  a  few  in- 
troductory remarks  on  the  fituation  of  Philadelphia 
previous  to  its  commencement,  which  will  reflect 
light  on  fome  of  the  circumftances  mentioned  in  the 
courfe  of  the  narrative. 

The  manufactures,  trade,  and  commerce  of  this 
city  had,  for  a  considerable  time,  been  improving 
and  extending  with  great  rapidity.  From  the  period 
o£  the  adoption  of  the  federal  government,  at  which 
time  America  was  at  the  loweft  ebb  of  diftrefs,  her 
fituation  had  progreflively  become  more  and  more 
profperous.  Confidence,  formerly  banilhed,  was  uni- 
verfally  reftored.  Property  of  every  kind,  rofe  to, 
and  in  fome  inftances  beyond  its  real  value :  and  a  few 
revolving  years  exhibited  the  interefting  fpectacle  of 
a  young  country,  with  a  new  form  of  government, 
emerging  from  a  ftate  which  approached  very  near  to 
anarchy,  and  acquiring  all  the  ftability  and  nerve  of 
the  beft-toned  and  oldeit  nations. 

In  this  profperity,  which  revived  the  almoft-extin- 
guiflied  hopes  of  four  millions  of  people,  Philadelphia 
participated  in  an  eminent  degree.  Numbers  of  new 
houfes,  in  almoft  every  ftreet,  built  in  a  very  neat, 
elegant  ftile,  adorned,  at  the  fame  time  that  they 
greatly  enlarged,  the  city.  Its  population  was  extend* 
ing  fait.  Houfe  rent  had  rifen  to  an  extravagant 
height :  it  was  in  many  cafes  double,  and  in  fome 

B 


(      io     > 

- 

treble  what  it  had  been  a  year  or  two  before  ;  and, 
as  is  generally  the  cafe,  when  a  city  is  advancing  in 
profperity,  it  far  exceeded  the  real  increafe  of  trade. 
The  number  of  applicants  for  houfes,  exceeding  the 
number  of  houfes  to  be  let,  one  bid  over  another; 
and  affairs  were  in  fuch  a  iituation,  that  many  people, 
though  they  had  a  tolerable  run  of  bufinefs,  could 
hardly  do  more  than  clear  their  rents,  and  were, 
literally,  toiling  for  their  landlords  alone*.  Luxury, 
the  ufual,  and  perhaps  inevitable  concomitant  of  prof- 
perity, was  gaining  ground  in  a  manner  very  alarm- 
ing to  thofe  who  conlidered  how  far  the  virtue,  the 
liberty,  and  the  happinefs  of  a  nation  depend  on  its 
temperance  and  fober  manners. — Many  of  our  citi- 
zens had  been,  for  fome  time,  in  the  imprudent  habit 
of  regulating  their  expenfes  by  profpects  formed 
in  fanguinc  hours,  when  every  probability  was  caught 
at  as  a  certainty,  not  by  their  actual  profits,  or  in- 
come. The  number  of  coaches,  coachees,  chairs,  &c. 
lately  fet  up  by  men  in  the  middle  rank  of  life,  is 
hardly  credible.  Not  to  enter  into  a  minute  detail, 
let  it  fuffice  to  remark,  that  extravagance,  in  various 
forms,  was  gradually  eradicating  the  plain  and  whole- 
fome  habits  of  the  city.  And  although  it  were  pre- 
fumption  to  attempt  to  fcan  the  decrees  of  heaven, 
yet  few,  I  believe,  will  pretend  to  deny,  that  fome- 
thing  was  wanting  to  humble  the  pride  of  a  city, 
which  was  running  on  in  full  career,  to  the  goal  of 
prodigality  and  diihpation. 

However,  from  November  1792,  to  the  end  of  lafl 
June,  the  difficulties  of  Philadelphia  were  extreme. 
The  eftablifhment  of  the  bank  of  Pennfylvania,  in 
embryo  for  the  moll  part  of  that  time,  had  arretted  in 
the  two  other  banks  fuch  a  quantity  of  the  circulat- 
ing fpecie,  as  embarraffed  almoft  every  kind  of  bufi- 
nefs ;  to  this  was  added  the  diftrefs  arifing  from 
the  very  numerous  failures  in   England,  which    had 

*  The  diftrefs  arifing  from  this  foirrce,  was  perhaps  the  only- 
exception  to  the  general  obfervation  of  the  fiouriftiing  fitua- 
tion  of  Philadelphia. 


(   n    ) 

extremely  harrafled  feveral  of  our  capital  merchants. 
During  this  period,  many  men  experienced  as  great 
difficulties  as  were  ever  known  in  this  city*.  But 
the  commencement,  in  July,  of  the  operations  of  the 
bank  of  Pennfylvania,  conducted  on  the  molt  ger  °rous 
and  enlarged  principles,  placed  bufinefs  on  its  for- 
mer favourable  footing.  Every  man  looked  forwaid 
to  this  fall  as  likely  to  produce  a  vaft  extenfion  of 
trade.  But  how  fleeting  are  all  human  views !  how 
uncertain  all  plans  founded  on  earthly  appearances ! 
All  thefe  flattering  profpects  vanifhed  "  like  the  baic- 
lefs  fabric  of  a  viiion." 

In  July,  arrived  the  unfortunate  fugitives  from 
Cape  Francois.  And  on  this  occafion,  the  liberality 
of  Philadelphia  was  difplayed  in  a  moft  refpeclable 
point  of  light.  Nearly  12,000  dollars  were  in  a  few 
days  collected  for  their  relief.  Little,  alas  !  did  many 
of  the  contributors,  then  in  eafy  circumftances,  ima- 
gine, that  a  few  weeks  would  leave  their  wives  and 
children  dependent  on  public  charity,  as  has  fince 
unfortunately  happened.  An  awful  inftance  of  the 
rapid  and  warning  viciflitudes  of  affairs  on  this  tran- 
iitory  ftage. 

About  this  time,  this  deftroying  fcourge,  the  ma- 
lignant fever,  crept  in  among  us,  and  nipped  in  the 
bud  the  faireft  bloflbms  that  imagination  could  form.. 
And  oh !  what  a  dreadful  contraft  has  fince  taken 
place !  Many  women,  then  in  the  lap  of  eafe  and  con- 
tentment, are  bereft  of  beloved  hufbands,  and  left 
with  numerous  families  of  children  to  maintain,  un- 
qualified for  the  arduous  tafk — many  orphans  are 
deftitute  of  parents  to  fofter  and  protect  them — many 
entire  families  are  fwept  away,  without  leaving  "  a 
trace  behind" — many  of  our  firft  commercial  houfes 
are  totally  diffolved,  by  the  death  of  the  parties,  and 

*  It  is  with  great  pleafure,  I  embrace  this  opportunity  of  de- 
claring, that  tbe  very  liberal  conduct  of  the  bank  of  rbe  united 
ftates,  at  this  trying  feafon,  was  the  means  of  favjitg  many  a 
deferving  and  induftrious  man  from  ruin.  No  hmilar  inftitution 
was  ever  conducted  on  a  more  favourable,  and  at  the  fame  time 
prudent  plan,  than  this  bank  adopted  at  the  time  here  mentioned,. 


(  «  ) 

their  affairs  are  neceffarily  left  in  fo  deranged  a  ftate, 
that  the  loffes  and  diftreffes  which  muft  take  place, 
are  beyond  eftimation.  The  protefts  of  notes  for  a 
few  weeks  paft,  have  exceeded  all  former  examples ; 
for  a  great  proportion  of  the  merchants  and  traders 
having  left  the  city,  and  been  totally  unable,  from  the 
ftagnation  of  bufinefs,  and  diverfion  of  all  their  ex- 
pected refources,  to  make  any  provifion  for  payment, 
mod  of  their  notes  have  been  protefted,  as  they  be- 
came due*. 

For  thefe  prefatory  obfervations  I  hope  I  (hall  be 
pardoned.  I  now  proceed  to  the  melancholy  fubject.  I 
have  undertaken.  May  I  be  enabled  to  do  it  juftice ; 
and  lay  before  the  reader  a  complete  and  correct  ac- 
count of  the  moft  awful  vifitation  that  ever  occurred 
in  America.  At  firft  view,  it  would  appear  that  Phi- 
ladelphia alone  felt  the  fcourge  ;  but  its  effects  have 
fpread  in  almoft  every  direction  through  a  great  por- 
tion of  the  union.  Many  parts  of  Jerfey,  Delaware, 
Maryland,  Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina,  and 
Georgia,  excluiive  of  the  back  fettlements  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  drew  their  fupplies,  if  not  wholly,  at  lead 
principally,  from  Philadelphia,  which  was  of  couric 
the  mart  whither  they  fent  their  produce.  Cut  off  from 
this  quarter,  their  merchants  have  had  to  feek  out 
other  markets,  which  being  unprepared  for  fuch  an 
increafed  demand,  their  fupplies  have  been  imperfect ; 
and,  owing  to  the  brifknefs  of  the  fales,  the  prices 
have  been,  naturally  enough,  very  confiderably  en- 
hanced. Befides,  they  went  to  places  in  which  their 
credit  was  not  eftablifhed — and  had  in  moft  cafes  to 
advance  cafh.  And  many  country  dealers  have  had  no 
opportunity  of  fending  their  produce  to  market,  which 
has  consequently  remained  unfold.  Bufinefs,  therefore, 
has  languifhed  in  many  parts  of  the  union  ;  and  it  is 

*  The  bank  of  the  united  dates,  on  the  I  jth  of  October, 
pafled  a  refolve,  empowering  the  cafhier  to  renew  all  difcountofl 
notes,  when  the  fame  drawers  and  indorfers  were  offered,  and 
declaring  that  no  notes  fhould  be  protefted,  when  the  indorfers 
bound  themfelves  in  writing,  to  be  accountable  in  the  fame  man- 
ner as  in  cafes  of  proteft. 


C    «3    ) 

probable,  that,  confidering  the  matter  merely  In  * 
commercial  point  of  light,  the  fhock  caufed  by  thfc 
fever,  has  been  felt  to  the  fouthern  extremity  of 
the  united  dates. 

CHAP.  II. — Symptoms — a  flight  Jkcich  of  the  mode  of 
treatment. 

f*  HPHE  fymptom«  which  characterifed  the  flrft 
X  ftage  of  the  fever,  were,  in  the  greateft  nura* 
ber  of  cafes,  after  a  chilly  fit  of  fome  duration,  a 
quick,  tenfe  pulfe — hot  Ikin — pain  in  the  head,  back, 
and  limbs — flufhed  countenance — inflamed  eye— 
moift  tongue — opprefiion  and  fenfe  of  forenefs  at  the 
ftomach,  efpecially  upon  preffure — frequent  fick 
qualms,  and  retchings  to  vomit,  without  difcharging 
any  thing,  except  the  contents  laft  taken  into  the  fto- 
mach—coftivenefs,  &c.  And  when  (tools  were  procur- 
ed, the  firft  generally  mowed  a  defect  of  bile,  or  an 
©bftruction  to  its  entrance  into  the  inteftines.  But  brifk 
purges  generally  altered  this  appearance. 

"  Thefe  fymptoms  generally  continued  with  more 
or  lefs  violence  from  one  to  three,  four,  or  even  five 
days ;  and  then  gradually  abating,  left  the  patient  free 
from  every  complaint,  except  general  debility.  On 
the  febrile  fymptoms  fuddenly  fubfiding,  they  were 
immediately  fuccecded  by  a  yellow  tinge  in  the  opaque 
cornea,  or  whites  of  the  eyes — an  increafed  opprefiioii 
at  the  pnecordia — a  eonftant  puking  of  every  thing 
taken  into  the  ftomach,  with  much  ftraining,  accom- 
panied  with  a  hoarfe  hollow  noiie. 

"  If  thefe  fymptoms  were  not  foon  relieved,  a  vo- 
miting of  matter,  refembling  coffee  grounds  in  colour 
and  confiftence,  commonly  called  the  black  vomit, 
fometimes  accompanied  with,  or  fucceeded  by  hae» 
morrhages  from  the  nofe,  fauces,  gums,  and  other 
parts  of  the  body — a  yellowifh  purple  colour,  andpu- 
trefcent  appearance  of  the  whole  body,  hiccup,  agita- 
tions, deep  and  diftreffed  fighing,  comatofe  delirium, 
and  finally  death.  When  the  diieafe  proved  fatal,  it 
was  generally  between  the  fifth  and  eighth  days. 


(     H     ) 

4e  This  was  the  moft  ufual  progress  of  this  'formi- 
dable difeafe,  through  its  feveral  ftages.  There  were, 
however,  very  conhderable  variations  in  the  fymp- 
toms, as  well  as  in  the  duration  of  its  different  ftages, 
according  to  the  conftitution  and  temperament  of 
the  patient,  the  flate  uf  the  weather,  the  manner  of 
treatment,  &c. 

*•  In  ibme  cafes,  figns  of  putrefcency  appeared  at  the 
beginning,  or  before  the  end  of  the  third  day.  In 
thefe,  the  black  vomiting,  which  was  generally  a 
mortal  fymptom,  and  universal  yellownefs,  appeared 
early.  In  thefe  cafes,  alfo,  a  low  delirium,  and  great 
proftration  of  ftrength,  were  conftant  fymptoms,  and 
coma  came  on  very  fpeedily. 

"  In  fome,  the  fymptoms  inclined  more  to  the  ner- 
vous than  the  inflammatory  type.  In  thefe,  the  jaun- 
dice colour  of  the  eye  andfkin,and  the  black  vomit- 
ing, were  more  rare.  But  in  the  majority  of  cafes, 
particularly  after  the  nights  became  fenfibly  cooler,  all 
the  fymptoms  indicated  violent  irritation  and  inflam- 
matory diathefis.  In  thefe  cafes  the  fkin  was  always 
dry,  and  the  remifiions  very  obfeure. 

"  The  febrile  fymptoms,  however,  as  has  been  al- 
ready obferved,  either  gave  way  on  the  third,  fourth, 
ar  fifth  day,  and  then  the  patient  recovered ;  or 
they  were  foon  after  fucceeded  by  a  different,  but 
much  more  dangerous  train  of  fymptoms,  by  debility, 
Jow  pulfe,  cold  fkin,  (which  affumed  a  tawny  colour, 
mixed  with  purple)  black  vomiting,  haemorrhages, 
hiccup,  anxiety,  reftleflnefs,  coma,  &c.  Many,  who 
furvived  the  eighth  day,  though  apparently  out  of 
danger,  died  fuddenly  in  confequence  of  an  hemor- 
rhage*." 

This  diforder  having  been  new  to  nearly  all  our 
phyficians,  it  is  not  furprifing,  although  it  has  been 
exceedingly  fatal,  that  there  arofe  fuch  a  difcordance 
of  fentiment  on  the  proper  mode  of  treatment,  and 
even  with  refped  to  its  name.  Dr.  Rufh  has  acknow- 

*  For  this  account  of  the  fymptoms  of  the  diforder  I  am 
indebted  to  the  kindnefs  of  dr.  Currie,  front  Whole  letter  to 
dr.  Semer,  it  is  extracted. 


(     'S     ) 

lcd^ed,  with  a  candour  that  does  him  honour,  that 
in  the  commencement,  he  fo  far  miftook  the  nature  of 
the  diforder,  that,  in  his  early  effays,  having  depend- 
ed on  gentle  purges  of  falts  to  purify  the  bowels  of 
his  patients,  they  all  died.  He  then  tried  the  mode  of 
treatment  adopted  in  the  Weft  Indies,  viz.  bark, 
wine,  laudanum,  and  the  cold  bath,  and  failed  in  three 
cafes  out  of  four.  Afterwards  he  had  recourfe  to  ftrong 
purges  of  calomel  and  jalap,  and  to  bleeding,  which 
he  found  attended  with  lingular  fuccefs. 

The  honour  of  the  firft  efiay  of  mercury  in  this  dif- 
order; is  by  many  afcribed  to  dr.  Hodge  and  dr.  Cur- 
fon,  who  are  laid  to  have  employed  it  a  week  before 
dr.  Rum.  On  this  point  I  cannot  pretend  to  decide. 
But  whoever  was  the  firft  to  introduce  it,  one  thing  is 
certain,  that  its  efficacy  was  great,  and  refcued  many 
from  death.  I  have  known,  however,  fome  perfons, 
who,  I  have  every  reafon  to  believe,  fell  facriiices 
to  the  great  reputation  this  medicine  acquired ;  for 
rn  fever al  cafes  it  was  administered  to  perfons  of  a 
previous  lax  habit,  and  brought  on  a  fpeedy  diflb- 
hition. 

I  am  credibly  informed  that  the  demand  for  purges 
of  calomel  and  jalap,  was  fo  great,  that  fome  of  the  a~ 
pothecaries  could  not  mix  up  every  dole  in  detail  ;• 
but  mixed  a  large  quantity  of  each,  in  the  ordered 
proportions ;  and  afterwards  divided  it  into  dofes  ;' 
by  which  means,  it  often  happened  that  one  patient 
had  a  much  larger  portion  of  calomel,  and  another  of 
jalap,  than  was  intended  by  the  doctors.  The  fatal 
confequences  of  this  may  be  eaiily  conceived. 

An  intelligent  citizen,  who  has  highly  diftinguifhed 
himfelf  by  his  attention  to  the  fick,  fays,  that  he  found 
the  diforder  generally  come  on  with  coftiveneis ;  and 
unlefs  that  was  removed  within  the  firft  twelve  hours, 
he  hardly-  knew  any  perfon  to  recover ;  on  the  con- 
trary, he  fays,  as  few  died,  on  whom  the  cathartics- 
operated  within  that  time. 

The  efficacy  of  bleeding,  in  all  cafes  not  attended- 
with  putridity,  was  great.  The  quantity  of  blood'- 
taken  was  in  many  cafes  aftonifliing.  Dr.  Griflits  watf 


(  »«  ) 

bled  feven  times  in  five  days,  and  appears  to  afcribe 
his  recovery  principally  to  that  operation.  Dr.  Meafe, 
in  five  days,  loft  feventy-two  ounces  of  blood,  by 
which  he  was  recovered  when  at  the  lowed  ftage  of 
the  diforder.  Many  others  were  bled  ftill  more,  and 
are  now  as  well  as  ever  they  were. 

Dr.  Rufli  and  dr.  Wiftar  have  fpoken  very  favour- 
ably of  the  falutary  effects  of  cold  air,  and  cool  drinks, 
in  this  diforder.  The  latter  fays,  that  he  found  more 
benefit  from  cold  air,  than  from  any  other  remedy. 
He  lay  delirious,  and  in  fevere  pain,  between  a  win- 
dow and  door,  the  former  of  which  was  open.  The 
wind  fuddenly  changed,  and  blew  full  upon  him,  cold 
and  raw.  Its  effects  were  fo  grateful,  that  he  foon  reco- 
vered from  his  delirium — his  pain  left  him— in  an 
hour  he  became  perfectly  reafonable — and  his  fever 
abated. 

A  refpectablc  citizen  who  had  the  fever  himfelf,  and 
likewife  watched  its  effects  on  eleven  of  his  family, 
who  recovered  from  it,  has  informed  me,  that  a  re- 
moval of  the  lick  from  a  clofe,  warm  room  to  one  a 
iew  degrees  cooler,  which  practice  he  employed  feve- 
ral  times  daily,  produced  a  moft  extraordinary  and 
favourable  change  in  their  appearance,  in  their  pulfe, 
and  in  their  lpirits. 

CHAP.  III. — Firji  alarm  in  Philadelphia.  Flight  of  the 
citizens.  Guardians  of  the  poor  borne  down  with  labour* 

IT  was  fome  time  before  the  diforder  attracted  public 
notice.  It  had  in  the  mean  while  fwept  off  many 
pcrfons.  The  firft  death  that  was  a  fubjeel:  of  general 
converfation,  was  that  of  Peter  Afton,  on  the  1 9th  of 
Auguft,  after  a  few  days  illnefs.  Mrs.  Lemaigre's,  on 
the  day  following,  and  Thomas  Miller's,  on  the  25th, 
with  thofe  of  fome  others,  after  a  fhort  ficknefs, 
Spread  an  univerfal  terror. 

The  removals  from  Philadelphia  began  about  the 
35th  or  26th  of  this  month :  and  fo  great  was  the  ge- 
neral terror,  that  for  fome  weeks,  carts,  waggons, 
CQachees^and  chairs,  were  almoft  conltantly  transport* 


(   h   ) 

- 

ing  families  and  furniture  to  the  country  in  every 
direction.  Many  people  fhut  up  their  houies  wholly  ; 
others  left  fcrvahts  to  take  care  of  them.  Bufmefs 
then  became  extremely  dull.  Mechanics  and  artifts 
were  unemployed  ;  and  the  ftreets  wore  the  appear- 
ance of  gloom  and  melancholy. 

The  firft  official  notice  taken  of  the  diforder,  was 
on  the  2  2d  of  Atiguft,  oh  which  day  the  mayor  of 
Philadelphia,  Matthew  Clarkfoh,  efq.  wrote  to  the 
city  cornmiffioners,  and  after  acquainting  them  with 
the  ftate  of  the  city,  gave  them  the  moil  peremptory 
orders,  to  have  the  ftreets  properly  cleanfed  and  puT 
rined  by  the  fcayengers,  and  all  the  filth  immediately 
hawied  away.  Thefe  orders  were  repeated  on  the  27th, 
and  fimilar  ones  given  to  the  clerks  of  the  market. 

The  26th  of  the  fame  month,  the  college  of  phy- 
ficians  had  a  meeting,  at  which  they  took  into  confi- 
deration  the  nature  of  the  diforder,  and  the  means 
of  prevention  and  of  cure.  They  pubiifhed  an  addrefs 
to  the  citizens,  figned  by  the  president  and  fecretary, 
recommending  to  avoid  all  unneceffary  intercourfe 
with  the  infected  ;  to  place  marks  on  the  doors  or 
windows  where  they  were  ;  to  pay  great  attention 
to  cleanlinefs  and  airing  the  rooms  of  the  fick  ;  to 
provide  a  large  and  airy  hofpital  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  city  for  their  reception  ;  to  put  a  ftop  to 
the  tolling  of  the  bells ;  to  bury  thofe  who  died  of 
the  diforder  in  carriages  and  as  privately  as  poflible ; 
to  keep  the  ftreets  and  wharves  clean  ;  to  avoid  all 
fatigue  of  bedy  and  mind,  and  Icanding  or  fitting 
in  the  fan,  or  in  the  open  air  ;  to  accommodate  the 
drefs  to  the  weather,  and  to  exceed  rather  in  vvarn^ 
than  in  cool  clothing :  and  to  avoid  intemperance., 
but  to  ufe  fermented  liquor:,  fuch  as  wine,  b?cr  an4 
cider,  with  moderation.  They  like  wife  declared  the;r 
opinion,  that  fires  in  the  ftreets  were  very  danger* 
ous,  if  not  ineffectual  means  of  ftopping  the  progref- 
of  the  fever,  ami  that  they  p!a:ed  more  dependance 
on  the  burning  of  ganpowder.  The  benefits  of  vine- 
gar and  camphor,  they  added,  were  confined  chiefly 
tp  infected  rooms  ;  andthev  could  not  be  too  often 

G 


(     '8     ) 

iifed  on  handkerchiefs,  or  in  fmelling  bottles,  by  per- 
fons  who  attended  the  fick. 

In  confcquence  of  this  addrefs,  the  bells  were  im- 
mediately flopped  from  tolling.  The  expedience  of 
this  meaiure  was  obvious  ;  as  they  had  before  been 
conftantly  ringing  almoft  the  whole  day,  fo  as  to  ter- 
rify thole  in  health,  and  drive  the  fick,  as  far  as  the 
influence  of  imagination  could  produce  that  effect, 
to  their  graves!  Art  idea  had  gone  abroad,  that  the 
burning  of  fires  in  the  ftreets,  would  have  a  tendency 
to  purify  the  air,  and  arreft  the  progrefs  of  the  dis- 
order. The  people  had,  therefore,  almoft  every  night 
large  fires  lighted  at  the  corners  of  the  ftreets.  The 
29th,  the  mayor,  conformably  with  the  opinion  of  the 
college  of  phyficians,  published  a  proclamation,  for- 
bidding this  practice.  As  a  fubftitute,  many  had  re- 
courfe  to  the  firing  of  guns,  which  they  imagined  was 
a  certain  preventative  of  the  diforder.  This  was  car- 
ried fo  far,  and  attended  with  fuch  danger,  that  it  was 
forbidden  by  an  ordinance  of  the  mayor. 

The  29th,  the  governor  of  the  ftate  wrote  a  letter  to 
the  mayor,  ftrongly  enforcing  the  necefiity  of  the  moft 
vigorous  and  decifive  exertions  "  to  prevent  the  ex- 
tenfion  of,  and  to  deftroy,  the  evil."  He  defired  that 
the  various  directions  given  by  the  college  of  phyfi- 
cians mould  be  carried  into  effect.  The  fame  day,  in 
his  addrefs  to  the  legiflature,  he  acquainted  them,  that 
a  contagious  diforder  exifted  in  the  city  ;  and  that  he 
had  taken  eveiy  proper  mcafure  to  afcertain  the  ori- 
gin, nature,  and  extent  of  it.  Helikewife  affured  them 
ihat  ihc  health  officer  and  phyfician  of  the  port, 
would  take  every  precaution  to  allay  and  remove 
the  public  inquietude. 

The  number  of  the  infected  daily  increafing,  and  the 
pxifitnee  of  an  order  againft  the  admiilion  of  perfons 
laftdurirtg  under  infectious  difeafes  into  the  alrhs 
houfe,  precluding  them  from  a  refuge  there*,  fome 

*  At  this  period,  the  number  of  paupers  in  the  alms  houfe 
was  between  three  and  four  hundred  ;  and  the  managers,  ap- 
prehenfive  of  fp reading  the  diforder  among  them,-  enforced  the 
abovemcni.ior.cd  order,    which  had  been   entered  into  a  long- 


(     >9     ) 

temporary  place  was  requifite  ;  and  three  of  the  guar- 
dians of  the  poor,  about  the  26th  of  Auguii,  took 
poffieffion  of  the  circus,  in  which  mr.  Ricketts  had 
lately  exhibited  his  equefcrian  feats,  being  the  only 
place  that  could  be  then  procured  for  the  purpofe. 
Thither  they  lent  feven  perfons  afflicted  with  the  ma- 
lignant fever,  where  they  lay  in  the  open  air  for  fome 
time,  and  without  any  affiftancef.  Of  thefe,  one 
crawled  out  on  the  commons,  where  he  died  at  a  dis- 
tance from  the  houfes.  Two  died  in  the  circus,  one 
of  whom  was  feafonably  removed  ;  the  other  lay  in  a 
ftate  of  putrefaction  for  above  forty  eight  hours,  ow- 
ing to  the  difficulty  of  procuring  any  perfon  to  re- 
move him.  On  this  occafion  occurred  an  inftance  of 
courage  in  a  fervant  girl,  of  which  at  that  time  few 
men  were  capable.  The  carter,  who  finally  undertook 
to  remove  the  corpfe,  having  no  affiftant,  and  being 
unable  alone  to  put  it  into  the  coffin,  was  on  the 
point  of  relinquifhing  his  deiign,  and  quitting  the 
place.  The  girl  perceived  him,  and  understanding  the 
difficulty  ,he  laboured  under,  offered  her  fervices, 
provided  he  would  not  inform  the  family  with 
whom  fhe  lived j.  She  accordingly  helped  him  to  put 
the  "body  into  the  coffin,  which  was  by  that  time 
crawling  with  maggots,  and  in  the  moil  Icathfome 
ftate  of  putrefaction.  It  gives  me  pleafure  to  add, 
that  fhe  ftill  lives,  notwithstanding  her  very  hazard- 
ous exploit. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  neighbourhood  of  the  cir- 
cus took  the  alarm,  and  threatened  to  burn  or  deftroy 
it,  unlefs  the  lick  were  removed ;  and  it  is  believed 
they  would  have  actually  carried  their  threats  into 
execution,  had  compliance  been  delayed  a  day  longer. 

The  29th,  feven  of  the  guardians  of  the  poor  had 
a  conference  with  fome  of  the  city  magiftrates  en  the 

time  before.  They,  however,  fupplied  beds  and  bedding,  and 
all  the  money  in  their  treafury,  for  their  relief,  out  of  that 
houfe. 

f  High  wages  were  offered  for  nurfes  for  thefe  poor  people 
— but  none  could  be  procured. 

;j  Had  they  kuown  of  the  circumftance,  an  immediate  difnv.f- 
Iil  would  have  been  the  confecjuence. 


(       20       ) 

fubjeft  of  the  fever,  at  which  it  was  agreed  to  be 
indifpenfably  neceffary  that  a  fuitable  houfe,  as  an 
hofpital,  fhould  be  provided  near  the  city  for  the 
reception  of  the  infected  poor. " 

In  confequence,  in  the  evening  of  the  fame  day,  the 
guardians  of  the  poor  agreed  to  fundry  refolutions, 
viz.  to  ufe  their  utmoft  exertions  to  procure  a  houfe. 
of  the  above  defcription,  for  an  hofpital,  (out  of  town.; 
and  as  near  thereto  as  might  be  practicable,  confident 
with  the  fafety  of  the  inhabitants,)  for  the  poor  who 
were  or  might  be  afflicted  with  contagious  diforders, 
and  be  deftitute  of  the  means  of  providing  neceffary 
ailiftance  otherwife  ;  to  engage  phyficians,  nurfes,  at- 
tendants,  and  all  neceffaries  for  their  relief  in  that 
houfe  ;  to  appoint  proper  perfons  in  each  diftrict,  to 
enquire  after  fuch  poor  as  might  be  afflicted ;  to  ad- 
miniiter  ailiftance  to  them  in  their  own  houfes,  and, 
if  neceffary,  to  remove  them  to  the  hofpital.  They 
referved  to  themfelves,  at  the  fame  time,  the  liberty 
of  drawing  on  the  mayor  for  fuch  fums  as  might  be 
neceffary  to' carry  their  plans  into  effect. 

Conformably  with  thefe  refolves,  a  committee  of 
the  guardians  was  appointed  to  make  enquiry  for  a 
fuitable  place  ;  and  on  due  examination,  they  jndged. 
that  a  building  '  adjacent  to  Bumhill,  the  maniioii 
houfe  of  William  Hamilton,  efq.  was  the  belt  calcu- 
lated for  the'  purpofe.  That  gentleman  was  then  ab- 
fent,  and  had  no  agent  in  the  city  ;  and  the  great 
urgency  of  the  cafe  admitting  no  delay,  eight  or 
the  guardians,' accompanied  by  Hilary  Baker,  efq, 
one  of  the  city  aldermen,  with  the  concurrence  of  the 
governor,  proceeded,  on  the  3 ill  of  Auguft,  to  the 
building  they  had  fixed  upon;  and  meeting  with 
fome  oppofition  from  a  tenant  who  occupied  it,  they 
took  poffeffion  of  the  manuon  houfe  itfclf,  to  which, 
on  the  fame  evening,  they  fent  the  four  patients  who 
remained  at  the  circus. 

Shortly  after  this,  the  guardians  of  the  poor  for 
the  city*  except  James  Wilfon,  Jacob  Tom'kins, 
jun.  and  William  Sanfom,  ceafed  the  performance 
of  their  duties,   nearly   the  whole  of   them  having 


C    |i    ) 

removed  out  of  the  city.  Before  this  virtual  va- 
cation of  office,  they  palled  a  reiblve  againft  the  ad- 
miffiqn  of  any  paupers  whatever  into  the  alms-houfe 
during  the  prevalence  of  the  diforder*.  The  whole 
care  of  the  poor  of  the  city,  the  providing  for 
Bufh-hill,  fending  the  fick  there,  and  burying  the 
dead,  devolved,  therefore,  on  the  above  three  guar- 
dians. 

CHAP.  IV.  General  defpondency.  Deplorable  fecnes. 
Frightful  vietv  of  human  nature.  A  noble  and  exhilira- 
tlng  contrajl. 

THE  confirmation  of  the  people  of  Philadelphia 
at  this  period  was  carried  beyond  all  bounds. 
Difmay  and  affright  were  vifible  in  almoft  every  per-; 
fon's  countenance.  Moft  of  thofe  who  could  by  any 
means  make  it  convenient,  fled  from  the  city.  Of 
thofe  who  remained,  many  fliut  themfelves  up  in 
their  houfes,  and  were  afraid  to  walk  the  ftreets.  The 
Fmoke  of  tobacco  being  regarded  as  a  preventative, 
many  perfons,  even  women  and  fmall  boys,  had  fegars 
almoft  conftantly  in  their  mouths.  Others  placing  full 
confidence  in  garlic,  chewed  it  almoft  the  whole  day  ; 
forne  kept  it  in  their  pockets  and  fhoes.  Many  were 
afraid  to  allow  the  barbers  or  hair-dreffers  to  come 
near  them,  as  inftances  had  occurred  of  fome  of 
them  having  fhaved  the  dead — and  many  having 
engaged  as  bleeders.  Some,  who  carried  their 
caution  pretty  far,  bought  lancets  for  themfelves, 
not  daring  to  be  bled  with  the  lancets  of  the  bleeders. 
Many  houfes  were  hardly  a  moment  in  the  day  free 
from  the  fmell  of  gunpowder,  burned  tobacco,  nitre, 
fprinkled  vinegar,  &c.  -  Some  of  the  churches  were 
almoft  deferted,  and  others  wholly  clofed.  The  coffee 
houfe  was  fhut  up,  as  was  the  city  library,  and  moil 
of   the   public  offices — three  out  of  the  four   daily 

*■  The  rcafnn  for  entering  into  thi.5  order,  was,  thftt  fon:e  pan- 
pe.s,  who  had  been  admitted  previous  thereto,  with  a  certifi- 
cate ,from  the  phyficians,  of  their  beiil§  fits  from  the  infe&i. 
6n,   had  nevertheless  died  ef  it. 


(       22       ) 

papers  were  difcontinued*,  as  were  fome  of  the  others. 
Many  were  almoft  inceffantly  employed  in  purify- 
ing, fcouring,  and  whitewafhing  their  rooms.  Thofe 
who  ventured  abroad,  had  handkerchiefs  or  fponges 
impregnated  with  vinegar  or  camphor  at  their  no- 
fes,  or  fmelling-bottles  full  of  the  thieves'  vinegar. 
Others  carried  pieces  of  tarred  rope  in  their  hands  or 
pockets,  or  camphor  bags  tied  round  their  necks. 
The  corpfes  of  the  moft  refpectable  citizens,  even  of 
thofe  who  did  not  die  of  the  epidemic,  were  carri- 
ed to  the  grave,  on  the  {hafts  of  a  chair,  the  horfe 
driven  by  a  negro,  unattended  by  a  friend  or  re- 
lation, and  without  any  fort  of  ceremony.  People 
haftily  fhifted  their  courfe  at  the  fight  of  a  hearfe 
coming  towards  them.  Many  never  walked  on  the 
foot  path,  but  went  into  the  middle  of  the  ftreets, 
to  avoid  being  infected  in  palling  by  houfes  wherein 
people  had  died.  Acquaintances  and  friends  avoided 
each  other  in  the  ftreets,  and  only  fignified  their 
regard  by  a  cold  nod.  The  old  cuftom  of  making 
hands  fell  into  fuch  general  difufe,  that  many  fhrunk 
baek  with  affright  at  even  the  offer  of  the  hand.  A 
perfon  with  a  crape,  or  any  appearance  of  mourning, 
was  fliunned  like  a  Tiper.  And  many  valued  them- 
felves  highly  on  the  fkill  and  addrefs  with  which  they 
got  to  windward  of  every  perfon  whom  they  met. 
Indeed  it  is  not  probable  that  London,  at  the  laft 
ftage  of  the  plague,  exhibited  ftronger  marks  of  ter- 
ror, than  were  to  be  feen  in  Philadelphia,  from  the 
25th  or  26th  of  Auguft,  till  pretty  late  in  Septem- 
ber. When  people  fummoned  up  refolution  to  walk 
abroad*  and  take  the  air,  the  fick  cart  conveying  pa- 
tients to  the  hofpital,  or  the  hearfe  carrying  the 
dead  to  the  grave,  which  were  travelling  almoft  the 
whole  day,  fcon  damped  their  fpirits,  and  plunged 
them  again  into  defpondency. 

*  It  would  be  improper  to  pafs  over  this  opportunity  of 
mentioning,  that  the  federal  gazette,  printed  by  Andrew 
Blown,  was  uninterruptedly  continued,  and  with  the  ufual 
induftry,  during  the  whole  calamity,  and  was  of  the  utnioit  fer- 
vice,  in  conveying  to  the  citizens  of  the  united  ftatcs  authentic 
intelligence  of  the  ltate  of  the  difbrder,  and  of  the  city. 


(     =3    ) 

While  affairs  were  in  this  deplorable  ftate,  and 
people  at  the  loweft  ebb  of  defpair,  we  cannot  be 
aftonifhed  at  the  frightful  fcenes  that  were  acted, 
which  feemed  to  indicate  a  total  dilTolution  of  the 
bonds  of  fociety  in  the  neareft  and  deareft  connex- 
ions. Who,  without  horror,  can  reflect  on  a  hufband, 
married  perhaps  for  twenty  years,  deferring  his  wife 
in  the  laft  agony — a  wife  unfeelingly  abandoning  her 
hufband  on  his  death  bed — parents  forfaking  their 
only  children — children  ungratefully  Hying  from  their 
parents,  and  refigning  them  to  chance,  often  with- 
out an  enquiry  after  their  health  or  fafety — mafters 
hurrying  off  their  faithful  fervants  to  Bumhill,  even 
on  fufpicion  of  the  fever,  and  that  at  a  time,  when, 
like  Tartarus,  it  was  open  to  every  vifitant,  but  never 
returned  any — fervants  abandoning  tender  and  hu- 
mane mafters,  who  only  wanted  a  little  care  to 
reftore  them  to  health  and  ufefulnefs — who,  I  fay, 
can  think  of  thefe  things  without  horror  ?  Yet  they 
were  daily  exhibited  in  every  quarter  of  our  city ; 
and  fuch  was  the  force  of  habit,  that  the  parties  who 
were  guilty  of  this  cruelty,  felt  no  remorfe  them- 
felves — nor  met  with  the  execration  from  their  fellow- 
citizens,  which  fuch  conduct,  would  have  excited  at 
any  other  period.  Indeed,  at  this  awful  crifis,  fo  much 
did/elf  appear  to  engrofs  the  whole  attention  of  ma- 
ny, that  lefs  concern  was  felt  for  the  lofs  of  a  pa- 
rent, a  hufband,  a  wife,  or  an  only  child,  than,  on 
other  occafions,  would  have  been  caufed  by  the 
death  of  a  fervant,  or  even  a  favourite  lap-dog. 

•This  kind  of  conduct  produced  fcenes  of  diftrefs 
and  mifery,  of  which  few  parallels  are  to  be  met 
with,  and  which  nothing  could  palliate,  but  the  ex- 
traordinary public  panic,  and  the  great  law  of  felf 
prefcrvation,  the  dominion  of  which  extends  over 
the  whole  animated  world.  Many  men  of  affluent 
fortunes,  who  have  given  daily  employment  and 
fuftenance  to  hundreds,  have  been  abandoned  to  the 
care  of  a  negro,  after  their  wives,  children,  friends, 
clerks,  and  iervants,  had  fled  away,  and  left  them 
to  their  fate.  In  many  cafes,  no  money  could  procure 


(      *4     ) 

proper  attendance.  With  the  poor,  the  cafe  was,  as 
might  be  expected,  infinitely  worfe  than  wit^i  the 
rich.  Many  of  thefe  have  perimed,  without  a  human 
being  to  hand  them  a  drink  of  water,  to  adminifter 
medicines,  or  to  perform  any  charitable  office  for 
them.  Various  inftances  have  occurred,  of  dead  bo- 
dies found  lying  in  the  ftreets,  of  perfons  who  had  no 
houfe  or  habitation,  and  could  procure  no  flicker. 

A  man  and  his  wife,  once  in  affluent  circumftarces, 
were  found  lying  dead  in  bed,  and  between  them 
was  their  child,  a  little  infant,  who  was  fucking  its 
mother's  breafts.  How  long  they  had  lain  thus,  was 
uncertain. 

A  woman,  whofe  hufband  had  ftlft  died  of  the  fe- 
ver, was  feized  with  the  pains  of  labour,  and  had  no- 
body to  aflift  her,  as  the  women  in  the  neighbour- 
hood were  afraid  to  go  into  the  houfe.  She  lay  for 
a  confiderable  time  in  a  degree  of  anguifh  that  will 
not  bear  defcription.  At  length,  fhe  iiruggled  to  reach 
the  window,  and  cried  out  for  afiiftance.  Two  men, 
palling  by,  went  up  ftairs  ;  but  they  came  at  too  late 
a  ftage. — She  was  flriving  with  death — and  actually 
in  a  few  minutes  expired  in  their  arms. 

Another  woman,  whofe  hufband  and  two  children 
lay  dead  in  the  room  with  her,  was  in  the  fame  fitu- 
ation  as  the  former,  without  a  midwife,  or  any  other 
perfon  to  aid  her.  Her  cries  at  the  window  brought 
up  one  of  the  carters  employed  by  the  committee 
for  the  relief  of  the  lick.  With  his  afliftance,  fhe 
was  delivered  of  a  child,  which  died  in  a  few  minutes, 
as  did  the  mother,  who  was  utterly  exhaufted  by 
her  labour,  by  the  diforder,  and  by  the  dreadful  fpec - 
tacle  before  her.  And  thus  lay  in  one  room,  no  lefs 
than  five  dead  bodies,  an  entire  family,  carried  off  in 
an  hour  or  two.  Many  inftances  have  occurred,  of 
refpectable  women,  who,  in  their  lying-in,  have  been 
obliged  to  depend  on  their  maid  fervants,  for  aililt- 
ance — and  fome  have  had  none  but  from  their  huf- 
bands.  Some  of  the  midwives  were  dead — and  others- 
had  left  the  city. 

A  fervant  girl,  belonging  to  a  family  in  this  city, 


(    25 


/ 


in  which  the  fever  had  prevailed,  was  apprehenfive  of 
danger,  and  refolved  to  remove  to  a  relation's  houfe, 
in  the  country.  She  was,  however,  taken  lick  on  the 
road,  and  returned  to  town,  where  me  could,  find 
no  perfon  to  receive  her.  One  of  the  guardians  or" 
the  poor  provided  a  cart,  and  took  her  to  the  alms 
houie.  into  which  me  was  refufed  admittarlce.  She 
was  brought  back,  and  the  guardian  offered  five  doh 
lars  to  procure  her  a  (ingle  night's  lodging,  but  in 
vain.  Arid  in  fine,  after  every  elFort  made  to  provide 
her  fhelter,  me  abfoluiely  expired  in  the  cart. 

To  relate  ail  the  frightful  cafes  of  this  nature  that- 
occurred,  would  fill  a  volume.  To  pafs  them  over 
wholly  would  have  been  improper — to  dwell  on  them 
longer  would  be  painful.  Let  thefe  few,  therefore, 
fu.lice.  ]But  I  mull  obferve,  that  moll  of  them  hap- 
pened in  the  firil  ftage  of  the  public  panic.  After- 
Wards,  when  the  citizens  recovered  a  little  from  their 
fright,  they  became  rare. 

Thefe  horrid  circumfbnces  having  a  tendency  to 
throw  a  made  over  the  human  character,  it  is  proper 
to  reflect  a  little  light  on  the  fubject,  wherever  juftice 
and  truth  will  permit.  Amidil  the  general  abandon- 
ment of  the  lick  that  prevailed,  there  were  to  be  found 
many  illuflrious  inilances  of  men  and  women,  fome 
in  the  middle,  others  in  the  lower  fpheres  of  life, 
who,  in  the  exercife  of  the  duties  of  humanity,  ex- 
pofed  themfelves  to  dangers,  which  terrihed  men, 
who  have  hundreds  of  times  faced  death  without 
fear,  in  the  field  of  battle.  Some  of  them,  alas  !  have 
fallen  in  the  good  caufe  !  But  why  mould  they  be  re- 
gretted !  never  could  they  have  fallen  more  glori- 
oufly.  Foremoft  in  this  noble  groupe  Hands  Jofeph 
Inlkeep,  a  mod  excellent  man  in  every  of  the  fojial 
relations,  of  citizen,  brother,  huiband,  and  mend.— 
To  the  fick  and  the  forfakcn,  has  he  devoted  his  hours, 
to  relieve  and  comfort  them  in  their  tribulation,  and 
his  kind  ailiftance  was  dealt  out  with  equal  freedom 
to  an  utter  ftranger  as  to  his  hofom  friend.  Numerous 
are  the  inilances  of  men  reftored,  by  his  kind  care* 
and  attention,  to  their  families,  from  the  very  javtf 


(  i«  ) 

of  death.— In  various  cafes  has  he  been  obliged  to  put 
de,'d  todies  into  coffins,  when  the  relations  lied  from 
the  n  ournhil  office.  The  merit  of  .Andrew  Adgate, 
Joab  Jones,  and  Daniel  Offiey,  in  the  fame  way,  was 
confpicuous,  and  of  the  laft  importance  to  numbers 
ofdftrelled  creatures,  bereft  of  every  other  comfort. 
Of  thofe  worthy  men,  Wilfon  and  Tomkins,  I  have 
already  fpoken.  The  rev.  mr.  Fleming  and  the  rev. 
mr.  W  inkhaufe,  exhaufted  themfelves  by  a  fucceffion 
^.of  labours,  day  and  night,  attending  on  the  fick,  and 
miniftering  relief  to  their  ipiritual  and  temporal 
wants. 

Of  thofe  who  have  happily  furvived  their  dangers, 
and  are  preferved  to  their  fellow  citizens,  I  ihall  men- 
tion a  few.  They  enjoy  the  fupreme  reward  of  a  felf-ap- 
proving  conicience  ;  and  I  readily  believe,  that  in  the 
moft  iecret  recefles,  remote  from  the  public  eye, 
they  would  have  done  the  fame.  But  next  to  the 
fenfe  of  having  done  well,  is  the  approbation  of 
our  friends  and  fellow  men  ;  and  when  the  debt  is 
great,  and  the  only  payment  that  can  be  made  is  ap- 
plaufe,  it  is  furely  the  worft  ipecies  of  avarice,  to  with- 
hold it.  We  are  always  ready,  too  ready,  alas !  to  beftow 
cenfure — and,  as  if  anxious  left  we  ihould  not  give 
enough,  we  generally  heap  the  meafure.  When  we  are 
fo  folicitous  to  deter  by  reproach  from  folly,  vice, 
and  crime,  why  not  be  equally  difpofed  to  ftimulate 
to  virtue  and  heroifm,  by  freely  beftowing  the  well- 
earned  plaudit?  Could  I  fuppofe,  that  in  any  future 
equally-dangerous  emergency,  the  opportunity  I  have 
feized  of  bearing  my  feeble  teftimony,  in  favour  of 
thefe  worthy  perl'ons,  would  be  a  means  of  exciting 
others  to  emulate  their  heroic  virtue,  it  would  afford 
me  the  higheft  confolation  I  have  ever  experienced. 

The  rev.  Henry  Helmuth's  merits  are  of  the  moll 
exalted  kind.  Hiswhole time, during  the  prevalence  of 
the  diforder,  was  fpent  in  the  performance  -of  the 
works  of  mercy,  vifking  and  relieving  the  fick,  com- 
forting the  afflicted,  and  feeding  the  hungry.  Of  his 
congregation,  fome  hundreds  have  paid  the  laft  debt 
to  aature,  ftnee  the  malignant  fever  began  >  and,  I 


C    2-7    ) 

believe,  he  attended  nearly  the  whole  of  them.  Tsr 
fo  many  dangers  was  he  expofed,  that  he  ftands  a  liv- 
ing miracle  of  prefervation.  The  rev.  C.  V.  Keating, 
the  rev.  mr.  Uitick,  and  the  rev.  mr.  Dickens,  have 
been  in  the  fame  career,  and  performed  their  duties 
to  the  fick  with  equal  fidelity,  and  with  equal  dan* 

fer.  The  venerable  old  citizen,  Samuel  Rol  efen, 
as  been  like  a  good  angel,  indefatigably  performing, 
in  families  where  there  was  not  one  perfon  able  to 
help  another,  even  the  menial  offices  of  the  kitchen, 
in  every  part  of  his  neighbourhood.  Thomas  Alli--^ 
bone,  Lambert  Wihner,  Levi  Hollingfworth,  John 
Barker,  Hannah  Paine,  John  Kutchinfon,  and  great 
numbers  of  others  have  diftinguilhed  themfeives  by 
the  kindeft  offices  of  dilinterefted  humanity.  Magnus 
Miller,  Samuel  Coates,  and  other  good  citizens,  in 
that  time  of  pinching  diftrefs  and  difficulty,  advanced 
fums  of  money  to  individuals  whofe  refources  were 
cut  off,  and  who,  though  accuftomed  to  a  life  of 
independence,  were  abfolutely  deftitute  of  the  means. 
of  fubfiftence.  And  as  the  widow's  mite  has  been, 
mentioned  in  fcripture  with  fo  much  applaufe,  let  me 
add,  that  a  worthy  widow,  whole  name  I  am  griev- 
ed I  cannot  mention,  came  to  the  city-hall,  and  out  of 
her  means,  which  are  very  moderate,  offered  the 
committee  twenty  dollars  for  the  relief  of  the  poor.. 
John  Connelly  has  fpent  hours  befide  the  fick,  when 
their  own  wives  and  children  had  abandoned  them.. 
Twice  did  he  catch  the  diforder — twice  was  he  on  the 
brink  of  the  grave,  which  was  yawning  to  receive 
him — yet,  unappalled  by  the  imminent  danger  he 
had  efcaped,  he  again  returned  to  the  charge.  I  feel 
myfelf  affected  at  this  part  of  my  fubjeel;,  with  emo- 
tions, which  I  fear  my  unanimated  llile  is  ill  calcula- 
ted to  transfufe  into  the  breaft  of  my  reader.  I  wifli 
him  to  dwell  on  this  part  of  the  picture,  with  a  degree 
of  exquifite  pleafure  equal  to  what  I  feel  in  the  de- 
fcription.  When  we  view  man  in  this  light,  we  lofe 
light  of  his  feeblcnefs,  his  imperfection,  his  vice — he 
refembles,  in  a  fmall  degree,  that  divine  being,  who 
is  au  inexhauftible  mine  of  mercy  and   gtredaeiV 


C  *$  1 

And,  as  a  human  being,  I  rejoice,  that  it  ha3  fallen* 
to  my  lot,  to  be  a  witnefs  and  recorder  of  a  mag- 
nanimity "which  would  alone  be  fufficient  to  refcue 
the  character  of  mortals  from  obloquy  and  reproach. 

CHAP.  V.  pljirefs  increafex.  Benevolent  citizen s 
invited  to  ajtifl  the  guardians  ofttie  poor.  Ten  volunteers. 
Appointment  -f  the  .   State 

of  rbiladelphik 


•i 


N  the  mean  time,  the  fijtuatioh  of  affairs  became 
dairy  rriore  and  more  ferious.  Thofe  of  the  guardi- 
ans of  the  poor,  who  continued  to  acf,  were  quite 
Opp  tth  the  labours  of  their   office,  which   in- 

Cteafed  to  ittch  a  degree,  that  they  were  utterly  un- 
able to  execute  tHern.  I  have  already  mentioned,  that 
for  the  city  there  were  but  three  who  perfevered  in 
the  performance  of  their  duty*.  It  muft  give  the  reader 
great  concern  to  hear,  that  two  of  them,  James  Wil- 
K)n,  and  Jacob  Tomkins,  excellent  and  indefatigable 
young  men,  whofe  fervices  were  at  that  time  of 
very  great  importance,  fell  facrifices  in  the  caule  of 
humanity.  The  other,  William  Sanfom,  was  likewife, 
in  the  execution  of  his  dangerous  office,  feized  with 
the  di. order,  and  on  the  brink  of  the  grave,  but  was 
fo  foitunate  as  to  recover.  The  difeafed  perfons  be- 
came daily  more  numerous.  Owing  to  the  general 
terror,  nurfes,  carters,  and  attendants  could  hardly 
be  procured.  Thus  circumffanced,  the  mayor  of  the 
city,  on  the  ioth  of  September,  publiflied  an  addrefs 

*  With  refp?ct.  to  the  guardians  of  the  poor,  I  have  been 
xnifnnderftood.  I  only  fpeke  of  thofe  tor  the  city.  Thofe  for 
the  liberties,  generally,  continred  at  their  po(t  ;  and  two  of 
them,  \V:n.  Peer  Sp  ague,  and  William  Gregory,  performed, 
in  the  northern  liberties,  the  very  fame  kind  of  fei  vices  as  the 
commitec  did  in  the  citv.  viz.  attended  to  thebu  ial  of  the  dead, 
and  the  removal  of   the  fick.     In  Southwaik,  the  like  tour  of 

duty  was  executed  by  Clement  Humphreys, Cornifh,  and 

Robert  [ones.  Far  be  ir  from  me  to  deprive  any  man  of 
applaufe  fb  richly  and  haznrdoufly  earned.  I  ouly  regret, 
that  want  of  leifnre  prevents  me  from  collecting  the  names 
of  all  thofe  who  have  nobly  diftinguifhed  themfelves,  by  their 
attention  to  the  alleviation  of  the  general  calamity. 


to  the  citizens,  announcing  that  the  guardians  of 
the  poor,  who  remained,  were  in  diftrefs  for  want 
of  affiftance,  and  inviting  fuch  benevolent  people,  as 
felt  for  the  general  diftrefs,  to  lend  their  aid.  In  con- 
fequence  of  this  advrtifement,  a  meeting  of  the  ci- 
tizens was  held  at  the  city-hall,  on  Thurfday,  the 
1 2th  of  September,  at  which  very  few  attended,  from 
the  univerial  conlternatlon  that  prevailed.  The  ftate 
of  the  poor  was  fully  confidered  ;  and  ten  citizens, 
Ifrael  Ifrael,  Samuel  Wetherill,  Thomas  Wiftar, 
Andrew  Adgate,  Caleb  Lownes,  Henry  Deforeft, 
Thomas  Peters,  Jofcph  Infkeep,  Stephen  Girard,  and 
John  Mafcra,  offered  themfelves  to  aiiift  the  guardi- 
ans of  the  poor.  At  this  meeting,  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  confer  with  the  phyficians  who  had 
the  care  of  Buftihiil,  and  make  report  of  the  ftate 
of  that  hofpital.  This  committee  reported  next  even- 
ing, that  it  was  in  very  bad  order,  and  in  want  of  al- 
moft  every  thing. 

On  Saturday,  the  14th,  another  meeting  was  held, 
when  the  alarming  Rate  of  affairs  being  fully  confi- 
dered,  it  was  reioived  to  borrow  fifteen  hundred 
dollars  of  the  brnk  of  North  America,  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  procuring  iuitable  accommodations  for  the 
ufe  of  perfons  aitii etc d  with  the  prevailing  malignant 
fever.  At  this,  meeting,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  tranfacr.  the  whole  of  the  buiinefs  relative  to  the 
relief  of  the  lick,  and  the  procuring  of  phyiicians, 
nurfes,  attendants,  &c.  This  is  the  committee,  which, 
by  virtue  of  that  appointment,  has,  from  that  day  to 
the  prefent  time,  watched  over  the  fick,  the  poor, 
the  widow,  and  the  orphan.  It  is  worthy  of  remark, 
and  may  encourage  others  in  times  of  public  calamity, 
that  this  committee  coniiited  originally  of  only  twen- 
ty-fix perfons,  men  moftly  taken  from  the  middle 
walks  of  life  ;  of  thefe,  four,  Andrew  Adgate,  Jona- 
than Dickinfon  Sargeant,  Daniel  QfHey,  and  Jofeph 
Infkeep,  died,  the  two  fir  ft  at  an  early  period  of 
their  labours — and  four  never  attended  to  the  ap- 
pointment. "  The  heat  and  burden  of  the  day"  have 
therefore   been  borne  by  eighteen  perfons3  whofe 


(    3°    ) 

exertions  have  been  fo  highly  favoured  by  provi- 
dence, that  they  have  been  the  initruments  of  avert- 
ing the  progrefs  of  destruction,  eminently  relieving 
the  diftreffed,  and  restoring  confidence  to  the  ter- 
rified inhabitants  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  honourable 
to  this  committee,  that  they  have  conducted  their 
bufinefs  with  more,  harmony  than  is  generally  to  be 
met  with  in  public  bodies  of  equal  number.  Probably 
there  never  was  one,  of  which  the  members  were  lb  re- 
gular in  their  attendance  ;  the  meetings,  at  the  word 
of  times — thofe  times,  which,  to  ufe  Fame's  emphatie 
language,  "  tried  men's  fouls,"  were  compoied,  in 
general,  of  twelve,  thirteen,  and  fourteen  members. 

Never,  perhaps,  was  there  a  city  in  the  fituation 
of  Philadelphia  at  this  period.  The  preiident  of  the 
united  ftates,  according  to  his  annual  cuitom,  had 
removed  to  Mount  Vernon  with  his  houfehold.  Moil, 
if  not  all  of  the  other  officers  of  the  federal  go- 
vernment were  abfent.  The  governor,  who  had  been 
iick,  had  gone,  by  directions  of  his  phyfician,  to  hi s 
country  feat  near  the  falls  of  Schuylkill — and  nearly 
the  whole  of  the  officers  of  the  ftate  had  likewile  re- 
tired.— The  magiftrates  of  the  city,  except  the  may- 
or*, and  John  Barclay! ,  efq.  were  away,  as  were  molt 
of  thofe  of  the  liberties.  Of  the  fituation  of  the  guar- 
dians of  the  poor  J,  I  have  already  made  mention.  In 
fact,  government  of  every  kind  was  almoft  wholly 
vacated,  and  feemed,  by  tacit,  but  univerfal  confent, 
to  be  vefted  in  the  committee. 

*  This  macifrrate  deferves  particular  praife.  Pe  was  the  firft 
who  invited  the  citizens  to  "  rally  round  the  vtandard"  of  cha- 
rity, and  convened  the  meeting  at  which  thecommitte  for  >elief 
of  the  rick  was  appointed,  as  well  as  the  preceding onef  ;  of  this 
ccumittee  he  was  appointed  prefi:lent,  which  duty  he  punctually 
fulfilled  during, the  whole  time  of  thediflrefe. 

-f  This  gentleman,  late  mavor  of  the  city,  acted  in  the  double 
capacity  of  alderman  and  preiident  of  the  bank  of  FenniYlvaniay 
to  the  duties  of  which  offices  he  devoted  hioifelf  umemittedly, 
except  during  an  illnefs  which  threatened  to  add  him  to  the 
number  ot  valuable  men  of  whom  we  have  been  bereft. 

J  The  managers  of  the  alms  houfe  attended  to  the  duties  im- 
yofed  on  them,  and  met  regularly  at  that  building  every  week. 


(    3*    ) 

CHAP.   VI.  Magnanimous  offer.    Wretched  Stats  of 
BuJJ>bill.   Order  introduced  there. 

AT  the  meeting  on  Sept.  1 5th,  a  circumftance  oc- 
curred to  which  the  xnoft  glowing  pencil  could 
hardly  do  juitice.  Stephen  Girard,  a  wealthy  merchant, 
a  native  of  France,  and  one  of  the  members  of  the 
•committee,  touched  with  the  wretched  fituation  of 
the  fufferers  at  Buih-hill,  voluntarily  and  unexpect- 
edly offered  himfeii  as  a  manager  to  fuperintend  that 
hoipital.  The  iurprife  and  iatisfaction,  excited  by 
this  extraordinary  ellbrt  of  humanity,  can  be  better 
conceived  than  expreffed.  Peter  Helm,  a  native  of 
Pennfylvania,  alfo  a  member,  actuated  by  the  like 
benevolent  motives,  offered  his  Services  in  the  fame 
department.  Their  offers  were  accepted  ;  and  the 
fame  afternoon  they  entered  on  the  execution  of 
their  dangerous   and  praiieworthy  office*. 

To  form  a  juft  eftimate  of  the  value  of  the  offer  of 
thefe  men,  it  is  necehary  to  take  into  full  considera- 
tion the  general  confirmation,  which  at  that  period 
pervaded  every  quarter  of  the  city,  and  which  made 
attendance  on  the  fick  be  regarded  as  little  lefs  than 
a  certain  facrilke.  Uninfluenced  by  any  reflexions 
of  this  kind,  without  any  pofiible  inducement  but 
the  pureft  motives  of  humanity,  they  came  forward, 
and  offered  themfelves  as  the  forlorn  hope  of  the 
•committee.  I  truft  that  the  eratitude  of  their  fellow 
citizens  will  remain  as  long  as  the  memory  of  their 
beneficent  conduct,  which  I  hope  will  not  die  with 
the  prefent  generation. 

On  the  1 6th,  the  managers  of  Bufhhill,  after  per- 
fonal  infpection  of  the  ftate  of  affairs  there,  made 
report  of  its  lituation,  which  was  truly  deplorable-.  It 
■exhibited  as  wretched  a  picture  of  human  mifery  as 
ever  exifted.  A  profligate,  abandoned  fet  of  nurfes 
and  attendants  (hardly  any  of  good  character  could 
at  that  time  be  procured,)  rioted  on  the  provi- 
iioiis    and    comforts,   prepared    for   the   fick,  who 

*  The  management  of  the  interior  department  v/as  gflumci 
by  Stephen  Girard — tlie  exterior  by  Peter  Helm. 


(     J*     ) 

funlefs  at  the  hours  when  the  doctors  attended) 
were  left  almoft  entirely  defutute  of  every  afiihancc. 
''The  lick,  the  dying,  and  the  dead  we're  indiicflminate- 
ly  mingled  together.  The  ordure  and  other  evacuati- 
ons, of  the  iick,  were  allowed  to  remain  in  the 
moft  offenfive  itate  imaginable.  Not  the  fmalleu 
appearance  of  order  or  regularity  exified.  It  was, 
in  fact,  a  great  human  flaughter  houfe,  where  nume- 
rous victims  were  immolated  at  the  aitar  of  riot 
and  intemperance.  No  wonder,  then,  that  a  ge- 
neral dread  of  the  place  prevailed  through  the  city, 
and  that  a  removal  to  it  was  coniidered  as  the  feal 
of  death.  In  confequence,  there  were  various  inftances 
of  fick  perfons  locking  their  rooms,  and  refifting 
every  attempt  to  carry  them  away.  At  length,  the 
poor  were  fo  much  afraid  of  being  fent  to  Buih-hill, 
that  they  would  not  acknowledge  their  ilinefs,  until  it 
was  no  longer  poflible  to  conceal  it.  For  it  is  to  be 
obferved,  that  the  fear  of  the  contagion  was  fo  pre- 
valent, that  as  foon  as  any  one  was  taken  ill,  an  alarm 
was  fpread  among  the  neighbours,  and  every  effort 
was  ufed  to  have  the  lick  peribn  hurried  off  to  Bufh- 
hill,  to  avoid  fpreading  the  diforder.  The  cafes  of 
poor  people  forced  in  this  way  to  that  hofpital,  though 
labouring  under  only  common  colds,  and  common 
fall  fevers,  were  numerous  and  afflicting.  There. were 
not  wanting  inftances  of  perfons,  only  flightly  ill, 
being  fent  to  Bufhhill,  by  their  panic-firuck  neigh- 
bours, and  embracing  the  firft  opportunity  of  rnn- 
rung  back  to  Philadelphia. 

The  regulations  adopted  at  Bulhhill,  were  as 
follow : 

One  of  the  rooms  in  the  manfion  houfe  (which 
contains  fourteen,  bendes  three  large  estres.)  was 
allotted  to  the  matron,  and  an  ahntant  under  her — 
eleven  rooms  and  two  entries  to  the  fick.  Thofe 
who  were  in  a  very  low  flate  were  in  one  room — and 
one  was  appointed  for  the  dying.  The  men  and  women 
were  kept  in  diftinct  rooms,  and  attended  by  nurfes 
of  their  own  fexes.  Every  fick  perfon  was  furnifhed 
with  a  bedftead,  clean  meet,  pillow,  two  or  three  blan* 


(     33     ) 

orringer,  plate,  fpoon,  and  clean  linen,  when 
geceflary.  In  the  manfion  houfe  were  one  hundred, 
&nd  forty  bedfteads.  The  new  frame  houfe,  built  by 
the  committee,  when  it  was  found  that  the  old  build- 
ings were  inadequate  to  contain  the  patients  commo- 
dioully,  is  fixty  feet  front,  and  eighteen  feet  deep, 
v.  ith  three  rooms  on  the  ground  floor  ;  one  of  which 
s  for  the  head  nurfes  of  that  houfe,  the  two  others 
for  the  lick.  Each  ofthefe  two  laft  contained  feven- 
teen  bedfteads.  The  loft,  deflgned  for  the  convales- 
cents,  was  calculated  to  contain  forty. 

The  barn  is  a  large,  commodious  {tone  building, 
divided  into  three  apartments  ;  one  occupied  by  the 
render!  t  doctors  and  apothecary  ;  one,  which  contain- 
ed forty  bedfteads,  by  the  men  convalescents — and  the 
other  by  the  women  convalescents,  which  contained 
fifty-feven. 

fonte   diftance  from  the   weft  of  the  hofnitaL 

s  erected  a  frame  building  to  ftore  the  coffins,  and 
depollt  the  dead  until  they  were  fent  to  a  place  of  in- 
terment. 

Belkles  the  nurfes  employed  in  the  hcufe,  there 
were  two  cooks,  four  labourers,  and  three  washer- 
women, conitantly  employed  for  the  ufe  of  the  hof- 
pital. 

t  iickwere  viilted  twice  a  day  by  two  phyficians, 
dr.  Deveze  and  dr.  Benjamin  Dufileld*,  whofe  pre- 
scriptions were  executed  by  three  refident  phylicians 
and  the  apothec.'- 

One  of  the  refident  doctors  was  charged  withtfie 
diftribution  of  the  victuals  for  the  nek.  At  eleven 
o'clock,  he  gave  them  broth  with   rice,  bread,  boiled 

*  Very   fcort  after   the    jjriranization   of  t'  e  commit  tec,  dr. 
Deveze,  a  refpedfcable    French    phyfician  from   (are    Francois, 
■•1  his  fewices  in  the  line  of  his  proffeffion  at  Buna-bill.  Dr. 
Benjamin    DnffieJd   did  the  fame.    Their  oners  were  accepted, 
1   both  attended   wich  great  punctuality.  Dr.  De- 
renounced  ::!1  other  practice,  Which,  at  .that  period,  would 
n  very  lucrative,  when  there  wis  fuch  general  demand 
.   T  he  committee,  in  conruieratimi  of  the    fervices 
Uele  two  gentlemen,  have  lately  prtdenred  dr.  Duffield  with 
hundred,  and  dr.  Deveze  with  hr'tsen  hundred  dollars. 

E 


(     34     ) 

fceef,  veil,  mutton,  and  chicken,  with  cream  of  rice 
to  thofe  whofe  ftomachs  would  not  bear  ftronger  nou- 
riihment.  Their  fecond  meal  was  at  fix  o'clock,  when 
they  had  broth,  rice,  boiled  prunes,  with  cream  of  rice. 
The  fick  drank  at  their  meals  porter,  or  claret  and 
water.  Their  cenftant  drink  between  meals  was  cen- 
taury tea,  and  boiled  lemonade. 

Thefe  regulations,  the  order  and  regularity  intro- 
duced, and  the  care  and  tendernefs  with  which  the 
patients  were  treated,  fbon  eftablifhed  the  character  of 
the  hofpital ;  and  in  the  courfe  of  a  week  or  two, 
numbers  of  fick  people,  who  had  not  at  home  pro- 
per perfons  to  nurfe  them,  applied  to  be  lent  to  Bufh- 
hill.  Indeed,  in  the  end,  fo  many  people,  who  were 
afflicted  with  other  diforders,  procured  admittance 
there,  that  it  became  neeefiary  to  pafs  a  refolve,  that 
before  an  order  of  admiffion  mould  be  granted,  a 
certificate  mufl  be  produced  from  a  phyfician,  that 
the  patient  laboured  under  the  malignant  fever  ;  for 
had  all  the  applicants  been  received,  this  hofpital,  pro- 
vided for  an  extraordinary  occafion,  would  have  been 
filled  with  patients  whofe  cafes  entitled  them  to  a  re- 
ception in  the  Pennfylvania  hofpital. 

The  number  of  perfons  received  into  Bum-hill,  from 
the  1 6th  of  September  to  this  time,  is  about  one 
thouiandj  of  whom  nearly  five  hundred  are  dead; 
there  rire  now  ('fro  v.  30,)  in  the houfe,  about  twenty 
fick,  and  fifty  convalescent?.  Of  the  latter  clafs,  there 
been  difmiiled  about  four  hundred  and  thirty. 

The  reafon  why  To  large  a  proportion  died  of  thofe 
received,  is,  that  in  a  variety  of  cafes,  the  early  fears  of 
that  hofpital  had  got  fuchfirm  poffellion  of  the  minds 
of  folJ&e,  and  others  were  fo  much  actuated  by  a  foo- 
lifh  pride,  that  they  would  never  confent  to  be  re- 
moved till  they  were  paft  recovery.-  And  in  confe- 
rence of  this,  there  were  many  inftances  of  perform 
dying  in  the  cart  on  the  road  to  the  hofpital.  I  fpeak 
within  bounds,  when  I  fay  that  at  leaft  a  third  of  the 
whole  number  of  thofe  received,  did  not  furvive  their 
entrance  into  the  hofpital  two  days.  Were  it  not  for 
the  operation  of  thei'e  two  motives,  the  number  of 


I     35     ) 

fhe  dead  in  the  city  and  in  the  hofpital  would  have 
been  much  leffened  ;  for  many  a  man,  whofe  nice 
feelings  made  him  fpurn  at  the  idea  of  a  removal  to 
the  hofpital,  perifhed  in  the.  city  for  want  of  that 
comfortable  ailiftance  he  would  have  had  at  Eulh-hill*. 
Before  I  conclude  this  chapter,  let  me  add,  that  the 
perfeverance  of  the  managers  of  that  hofpital  has  been 
equally  meritorious  with  their  original  beneficence. 
During  the  whole  calamity  to  this  time,  they  have 
attended  uninterruptedly,  for  fix,  feven,  or  eight 
hours  a  day,  renouncing  almoft  every  care  of  private 
affairs.  They  have  had  a  laborious  tour  of  duty  to 
perform.  Stephen  Girard,  whofe  office  was  in  the  inte- 
rior part  of  the  hofpital,  has  had  to  encourage  and  com- 
fort the  fick — to  hand  them  neceffaries  and  medicines 
— to  wipe  the  fweat  off  their  brows — and  to  per- 
form many  difgufting  offices  of  kindnefs  for  them, 
which  nothing  could  render  tolerable,  but  the  exal- 
ted motives  that  impelled  him  to  this  heroic  conduct. 
Peter  Helm,  his  worthy  coadjutor,  difplayed,  in  his 
department,  equal  exertions,  to  promote  the  com- 
mon   good. 

CHAP.  VII.     Proceedings   of_   the    com  mi  I  Ice— -Leans 
from  the   bank  of  North  America.  Eftablijhment  of  an 
orphan  houfe.  Relief  of  the  poor.  Appointment  of  the  af- 
fjhvii  committee. 

THE  committee,  on  its  organization,  refolved  that 
three  of  the  memk  rs  fhould  attend  daily  at  the 
city  hall,  to  receive  applications  for  relief;  to  pro- 
vide for  the  burial  o£  the  dead,  and  for  the  convey- 

*  I  omitted  in  the  former  editions  to  mention  the  name  of  a 
nioft  excellent  and  invaluable  woman,  mrs.  Saville,  the  matron 
in  this  hofpital,  whofe  fervices.in  the  execution  of  her  office, 
were  above  all  price.  Never  was  there  a  perfon  J>etter  qualified 
for  fuch  a  Situation.  To  the  moft  ftricrt  observance  of  fyfrcm,  fhe 
united  rail  the  tendernefs  and  humanity  which  are  fo  cdentiaHy 
requisite  in  an  hofpital,  but  which  habit  fo  very  frequently  and 
fatally  extingaifhes  :  fhould  the  wifdom  of  our  legiflature  decree 
fhe  permanent  eflablifhment  of  a  lazaretto,  no  peifeo  can  be 
found  more  deferving,  or  better  qualified  to  be  entruued  with 
the  care  of  it. 


(     3^     ) 

imce  of  perfcns  labouring  under  the  ihalis  ■ 
to   Bufh-hiil.     But  three  being  four d  inac 
the  execution  cf  the  multifarious  raid  laboricir 
to  be  performed,  this  order  was  refcir.deci, 
attendance  was  given  by  nearly   all  of  "the   rnc     ' 

A  number  of  carts  and  carters  were  engaged  for  the 
burial  of  the    dead,  and  removal    of  the  lick.   And 
it  was  a  melancholy  fight  to  behold  them  inceffantly 
employed  through  the  whole  day,  in  thefe  mourn 
offices. 

The  committee  borrowed  fifteen  hundred  doll 
from  the  bank  of  North  America,  agreeably  to  the 
refoives  of  the  town  meeting  by  which  they  were 
appointed.  Several  of  the  members  entered  into  fecu- 
rity  to  repay  that  film,  in  cafe  the  corporation  or  le- 
giflature  mould  refufe  to  make  provision  for  its  dif- 
charge.  This  mm  being  foon  expended,  a  far. 
loan  of  5000  dollars  was  negociated  with  the  famein- 
ilitution*. 

In    the  progrefs  of  the  diforder,   the   committee 
found  the  calls   on  their  humanity  increafe.    The  nu- 
merous deaths  of  heads  of  families  left   a   very  large 
body  of  children  in  a  moil  abandoned,  forlorn  ftatc. 
The  bettering  houfe,  in  which  fuch  helpleis  objects 
have  been  ufually  reread  heretofore, was  barred  againft 
them,  by  the  order  which  I  have  already  mentioned. 
Many  of  thefe  little  innocents  were  actually  fv 
for  want  of  even  common  neceSaries,  The  death 
their  parents    and    protectors,  which     fhould    h 
been  the  ftrongeft  recommendation  to  public  charity, 
was  the  very  reafon    of  their  diftrefs,    and  of  their 
being  ihunned  as  a  peftilence.  The  child.-,  en  of  a  fan 
once  in  eafy  circumftances,  were   found  in  a   bla 

ith's  fnop,  iqualid,  dirty,  and  half  flarvcd, 
n  for  a  confiderable   tin  our  even  bj 

.    Various  1.  nilar    nature  or 

This  evil  early  caught  the  attention  of  the  ( ee5 

and  on  the  icjtK  of  Septeu  y  hired 

*  It  ought:  to   be  mentioned,    that   on  the  pnymeiM  of  thefc 
funis,  the  directors  genenmilv  cieclin. 
U£s  of  them. 


^     37     ) 

t,  in   whi  7  placed  thirteen  d 

increafing,  they  on  the  3d  of  C 
cured  the  Loganian  library,  which  was  generoufty 
given  up  by  John  Swanwick,  efq.  for  the  purpofe    of 
an   orphan  houfe.  A  farther    j  e  of  their  little 

char 20,  rendered  it  necefTary  to  buiidfome  additions 
to  the  library,  which  are  nearly  half  a  as  that 

building.  At  prefent,  there  are  in  the  houfs,  under 
the  care  of  the  orphan  committee,  about  fixty  chil- 
dren,   and     above    forty   are  out  with  wet  nui 

11ft  the  origin  of  the  inftitution,  one  hundred  and 
ninety  children  have  fallen  under  their  care,  of  whom 
iixtecn  are  dead,  and  about  feventy  have  been  deli- 
vered to  their  relations  or  friends.  There  are  inftances 
of  five  and  fix  children  of  a  (ingle  family  in  the  houfe. 
To  thefe  precious  depofits  the  utmoft  attention  has 
been  paid.  They  are  well  fed,  comfortably  clothed, 
and  properly  taken  care  of.  Mary  Parvin,  a  very  fuit- 
able  perfon  for  the  purpofe,  has  been  engaged  as 
■matron,  and  there  are,  beiides,  fufficient  perfons  em- 
ployed to  aiUft  her.  Various  applications  have  been 
made  for  fome  of  the  children ;  but  in  no  inftance 
would  the  committee  furrender  any  of  them  up,  until 
y  had  fatisfaclory  evidence  that  the  claimants  had 
a  right  to  make  the  demand.  Their  relations  are  now 
publicly  called  upon  to  come  and  receive  them.  For 
fuch  as  may  remain  unclaimed,  the  beft  provifion  p 
ilble  will  be  made;  and  fo  great  is  the  avidity  of  many 
people  to  have  feme  of  them,  that  there  will  be  no  diffi- 
culty in  placing  them  to  advantage. 

Another  duty  foon  attracted  the  attention  of  the 

committee.   The  flight,  of  fo  many  of  our  citizens,  the 

tonfequent  ftagnation  of  bufinefs,  and  the  almoft  total 

eeilation  of  the  labours  of  the  guardians  of  the  poor, 

:  on  among  the  lower  dafles  of  the  people,   a 

it  degree  of  diflrefs,  which  loudly  demanded  the  in- 

pontoon  of  the  humane.  In  confequence,  on  the  2cth 

►eptember,  a  committee  of  diftributicn,  of  three 

s,  was  appointed,  to  furnifh  fuch  aflfftance  to 

rrving  ol  i  their  refpeclive  cafes  might  re- 

■^,:[nd  the  funds  allow..  This  was  at  fir  ai£ 


(     3«     ) 

tered  to  but  few,  owinq;  to  the  confined  ftate  of  the 
finances.  But  the  very  extraordinary  liberality  of  our 
fugitive  fellow  citizens,  of  the  citizens  of  New  York, 
and  of  thofe  of  various  towns  and  townfhips,  encou- 
raged the  committee  to  extend  their  views.  In  confe- 
quence,  they  increafed  the  diftributing  committee  to 
eight,  and  afterwards  to  ten. 

Being,  in  the  execution  of  this  important  fervice, 
liabie  toimpofition,  they,  on  the  14th  of  October,  ap- 
pointed an  aihftant  committee,  compofed  of  forty- 
five  citizens,  chofen  from  the  fever  al  difrricls  of  the 
city  and  liberties.  The  duty  affigned  this  afliftant  com- 
mittee, was  to  feek  out  and  give  recommendations  to 
deferving  objects  in  diftrefs,  who,  on  producing  them, 
were  relieved  by  the  committee  of  diftribution,  (who 
fat  daily  at  the  City  Hall,  in  rotation,)  with  money, 
provifions,  or  wood,  or  all  three,  according  as  their 
neceflities  required.  The  afliftant  committee  executed 
this  bufinefs  with  fuch  care,  that  it  is  probable  fo 
great  a  number  of  people  were  never  before  relieved, 
with  fo  little  impohtion.  Some  ihamelefs  creatures, 
pofTeiTed  of  houfes,  and  comfortable  means  of  fup- 
port,  have  been  detected  in  endeavouring  to  partake 
of  the  relief  deftined  folely  for  the  really  indigent  and 
diftrefled. 

Beiides  thofe  who  came  forward  to  afk  afliftance  in 
y  of  gift,  there  was  another  clafs,  in  equal  dif- 
trefs,  and  equally  entitled  to  relief,  who  could  not 
to  accept  it  as  charity.  The  committee,  difpof- 
ed  to  fofter  this  laudable  principle,  one  of  the  beft  fe- 
curities  from  debafement  of  character,  relieved  perfonr, 
of  this  defcription  with  'mail  loans  weekly,  juft  enough 
for  immediate  fupport,  and  took  acknowledgments 
for  the  debt,  without  ever  intending  to  urge  payment , 
if  not  perfectly  convenient  to  the  parties. 

The  number  of  perfons  relieved  weekly,  was  about 
twelve  hundred  ;  many  of  whom  had  families  of  four, 
five,  and  iix  perfons. 

The  gradual  revival  of  bufinefs  has  refcued   1 
who  are  able  and  willing  to  work,  from  the  humilia- 
tion of  depending  on   public, charity.  And  the  orga- 
nization of  the  overfcers  of  the  poor  has   thrown  the 


(     39     ) 

Uippdrt  of  the  proper  objects  of  charity  into  its  old 
channel,  The  diftribution  of  money,  &c.  ceafed  there- 
fore on  Saturday,  the  23d  of  November. 

C  H  A  P.  VIII.  Repeated  addreffes  of  the  committee  on 
the  purification  of  houfes. — AJfijlant  committee  under- 
dertake  to  infpecl  infected  houfes  perfonally.  Extinclion 
of  the  dif order.  Governor* s  proclamation.  Addrefsoft.be 
clergy.   A  nezo  and  happy  flate  of  affairs. 

THE  committee  exerted  its  cares  for  the  welfare 
of  the  citizens  in  every  cafe  in  which  its  interfer- 
ence was  at  all  proper  or  neceffary.  The  declenfion  of 
the  diforder  induced  many  perfons  to  return  to  the 
city  at  an  earlier  period,  than  prudence  dictated.  On 
the  26th  of  October,  therefore,  the  committee  addref- 
fed  their  fellow  citizens,  congratulating  them  on  the 
very  flattering  change  that  had  taken  place,  which  af- 
forded a  chearing  profpect  of  being  foon  freed  from 
the  diforder  entirely.  They,  however,  recommended 
to  thofe  who  were  abfent,  not  to  return  till  the  inter- 
vention of  cold  weather  or  rain*  fhiuld  render  fuch 
a  itep  juftifiable  and  proper,  by  totally  extinguifhing 
the  difeafe. 

The  29th,  they  publifhed  another  addrefs,  earneftly 
exhorting  thofe  whofe  houfes  had  been  clofed,  to  have 
them  well  aired  and  purified  j  to  throw  lime  into  the 
privies,  &c. 

The  4th  of  November,  they  again  addreffed  the 
public,  announcing  that  it  was  unfafe  for  thofe  who 
had  refided  in  the  country,  to  return  to  town  with  too 
much  precipitation,  efpecially  into  houfes  not  properly 
prepared.  They  added;,  that  though  the  diforder  had 
coniiderably  abated,  and  though  there  was  reafon  to 
hope  it  would  fhortly  difappear,  yet  they  could  not 
fay  it  was  totally  eradicated  ;  as  there  was  reafon 
to  fear  it  ftill  lurked  in  different  parts  of  the  city. 
They  reiterated  their  reprefentations  on  the  fubject 
of  cleanfing  houfes. 

*  I  (hall  in  fom3  of  the  following  pages  attempt  to  prove, 
rfias  the  idea  here  held  our,  was  erroneous. 


(     40      ) 

ah,  they  once  more  addrefied  their 

citizens,  informing  them  of  the  reftoration    to  . 
long  afflicted  city,  of  as  great  a  degree  of  health  as  v 

y  prevails  at  the  fame  feafon  ;   of  no   new  cafes  of 
the  malignant  fever  having  occurred  for  many 
of  their  having  reafon  tp  hope  that  in  a  few  d 
a  veftige  of  it  would  remain  in  the  city  or    fubiirl 
of  applications  for  admiflion  into  the  hof-  jm* 

ceafed  ;  of  the  expectation  of  the  phyficians  at  the  1 
pital,    that  no  more  than  three  or  four  wot  out 

of  ninety  one  perfons  r  e  ber 

of  convalescents  inereifmg  daily.  ie    fame 

time  moil  earneftly  recommended  that  houfes  inwhiclf 
the  difortkr  had  been,  mould  be  purified  ;  and  that  the 
clothing  or   bedding  of  the  fie 

died  of  the  .r,  jQiou-d  be  w  . 

ed,  baked,  buried,  drde  i.  They  added,  that  I 

3'nt  citizens  of  Philadelphia,  an- 

gfcrs  who  had  buimels  in  the  ci  ;nt  lafrly  come' 

to  it,  without  fear  of  the  diforder. 

Notwithflartding  all  thefe  cautions,  many  perfons  re- 
turned from  the*  country,  without  paying  any  atten- 
tion to  the  cleanfing  of  their  houfes,  there' 
not  only  with  their    own  lives,  but  with  the 
of  their  fellow  citizens.  The  neglect  of  fofne 
in  this  way,  has  been  fo  flagrant,  as  to  merit  the  ie- 
vereft  puniihment.  This  dangerous  miifance  attracted 
the  notice  of  the  committee  ;  and 'after  a  conference 
with  the  affiftant  committee,  they,  on  the  15th  of  I* 
vember,  in  conjunction  with  them,  r<  it  it 

was  highly  expedient  to  have  all  houfes  and  fibres  in 
the  city  and  liberties,  wherein  the  maligna:.  had 

prevailed,  purified  and  cleanfed  as  ipeediiy  and  com- 
pletely as  poffible  ;  to  have  all  thofe  well  aired. 
had  been  clofedfor  any  length  of  time;  to  have  iime 
thrown  into  the  privies ;  to  call  in,  when  the  diftxict 
mould  be   too  lars;e  for  the  members  I  :e  com* 

pliance  with  thofe  refolves,  fttch  affiftants  as  mil 
be    neceffary  ;  and  when  any  perfon,  whefe  houfe 
(juired  to  be  cleanfed,  and    who  was  able   to 
the  expenfe  thereof,  mould  refufe  or  neglect  t 


(     4i     ) 

ply  with  the  requisition  of  the  members  appointed  to 
carry  thofe  refolves  into  effect,  to  report  him  to  the 
next  grand  jury  for  the  city  and  county,  as  fupporting 
a  nuiiance  dangerous  to  the  public  welfare.  The  ailil- 
tant  committee  undertook  to  exert  themfelves  to  have 
thole  falutary  plans  put  into  execution  ;  they  have 
gone  through  the  city  and  liberties  for  the  purpofe  ; 
and  in  mod  cafes  have  found  a  readinefs  in  the  inha- 
bitants to  comply  with  a  requifition  of  fucli  impor- 
tance*. 

This  was  the  laft  act  of  the  committee  that  re- 
quires notice.  Their  bullnefs  has  fince  gone  on  in  a 
regular,  uniform  train,  every  day  like  the  paft. 
They  are  now  fettling  their  accounts,  and  are  prepar- 
ing to  furrender  up  their  truft,  into  the  hands  of  a 
town  meeting  of  their  fellow  citizens,  the  confritu- 
ents  by  whom  they  were  called  into  the  unprece- 
dented office  they  have  filled.  To  them  they  will  give 
an  account  of  their  ftewardfhip,  in  a  time  of  diftrefs, 
the  like  of  which  heaven  avert  from  the  people  of 
America  for  ever.  Doubtlefs,  a  can^jd  conftruction 
will  be  put  upon  their  conduct,  and  it  will  be  believed, 
that  they  have  acted  in  every  cafe  that  came  under 
their  cognizance,  according  to  the  beft  of  their  abi- 
lities. 

On  the  14th,  governor  Mifflin  publifhed  a  procla- 
mation, announcing,  that  as  it  had  pleafed  Almighty 
God  to  put  an  end  to  the  grievous  calamity  which 
recently  afflicted  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  it  was  the 
duty  of  all  who  were  truly  fenfible  of  the  divine 
mercy,  to  employ  the  earlieit  moments  of  returning 
health,  in  devout  expreflions  of  penitence,  fubmiflion, 
and  gratitude.  He  therefore  appointed  Thurfday,  the 

*The  utmoPc  exertions  of  the  mnoiftrates.  and  of  the  citizens 
generally  are  neceii'uy  to  guard  againft  the  deplorable  con<e 
qaenccs  that  may  arife  in  the  fpriing  from  the  neglect  of  a  few 
whofe  fupineneis  renders  them  deaf  to  every  call  of  dulv  m 
this  refpee't.  The  beds  fecrcted  by  the  nurfes  who  attended  the 
fick,  are  1  Wew i 'e  a  fruitful  fource  of  danger,  and  demand  the 
greated  vigilance  from  every -p?rfb;i  inverted  with  anthoritv  :o 
watch  over  the  public  fafety. 

F 


(     42      ) 

i2tli  of  Dccemberf,  as  a  day  of  general  humiliation,. 
tjbankfgiving,  and  prayer,  and  earneftly  exhorted 
and  intreated  his  fellow  citizens  "  to  abftain,  on  that 
day,  from  all  worldly  avocations,  and'  to  unite  in 
confefling,  with  contrite  hearts,  their  manifold  fins 
and  tranfgreilions — in  acknowledging,  with  thankful 
adoration,  the  mercy  and  goodnefs  of  the  Supreme 
Ruler  of  the  univerfe,  more  efpecially  manifelted  in 
our  late  deliverance;  and  in  praying,  with  folemn 
zeal,  that  the  fame  mighty  power  would  be  gracioufly 
pleafed  to  init.il  into  our  minds  the  juft  principles  of 
our  duty  to  him  and  to  our  fellow  creatures  ;  to 
regulate  and  guide  all  our  actions  by  his.  holy  fpirit 
to  avert  from  all  mankind  the  evils  of  war,  peftilence 
and  famine ;  and  to  blefs  and  protect  us  in  the  en- 
joyment of  civil  and  religious  liberty." 

The  1 8th,  the  clergy  of  the  city  publifhed  an  ele- 
gant and  pathetic  addrefs,  recommending  that  the 
day  appointed  by  the  governor,  "  mould  be  fet  apart 
and  kept  holy  to  the  Lord,  not  merely  as  a  day  of 
thankfgiving,  |ior  that,  in  all  appearance,  it  had 
pleated  him,  of  his  infinite  mercy,  to  flay  the  rage 
of  the  malignant  diforder,  (when  we  had  well  nigh 
faid,  hath  God  forgot  to  be  gracious  ?) — but  alfo  as 
a  day  of  folemn  humiliation  and  prayer,  joined  with 
the  confeffion  of  our  manifold  fins,  and  of  our  neglect 
and  abufe  of  his  former  mercies  ;  together  with  tin- 
cere  refolutions  of  future  amendment  and  obedience 
to  his  holy  will  and  law's  ;  without  which  our  prayers, 
praifes,  and  thanldgivings  will  be  in  vain." 

The  26th  the  ailiflant  committee  pafled  fcveral 
very  judicious  and  falutary  refolves,  requiring  their 
members  in  their  feverai  diilricts  through  the  city 
and  liberties,  immediately  to  infpect,  the  condition 
of  all  taverns,  boarding  houfes,  and  other  buildings 

7  The  pionsobferv.mce  of  this  day,  by  an  aim  oft  total  cefla- 
lion  of  bisfinefs  (except  among  the  frieildSj  w no Te  {lores  gene- 
rally remained  open)  and  by  the  churches  being  univer (ally. fill- 
ed with  people  pouring  forth  the  effufions  of  their  gratitude  for 
the  1  .;  the  dreadful  fcourge,  exceeded  that  of  any  other 

of  thanUfssivihg  1  have  ever  known. 


(     43     ) 

in  which  the  late  contagious  difordcr  is  known  to 
have  been  ;  to  notify  the  owners  or  tenants,  to  have 
them  purified  and  cleanfed  ;  to  report  the  names 
of  fuch  as  mould  refufe  compliance,  and  alio  make 
report  of  every  houfe  fhut  up,  in  which  any  perfon 
is  known  to  have  lately  fickened  or  died.  They  caution- 
ed the  vendue  matters  not  to  fell,  and  the  public  not 
to  buy  any  clothes  or  bedding  belonging  to  perfons 
lately  deceafed,  until  they  know  that  the  fame  has 
been  fuuiciently  purified  and  aired. 

I  have  not  judged  it  neceffary  to  enter  into  a  minute 
detail  of  the  builnefs  of  the  committee  from  day  to  day. 
It  would  afford  little  gratification  to  the  reader.  It 
would  be,  for  feveral  weeks,  little  more  than  a  melan- 
choly hifcory  of  fifteen,  twenty,  thirty  applications 
daily,  for  coffins  and  carts  to  bury  the  dead,  who  had 
none  to  perform  that  laft  office  for  them — or  as  many 
applications  for  the  removal  of  the  lick  to  Bufii  hill. 
There  was  little  variety.  The  prefent  day  was  as  drea- 
ry as  the  pail: — and  the  profpecl  of  the'approaching  one 
was  equally  gloomy.  This  was  the  Hate  of  things  for  a 
long  time.  But  at  length  blighter  profpecls  dawned. 
The  diforder  decreafed  in  violence*  The  number  of 
the  lick  diminiihed.  New  cafes  became  rare.  The  fpirits 
of  the  citizens  revived — and  the  tide  of  migration  was 
once  more  turned.  Avifible  alteration  has  taken  place 
in, the  ftate  of  affairs  in  the  city.  Our  friends  return 
in  crouds.  Every  hour,  long-abfent  and  welcome  faces 
appear — and  in  many  iriftances,  thofe  of"  perfons, 
whom  public  fame  has  buried  for  weeks  pail.  The 
ftores,  fo  long  clofed,  are  nearly  all  opened  again. 
Many  of  the  country  merchants,  bolder  than  others, 
are  daily  venturing  in  to  their  old  place  of  fupply.  Ma'r- 
ket-ftrect  is  as  full  of  waggons  as  ufual.  The  cuftom- 
houfe,  for  weeks  nearly  deferted  by  our  mercantile 
people,  is  thronged  with  citizens  entering  their  veiTels 
and  goods.  The  ftreets,  too  long  the  abode  of  gloom 
and  defpair,  have  aflumed  the  buftle  fuited  to  thefea- 
fon.  Our  wharves  are  filed  with  velTels  loading  and 
unloading  their   rcfpeclive   cargoes.  And,  in  fine,  as 


(     41     ) 

every  thing,  in  the  early  ftage  of  the  diforder,  teemed 
calculated  to  add  to  the  general  confirmation ;  fo 
now,  on  the  contrary,  every  circumflance  has  a  ten- 
dency to  revive  the  courage  and  hopes  of  our  citi- 
zens. But  we  have  to  lament,  that  the  fame  fpirit  of 
exaggeration  and  lying,  that  prevailed  at  a  former 
period,  and  was  the  grand  caufe  of  the  harlh  meafiires 
adopted  by  our  filler  itates,  has  not  ceafed  to  operate  ; 
for  at  the  prefent  moment,  when  the  danger  is  en- 
tirely done  away,  the  credulous,  of  our  own  citizens 
full  abient,  and  of  the  country  people,  are  ftill  alarmed 
with  frightful  rumours,  of  the  diforder  raging  with  as 
much  violence  as  ever  ;  of  numbers  carried  off,  a  few 
hours  aiter  their  return  ;  and  of  new  cafes  daily  oc 
currinsr.  To  what  defisrn  to  attribute  thefe  fhameful 
tales,  1  know  not.  Were  1  to  regard  them  in  a  fpirit 
of  refentment,  I  mould  be  inclined  to  charge  them  to 
fome  fecret,  interefted  views  of  their  authors,  intent, 
if  pofTible.  to  effect  the  entire  deftruction  of  our  city* 
But  I  will  not  allow  myfelf  to  confider  them  in  this 
point  of  light — and  will  even  fupoofe  they  arife  from 
a  pronenefs  to  terrific  narration,  natural  to  fome  men* 
But  they  mould  confider,  that  we  are  in  the  fituation. 
of  the  frogs  in  the  fable — while  thofe  tales,  which 
make  the  hair  of  the  country  people  ftandon  end,  are 
iport  to  the  fabricators,  they  are  death  to  us.  And  I 
here  aiTert,  and  defy  contradiction,  that  of  the  whole 
number  of  our  fugitive  citizens,  who  have  already 
returned,  amounting  to  fome  thoufands,  not  above 
two  perfons  are  dead — and  thefe  owe  their  fate  to  the 
moft  fhamcful  neglect  of  airing  and  cleanfinrr  their 
houfes,  notwithstanding  the  various  cautions  publifh- 
cd  by  the  committee.  If  people  will  venture  into  houfes 
in  which  infected  air  has  been  pent  up  for  weeks  to- 
gether, without  any  purification,  we  cannot  be  fur- 
prized  at  the  conferences,  however  fatal  they  may 
be.  But  let  not  the  catailrorhc  of  a  few  incautious 
pcrfoiis  operate  to  bring  discredit  on  a  city  containing 
above  fifty  thoufand  people. 


(   45   j 

C  H  A  P.  IX.    Extravagant   letters  from  Philadelphia* 
Credulity  put  to  the  iejbt 

THAT  I  might  not  interrupt  the  chain  of  events  in 
Philadelphia,  I  have  deferred,  till  now,  giving  an 
account  of  the  proceedings  in  the  feveral  hates,  res- 
pecting our  fugitives.  As  an  introduction  thereto,  I 
ik:.\\  prefix  a  ihort  chapter  refpecling  thofe  letters, 
'which  excited  the  terror  of  our  neighbours,  and  im- 
pelled them  to  more  fevere  meafures  than  they  would 
ctherwife  have  adopted. 

Great  as  wtis  the  calamity  of  Philadelphia,  it  was 
magmiled  in  the  moft  extraordinary  manner.  The 
hundred  tongues  of  rumour  were  never  more  fuccefs- 
fuily  employed,  than  on  this  melancholy  occaiion.  The 
terror  of  the  inhabitants  of  all  the  neighbouring  Hates 
was  excited" by  letters  from  this  city,  diftributed  by 
every  mail,  rnanv'qf  which  told  tales  of  woe,  whereof 
hardly  a  fingle  cmcumfrance  was  true,  but  which 
were  every  where  received  with  implicit  faith.  The 
diftrefies  of  the  city,  and  the  fatality  of  the  diibrder, 
were  exaggerated  as  it  were  to  fee  how  far  credulity 
could  be  carried.  The  plague  of  London  was,  accor- 
ding to  rumour,  hardly  more  fatal  than  our  yellow 
fever.  Our  citizens  died  fo  faft,  that  there  was  hard- 
ly enough  of  people  to  bury  them.  Ten,  or  fifteen,  or 
wore,  were  faid  to  be  caft  into  one  hole  together,  like 
fomany  dead  beafts*.  One  man,  whole  feelings  were 
fo  compofed,  as  to   be  facetious  on  the  iubjcctj  ac- 

*  The  following     extract     appeared    in   a    Norfolk   paper 
about  the  middle  of  September  : 
Extract   of  a  fetter  from  Philadelphia,  to  a  gentleman  in  'Norfolk. 

Sept.  9. 

u  Half  the  inhabitants  of  this  city  have  already  fled  to 
<c  different  parts,  on  account  of  the  peitilential  diibrder  that 
"  prevails  here.  The  few  citizens  who  remained  in  this  place, 
"'die  in  abundance,  fo  faff  that  they  drag  them  isjjay,  like  d.jr.d 
<f  beaftt,  and  put  ten,  or  ff icen,  or  more,  in  a  hole  together.  ZiU  ike 
t( fiorts  are  flint  up.  I  am  afraid  tids  city  will  be  ruined  :  for 
4<  nobody  will  come  near  it  hereafter.  I  am  this  day  removing 
11  my  family  from  this  fetal  place."  1  am  Strongly  inclined  to 
imaging  that  this  later  Was  the  csjiufe  of  the  Virginia  pi oela* 
niation. 


(     46     ) 

quainted  a  correfpondent,  in  New  York,  that  the 
only  bufinefs  carrying  on,  was  grave  digging,  or  ra- 
ther pitdigging-f.  And  at  a  time  when  the  deaths  did 
not  exceed  from  forty  to  fifty  daily,  many  men  had 
the  modefty  to  write,  and  others,  throughout  the  con- 
nent,  the  credulity  to  believe,  that  we  buried  from  one 
hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty*.  Thoufands  were 
fwept  off  in   three  or  four  weeks  J.  And  the  nature 

+  From  a  New  York  paper  of  October  z. 

Extrafi  of  a  letter  from  a  gentleman  in  Philadelphia,  dated  Sep- 
tember 23. 
"  The  papers  mud  have  amply  informed  you  of  the  melan- 
"  choly  fituation  of  this  city  for  five  or  fix  weeks  pad.  Grape- 
'*  di££":g  has  been  the  only  bufinefs  carrying  on  ;  and  indeed 
'*  I  may  fay  of  late,  plt'digging,  where  people  are  interred 
**•  indiscriminately  in  three  tiers  of  coffins,  from  the  moft  ac- 
iC  curate  obfervations  I  can  make  upon  matters,  1  think  I 
"  fpeak  within  bounds,  when  I  fay,  eighteen  hundred  perfons 
u  have  perifhed  (I  do  not  fay  all  of  the  yellow  fever)  fince 
**  its  firft  appearance.-*' 

*  From  the  Maryland  Journal,  of  Sept.  i",th. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Philadelphia,  dated  Sept.  20th, 
u  The  diforder  feems  to  be  much  the  fame  in  this  place  as 
*'  when  I  laft  wrote  you  :  about  1500  have  fallen  victilHS  t©  it. 
"  Lait  Sunday,  Monday,  and  Tuefday,  there  were  not  lefs  than 
"  350  died  with  this  fevere  diforder  !  !  !  As  I  informed  yon  be- 
"  fore,  this  is  the  moft  diftreffed  place  I  ever  beheld.  Whole  fa- 
<(  milies_go  in  the  diforder,  in  the  courfe  of  twelve  hours.  For 
u  your  own  fakes,  ufe  all  pofiible  means  to  keep  it  out  of  Bal- 
*'  timore." 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Philadelphia,  of  the  fame  date  : 
<(  The  malignant  fever  which  prevails  here,  is  {till  increa- 
"  fing.  Report  fays,  that  above  one  hundred  have  been  buried 
"  per  clay  for  fome  time  paft.  It  is  now  thought  to  be  more 
**  infectious  than  ever.  I  think  you  ought  to  be  very  careful 
"  with  refpect  to  admitting  perfens  from  Philadelphia  int» 
'*  your  town." 

J  From  aChcfertown  paper,  cf  Sjpt.  10. 
Extract  of  a  letter  from  a  rcfpeflable  young  mechanic,  in  Phila- 
delphia, to  his  friend  in  this  town,  dated  the  $th  inf. 
'*  It  is  now  a  very  mortal  time  in  this  city.  Theyellow  fever 
''hath  killed  fome  thoufands  of  the  inhabitants.  Eight  thoufand 
"  mechanics,  btfides  other  people,  have  left  the  town.  Every 
"  mafter  in  the  city,  of  our  branch  of  bufinefs,  is  gone."  The 
"fome  thoufands"  that  were  hilled  at  that  time,  did  not  amount 
U>  three  hundred.  The  authentic  information  in  this  letter,  was 


(     47     ) 

and  danger  of  the  diforder,  were  as  much  mifreprc- 
fented,  as  the  number  of  the  dead.  It  was  faid,  in  de- 
fiance of  every  day's  experience,  to  be  as  inevitable 
by  all  expofed  to  the  contagion,  as  the  ftroke  of  fate. 
The  credulity  of  fome,  the  pronenefs  to  exaggera- 
tion of  others,  and  I  am  forry,  extremely  forry  to 
believe,  the  interefled  views  of  a  few*,  will  account 
for  thefe  letters. 

CHAP.    X.  Proceedings  at  Che/iertown — At  New  York 
— At  Trenton  and  Lamberton — At  Baltimore. 

THE  effects  produced  by  thofe  tales,  were  fuch 
as  might  be  reasonably  expected.  The  confter- 
nation  fpread  though  the  feveral  ftates  like  wild-lire. 
The  firft  public  act  that  took  place  on  the  fubject,  as 
far  as  I  can  learn,  was  at  Cheitertown,  in  Maryland. 
At  this  place,  a  meeting  was  held  on  the  i  oth  of  Sep- 
tember, and  feveral  refolves  entered  into,  which,  after 
fpecifying  that  the  diforder  had  extended  to  Trenton, 
Princeton,  Woodbridge,  and  Elizabeth-town,  on  the 
poft  road  to  New  York,  directed,  that  notice  fliould 
be  fent  to  the  owners  of  the  ftages  not  to  allow  them 
to  pafs  through  the  town,  while  there  fhould  be  reafon 
to  expect  danger  therefrom  ;  and  that  a  committee 
of  health  and  infpecticn  mould  be  appointed,,  to 
provide  for  the  relief  of  fuch  poor  inhabitants  as 
might  take  the  diforder,  and  iikewife  for  fuch  ftran- 
gers  as  might  be  infected  with  it.  In  confequence  of 
thefe  refolves,  the  Eaftern  more  line  of  ftages  was  ft  opt 
in  the  courfe  of  a  few  days  afterwards. 

The   alarm   in   New  York   was   firft  officially  an- 
nounced by  a  letter  from  the  mayor  to  the  practiling 

circulated  in  every  ftate  in  the  union,  by  the  news  papers. 
From  the  date,  I  fafpect  this  letter  to  have  been  the  oceaiiori 
of  the  Chefteitown  refolves. 

*  As  this  charge  is  extremely  pointed,  it  may  be  re<]uifite  to 
ftate  the  foundation  of  it,  for  the  reader  to  form  his  opinion 
xipon.  Some  of  the  letters  from  Philadelphia  about  this  time, 
were  written  by  perfons,  whofe  intereil  it  was  to  injure  the 
city,  and  gave  llatements  (b  very  different,  even  from  the  very 
wor!t  rumours  prevailing  here,  that  it  was  morally  impodible  the 
writers  thcmfelve-s  could  have  believed  their.. 


(     43     ) 

phyficians,  dated  Sept.  i : ,  in  which  he  requeued  therri 
to  report  to  him  in  writing  the  names  of  all  fuch. 
perfons  as  had  arrived,  or  mould  arrive  from  Phila- 
delphia, or  any  other  place,  by  land  or  water,  and  were 
or  mould  be  lick  ;  that  fuch  as  mould  be  deemed  fub-^ 
jects  of  infectious  difeafes,  might  be  removed  out  of 
the  city.  He  notified  them,  that  the  corporation  had 
taken  meafures  to  provide  a  proper  place  as  an  hol- 
pital,  for  fuch  perfons  as  might  unhappily  become 
fubjccls  of  the  fever  in  New  York.  In  this  letter  the 
mayor  declared  his  opinion  clearly,  that  the  inter- 
courfe  with  Philadelphia,  could  not  be  lawfully  inter- 
rupted by  any  power  in  the  ftate.  The  1 2th  appeared 
a  proclamation  from  governor  Clinton,  which,  re- 
ferring to  the  "  act  to  prevent  the  bringing  in,  and 
"  fprcading  of  infectious  diforders,"  prohibited,  in 
the  terms  of  that  act,  all  veffels  from  Philadelphia, 
to  approach  nearer  to  the  city  of  New  York,  than 
Bedlow's  ill  and,  about  two  miles  diftant,  till  duly  dif- 
charged.  The  filence  of  this  proclamation,  reflecting 
paffengers  by  land,  feemed  to  imply  that  the  gover- 
nor's opinion  on  the  fubject,  was  the  fame  as  that  of 
the  mayor. 

The  fame  day,  at  a  meeting  of  the  citizens,  the 
ncceility  of  taking  fome  precautions  was  unanimouf- 
ly  agreed  upon,  and  a  committee  of  feven  appoint- 
ed to  report  a  plan  to  a  meeting  to  beheld  next  day. 
Their  report,  which  was  unanimoufly  agreed  to, 
the  13th,  recommended  to  hire  two  phyiicians,  to 
afiift  the  phyfician  of  the  port  in  his  examination  of 
veffels  ;  to  check,  as  much  as  poflible,  the  intercourfe 
by  ftages ;  to  acquaint  the  proprietors  of  the  fou- 
thern  itages,  that  it  was  the  earneft  wiih  of  the  inha- 
bitants, that  their  carriages  and  boats  fhould  not  pals 
during  the  prevalence  of  the  diforder  in  Philadelphia  ; 
and  to  rcqueft  the  practitioners  of  phyfic  to  report, 
without  fail,  every  cafe  of  fever,  to  which  they 
might  be  called,  occurring  in  any  perfons  that  had  or 
might  arrive  from  Philadelphia,  or  have  intercourfe 
with  them.  Not  fatisficd  with  thefe  meafures,  the 
corporation,  on  the  17th,  came  to  a  refolution  to  (top 


{     A9     ) 

\  the  two   cities  ;    and  for  t 
ards  were  placed  at  the    different   land*- 
ings,  v.  tars  to  tend  back  every  perfon  coming 

from  I  kia  ;   and  it   any  were  difcovered  to 

i  after  that,  date,  they  were  to  be  direct- 
ly "Ihofe  who  took  in  lodgers,  were  cal- 
upbn   I  information  of  all  people  of  the 
nn,    under  pain   of  being  profeeuted 
•  law.   All  good  citizens  were  required  to 
&tion  to  the  mayor,  or  any  member  ol 
3  of  any  breach  in  the  premifes= 
Thc.'e  -l/icl  precautions  being  eluded   by  the  fears 
and               lance  of  the  fugitives  from  Philadelphia. 
on  the   23d  there  was  a  n  held,   of  delegates 

1  of  the  city,  in  order  to  adopt 
moi  .At  this  meeting,  it  was  refcl- 

■ifh  a  night  watch  of  not  lefs  than  ten  citi- 
zens in  each  ward,  to  guard  againft  every  attempt  to 
enter  under  cover  of  darknefs.'Not  yet  eafedof  their 
r  published  air  addrefs,    in   which 
ioned,  that  notwithftanding  their  utrrioi: 
e  many  perfon  5  had  been  clandeftinely  landed 
.  New  York  ifb.nd.  They  therefore 
aga  upon  their  fellow  citizens  to  be  cautious 

i  ved  itrangers  into  their  houfes  ;  not  to 
it  all  fuch  to  the  mayor  immediately  up- 
. on  tacjr    arrival;    to  remember  the   importance   of 
the  ftceafion  \  and  to  coniider  what  reply  they  mould 
maker  .-Tentmcht  of  their  fellow  citizens, 

-  might  expofe  by  a  criminal  neglect, 
kewiie  declared  their  expecta- 
tion, that  tbofc  who  kept- the  different  ferries  oil 

and  Staten  illand,  would  pay 
fuch  their  addrefs,  as  not  to  transport 

i  but    10  the  public  landings,  and  that  in 
in   and  fun.  The  30th  they 
.'.i\y^  the  various" 
.  \ — the  nature  of  the  dif- 
i  ha  i  died  out  of  3 
communicating  it    to  any  one. 
blved,  that 
G 


(     50    ) 

and  clothing,  packed  up  in  Philadelphia,  mould, 
previous  to  their  being  brought  into  New  York, 
be  unpacked  and  expoied  to  the  open  air  in  fome 
well-ventilated  place,  for  at  leaft  48  hours  ;  that  all 
linen  or  cotton  clothes,  or  bedding,  which  had  been 
ufed,  fhould  be  well  wafhed  in  feveral  waters  ;  and 
afterwards,  that  the  whole,  both  fuch  as  had  been 
and  fuch  as  had  not  been  ufed,  fliould  be  hung  up  in 
a  clofe  room,  and  well  fnioked  with  the  fumes  of 
brimftone  for  one  day,  and  after  that  again  expofed 
for  at  leaft  twenty  four  hours  to  the  open  air  ;  and 
that  the  boxes,  trunks,  or  chefts,  in  which  they  had 
been  packed,  mould  be  cleaned  and  aired  in  the  fame 
manner  ;  after  which,  being  repacked,  and  fuch  evi- 
dence given  of  their  purification,  as  the  committee 
mould  require,  permiflion  might  be  had  to  bring  them 
into  the  city. 

The  nth  of  October,  they  likewife  refolved,  that 
they  would  confider  and  publifh  to  the  world,  as  ene- 
mies to  the  welfare  of  the  city,  and  the  lives  of  its  in- 
habitants, all  thofe  who  mould  be  fo  felfifh  and  hardy, 
as  to  attempt  to  introduce  any  goods,  wares,  mer- 
chandize, bedding,  baggage,  S:c.  imported  from,  or 
packed  up  in  Philadelphia,  contrary  to  the  rules  pre- 
fcribed  by  that  body,  who  were,  they  faid,  deputed 
to  exnrefs  the  will  of  their  fellow  citizens.  They 
recommended  to  the  inhabitants  to  withftand  any 
temptation  of  profit,  which  might  attend  the  purchafe 
of  goods  in  Philadelphia,  as  no  emolument  to  an  in- 
dividual, they  added,  could  warrant  the  hazard  to 
which  fuch  conduct  might  expofe  the  city.  Besides 
all  thefe  refolves,  they  publifhed  daily  ftatenients  of 
the  health  of  the  city,  to  allay  the  fears  of  their  fel- 
low citizens. 

On  the  14th  of  November,  the  committee  refolved, 
that  paffengers  coming  from  Philadelphia  to  New 
York,  might  be  admitted,  in  future,  together  with 
their  wearing  apparel,  without  any  refiriction  as  to 
time,  until  further  orders  from  the  committee. 

The  20th,  they  declared  that    they  were  happy 
announce  to  their  fellow  citizens,  that  health  was 


(     5*     ) 

flored  to  Philadelphia  ;  but  that  real  danger  was  full 
to  be  apprehended  from  the  bedding  and  clothing 
of  thofe  who  had  been  ill  of  the  malignant  fever  ;  and 
that  they  had  received  fatisfactory  information,  that 
attempts  had  been  made  to  fhip  on  freight  confidera- 
ble  quantities  of  beds  and  bedding  from  Philadelphia 
for  their  city.  They  therefore  refolved  that  it  was  in- 
expedient, to  admit  the  introduction  of  beds  or  bed- 
ding of  any  kind,  or  feathers  in  bags,  or  otherwife  ; 
alfo,  fecond-hand  wearing  apparel  of  every  fpecies, 
coming  from  places  infected  with  the  yellow  fever  ; 
and  that  whofoever  mould  attempt  fo  high-handed  an 
offence  as  to  bring  them  in,  and  endanger  the  lives 
and  health  of  the  inhabitants,  would  juftly  merit  their 
refentment  and  indignation. 

The  inhabitants  of  Trenton  and  Lambertcn  affoci- 
ated  on  the  13th  of  September,  and  on  the  17th  paffed 
feveral  refolutions  to  guard  themfelves  againft  the  con- 
tagion. They  refolved  that  a  total  ftop  ihould  be  put 
to  the  landing  of  all  perfons  from  Philadelphia,  at 
any  ferry  or  place  from  Lamberton  to  Howell's  ferry, 
four  miles  above  Trenton;  that  the  intercourfe  by 
water  ihould  be  prohibited  between  Lamberton,  or 
the  head  of  tide  water,  and  Philadelphia  ;  and  that 
all  boats  from  Philadelphia,  mould  be  prevented  from 
landing  either  goods  or  paffengers  any  where  between 
Bordentown  and  the  head  of  tide  water  ;  that  no  per- 
fon  whatever  mould  be  permitted  to  come  from  Phi- 
ladelphia, or  Kenfington,  while  the  fever  continued  ; 
that  all  perfons  who  mould  go  from  within  the  limits 
of  the  affociation,  to  either  of  thofe  places,  mould  be 
prevented  from  returning  during  the  continuance  of 
the  fever  ;  and  finally,  that  their  ftanding  committee 
fhould  enquire  whether  any  perfons,  not  inhabitants, 
who  had  lately  come  from  places  infected,  and  were 
therefore  likely  to  be  infected  themfelves,  were  within 
the  limits  of  the  affociation,  and  if  fo,  that  they  mould 

•)liged  inftantly  to  leave  the  faid  limits. 
The  1 2th  of  September,  the  governor  of  Maryland 
publimed  a  proclamation,  fubjccHng  all  veflels  from 

adelphia  to  the  performance  of  a  quarantine,  not 


I     Sn~ .  ) 

not  exceeding  forty  days,  or  a 

be  judged  fafc  by  the  health  office:'.:.  It  further    or- 
dered, that  ail  perfons  going  to  Baltimore,  to  Havre 
de  Grace,  to  the  head  of  Elk,  or,  by  any  other  route, 
making  their  way  into  that  ftate  from  Philadelp] 
or  any  other  place  known  to  be   infettc  d   with    the 
malignant  fever,   mould  be  fubject  to  be   examined, 
and   prevented  from  proceeding,  by  per-fons   to  be 
appointed  for  that  purpofe,  and  who   were  to  take 
the  advice  and  opinion  of  the  medical  faculty  in  c 
ry   cafe,  in  order  that  private   affairs  and  purfuiti 
might  not  be  unneceffarily  impeded.  This  proclaim 
tion  appointed  two  health  officers  for  Baltimore. 

The  people  of  Baltimore  met  the  1 3th  of  Ser  I 
bcr,  and  refolved  that  none  of  their  citizens  mould 
receive  into  their  houfes  any  perfons  coming  from 
Philadelphia,  or  other  infected  place,  without  _pro- 
ducing  a  certificate  from  the  health  officer,  or  officer 
of  patrcle  ;  and  that  any  perfon  who  violated  that 
refolve,  fhould  be  held  up  to  public  view,  as  a  pro- 
per object,  for  the  refentment  of  the  town.  The  14th, 
a  party  of  militia  was  difpatched  to  take  pofleffion  of 
a  pafs  on  the  Philadelphia  road,  about  twe  miles  from 
Baltimore,  to  prevent  the  entrance  of  any  paffeng 
from  Philadelphia  without  licenfe'.  Dr.  Worthington, 
the  health  officer  ftationed  at  this  pafs,  was  directed  to 
refufe  permiflion  to  perfons  afHictcd  with  any  mr~ 
nant  complaint,  or  who  had  not  been  abfent  from  Phi- 
ladelphia, or  other  infected  place,  at  leaf!  feven  days. 
The*  weftern  more  line  of  Philadelphia  ftages  was  flop- 
ped about  the   18th  or  19th.  ■ 

The  30th,  the  committee  of  health  refolved  that  no 
inhabitant  of  Baltimore,  who  (hoyld  vifit  perfons  from. 
Philadelphia,  while  performing  quarantine,  fhouki 
be  permitted  to  enter  the  town,  until  the  time  of 
quarantine  was  expired,  and   until  y  rtainly 

known  that  the  perfons  he  had  vifited  were  free  from 
the  infection  ;  and  that  thenceforward  no  goods  c 
ble  of  conveying  infection,  that  had  been  landed  or 
packed  up  in  Philadelphia,  or  other  infected  pis 
fhould  be  permitted  to  enter  the  to  *vn — nor  fhc 


(     53     ) 

baggage  of  travellers  be  admitted,  until  it  had 
been  expofed  to  the  open  air  fuch  length  of  time  as 
the  health  officer  might  direct. 

[AP.   XT.  Proceedings  at  Havre  de  Grace — At  Ha- 
— At  Alexandria— At  Wi,  — At  Bo/Ion — » 

At  Nswburyport — In  Rhode  I/land — At  Newbern — At 
C hark /ion — In  Georgia. — Fajiing  and  prayer. 

THE  25th  of  September,  the  inhabitants  of  Havre 
de  Grace  refolvedthat  noperfon  mould  be  allow- 
ed to  crofsthe  Sufquehannah  river  at  that  town,  who 
did  not  bring  a  certificate  of  his  not  having  lately 
come  from  Philadelphia,  or  any  other  infected  place  ; 
and  that  the  citizens  of  Havre  would  embody  them- 
felves  to  prevent  any  one  from  crofiing  without  fuch  a 
certificate. 

At  Ilagerftown,  on  the  3d  of  October,  it  was  re- 
folved,  that  no  citizen  mould  receive  into  his  houfe 
any  perfon  coming  from  Philadelphia,  fuppofed  to 
be  infected  with  the  malignant  fever,  until  he  or  me 
produced  a  certificate  from  a  health  officer  ;  that  mould 
*ny  citizen  contravene  the  above  refolution,  he  ihould 
be  profcribed  from  allfociety  with  his  fellow  citizens  ; 
that  the  clothing  fent  to  the  troops  then  in  that  town, 
mould  not  be  received  there,  nor  fufFered  to  come 
within  feven  miles  thereof ;  that  if  any  -perfon  from 
■adelphia,  or  other  infected  place,  mould  arrive 
there,  he  mould  be  required  inftantly  to  depart,  and 
in  cafe  of  refufal  or  neglect,  be  compelled  to  go  with- 
out delay  :  that  no  merchant,  or  other  perfon,  mould 
be  fuffered  to  bring  into  the  town,  or  open  therein, 
Any  goods  brought  from  Philadelphia,  or  other  in- 
fected place,  until  permitted  by  their  committee  ;  and 
that  the  citizens  of  the  town,  and  its  vicinity,  fhould 
enrol  themfelves  as  a  guard,  and  patrole  fuch  re 
and  paffes  as  the  committee  fhould  direct. 

The  governor  of  Virginia,  on-  the  17th    of  Sep* 
tember,  iffued  a  proclamation,  ordering  all  veflcls  fr 
Philadelphia,  the  Grenades,  and  the  ifland  of  \ 
xo  perform  a  quarantine  of  twenty   days,  at  the 


(     89     ) 

chorage  ground,  off  Craney  ifland,  near  the  mouth 
cf  Elizabeth  river. 

The  corporation  of  Alexandria  Rationed  a  look-out 
boat,  to  prevent  all  veffels  bound  to  that  port,  from 
approaching  nearer  than  one  mile,  until  after  examin- 
ation by  the  health  officer. 

The  people  of  Winchefter  placed  guards  at  every 
avenue  of  the  town  leading  from  the  Patomac,  to 
flop  all  fufpected  perfons,  packages,  &c.  coming  from 
Philadelphia,  till  the  health  officers  fhould  infpect 
them,  and  either   forbid  or  allow  them  to  pafs. 

The  le2"iflature  of  Maffachufetts  were  in  feffion,  at 
the  time  the  alarm  fpread  ;  and  they  accordingly  paf- 
fed  an  exprefs  act  for  guarding  againft  the  impending 
danger.  This  act  authorifed  the  felectmen  in  the 
different  towns  to  ftop  and  examine  any  perfons,  bag- 
gage, merchandize,  or  effects,  coming  orfuppofed  to  be 
coming  into  the  towns  refpectively,  from  Philadelphia, 
or  other  place  infected,  or  fuppofed  to  be  infected  ;  and 
fhould  it  appear  to  them,  or  to  any  officers  whom 
they  fhould  appoint,  that  any  danger  of  infection  was 
to  be  apprehended  from  fuch  perfons,  effects,  bag- 
gage, or  merchandize,  they  were  empowered  to  de- 
tain or  remove  the  fame  to  fuch  place  as  they  might 
fee  proper,  in  order  that  they  might  be  purified  from 

action  ;  or  to  place  any  perfons  fo  coming,  in  fuch 
places,  and  under  fuch  regulations  as  they  might 
judge  neceffary  for  the  public  fafety.  In  purfuance  of 
this  act,  the  governor  iffued  a  proclamation  to  carry 
it  into  effect,  the  21ft  of  September. 

The  felectmen  of  Bofton,  on  the  24th,  publifhed 
their  regulations  of  quarantine,  which  ordered,  that 
on  the  arrival  of  any  veffel  from  Philadelphia,  fhe 
fhould  be  detained  at,  or  near  Rainsford's  Ifland, 
to  perform  a  quarantine  not  exceeding  thirty  days, 
during  which  time  ilie  fhould  be  cleanied  with  vine- 
gar, and  the  expibfion  of  gunpowder  between  the 
decks  and  in  the  cabin,  even  though  there  were  no 
fick  perfons  onboard  ;  that  in  cafe  there  were,  they 
fhould  be  removed  to  an  hpfpital,  where  they  fhould 
be  detained  till  they  recovered  or  were  long  enough 


(     55    ) 

to  ascertain  that  they  had  not  the  infection ;  that 
every  veflel,  performing  quarantine,  mould  be  depriv- 
ed of  its  boat,  and  no  boat  fuffered  to  approach  it, 
but  by  fpecial  permiflion  ;  that  if  any  perfon  mould 
efcape  from  veffels  performing  quarantine,  he  mould 
be  inftantly  advertifed,  in  order  that  he  might  be  ap- 
prehended; that  any  perfons  coming  by  land  from 
Philadelphia,  mould  not  be  allowed  to  enter  Bofton, 
until  twenty  one  days  after  their  arrival,  and  their 
effects,  baggage,  and  merchandize  mould  be  opened, 
warned  with  vinegar,  and  fumigated  with  repeated 
explofions  of  gunpowder.  In  the  conclufion,  the  felect- 
men  called  upon  the  inhabitants  "  to  ufe  their  utmoft 
vigilance  and  activity  to  bring  to  condign  punifhment, 
any  perfon  who  fhould  be  fo  daring  and  loft  to  every 
idea  of  humanity,  as  to  come  into  the  town  from 
any  place  fuppofed  to  be  infected,  thereby  endanger- 
ing the   lives  of  his  fellow  men." 

The  23d  of  September,  the  felectmen  of  Newbury- 
port  notified  the  pilots  not  to  bring  any  veffels  from 
Philadelphia,  higher  up  Merrimack  river,  than  the 
black  rocks,  until  they  mould  be  examined  by  the 
health  officer,  and  a  certificate  be  obtained  from  him, 
of  their  bein^  free  from  infection. 

The  governor  of  Rhode  Hland,  the  21ft  of  Sep- 
tember, iflued  a  proclamation,  directing  the  town 
councils  and  other  officers,  to  ufe  their  iitmoft  vigi- 
lance to  caufe  the  law  to  prevent  the  fpreading  of  con- 
tagious diforders  to  be  moft  ftrictly  executed,  more  ef- 
pecially  with  refpect  to  all  veffels  which  mould  arrive 
in  that  ftate,  from  the  Weft  Indies,  Philadelphia,  and 
New- York ;  the  extenfion  to  the  latter  place  was  ow- 
ing to  the  danger  apprehended  from  the  intercourie 
between  it  and  Philadelphia. 

The  28th  of  September,  the  governor  of  North 
Carolina  publilhed  his  proclamation,  requiring  the 
commiffioners  of  navigation  in  the  different  ports 
of  the  faid  ftate,  to  appoint  certain  places,  where  all 
veffels  from  the  port  of  Philadelphia,  or  any  other 
place  in   which  the  malignant  fever  might  pre/ail, 


(    5^    ; 

ihould   perform    quarantine    for   fud  iber   of 

days  as  they  might  think  proper. 

;•  commiflioneis  of  Newbern,  on  the  301];  of 
September,  ordered  that  until  full  liberty  fhi 
giyenj  veilels  arriving  from  Philadelphia,  or  any 
•  tiei  place  in  which  an  infectious  difcrder  might  be, 
mould,  under  a  penalty  of  five  hundred  pounds,  flop 
and  come  to  anchor  at  leaft  one  mile  below  the  town, 
and  there  perform  a  quarantine  for  at  leaft  ten  days, 
unle  captains  fhould  produce  from  mfpectors 

>urpofe, a  certificate  that  in  th 
nioi  'Snt5  v-i!-h  fofety  to  the  inhabitants, 

proceed  to  the  town  or  harbour,  and  there  land 'their 
pafTengers  or  cargo.  The  1 3 th  of  October,  they  or- 
chr sd,  thatvif  any  free  mail  mould  go  on  board 

'.Dai  Philadelphia,  &e.  drfiiould  bring 'frotn 
.  eiiel,  any  goods  or  merchandize, 
fore  me  was  permitted  to  land  her  cargo  or  pail 
he  ihould,  for  every  offence,  forfeit  five  pound".  ;  arid 
nave  Ihould  offend  as  above,  he  Ihould  be  lia- 
ble to  be  whipped  not  exceeding  fifty  laihes,  rncl 
mailer  to  pay  live  poun- .'. 

The  rov:enorofS.  Carolina,  pub'" Hied  a  pi 
ing  Philadelphia  veffels  to  ounv 
date  of  which.!  cannot  afcertam.  The  inha  ;: 

Cliarlefton,  on  the  Sth  of  Oct 
at  which  tliey  reiblved,  that  no  vei 
Delaware,    either  directly  or    after 
ac  a  r  pert  of  the  united  Hates,  motile1 

ted  to  pals  Ch  a  till  the  citizens 

:d,    and  declare. 

laaaphia.  If  2 
trary  thereto,    ihould    croij   the  bar,  the 
mould  be  requeued  u .compel  it  te 
return  to  lea. 

The  governor  of  Georgia, 
puLiifned  a  proclamation,  ofd; 
ph:a,v.:  aldarrl. 

ain  in  3  sek,  or  in  c 

■ 


C    57    ) 

contravening  this  proclamation, were  to  be  profecuted, 
and  fubjected  to  the  pains  and  penalties  by  law  point- 
ed out. 

The  people  of  Augufta,  in  that  ftate,  were  as  active 
and  vigilant  as  their  northern  neighbours,  to  guard 
againft  the  threatening  danger. 

The  inhabitants  of  Reading,  in  this  ftate,  had  a 
meeting  the  24th  of  September,  and  paned  fundry  re- 
folutions,  viz.  that  no  dry  goods  mould  be  imported 
into  that  borough,  from  Philadelphia,  or  any  other 
place  infected  with  a  malignant  fever,  until  the  expi- 
ration of  one  month  from  that  date,  unlefs  permiffion 
was  had  from  the  inhabitants  convened  at  a  town  meet- 
ing ;  that  no  perfons  from  Philadelphia,  or  any  other 
infected  place,  fhould  be  allowed  to  enter,  until  they 
mould  have  undergone  the  examination  of  a  phyfici- 
an,  and  obtained  his  opinion  of  their  being  free  from 
infection  ;  that  no  itage-waggon  fhould  be  permitted 
to  bring  paflengers  from  Philadelphia,  or  other  place 
infected,  into  the  borough  ;  and  that  all  communi- 
cation, by  ftages,  mould  be  difcontinuedforone  month, 
unlefs  fooner  permitted  by  the  inhabitants. 

At  Bethlehem,  a  meeting  was  held  on  the  26th  of 
September,  at  which  it  was  refolved,  that  perfons  from 
Philadelphia,  mould  perform  a  quarantine  of  twelve 
days,  before  their  entrance  into  the  town.  A  fimilar 
refolve  was  foon  after  entered  into  at  Na2areth.  But  at 
neither  place  was  it  obferved  with  any  ftrictnefs.  No 
guard  was  appointed.  And  the  aflertion  of  any  decent 
traveller,  apparently  in  health,  with  refpect  to  the  time 
of  his  abfence  from  Philadelphia,  was  confidered  as 
fufficient  to  be  relied  on,  without  reforting  to  formal 
proof. 

Various  precautions  were  obferved  in  other 
places ;  but  I  am  not  able  to  give  a  ftatement  of  them, 
not  having  procured  an,  account  of  their  refolves  or 
proceedings. 

The  calamity  of  Philadelphia,  while  it  roufed  the 
circumfpection  of  the  timid  in  various  places,  excited 
the  pious  to  offer  up  their  prayers  to  Almighty  God 
for  our  relief,  comfort,  and  lupport.  Various  days 
were  appointed  for  humiliation,  falling,  and  prayer, 

H 


(    53    ) 

for  this  purpofe.  In  New  York,  the  20th  of  Septem- 
ber ;  in  Bofton,  September  26th  ;  in  Albany,  the  ill  of 
October ;  in  Baltimore  the  3d  ;  in  Richmond,  the  9th ; 
in  Providence,  the  fame  day  ;  ths  fynod  of  Philadelphia 
fixed  on  the  24th  of  October ;  the  protectant  epifcopal 
churches  in  Virginia,  November  6  ;  the  Dutch  fynod 
-of  New  York,  November  1 3  ;  the  fynod  of  New  York 
and  New  Jerfey,  November  20.  At  Hartford,  daily 
prayers  were  offered  up  for  our  relief  for  fome   time, 

CHAP.  XII.  Conflift  between  the  law  of  felf  prcferm- 
tion  and  the  law  of  charity.  The  law  ef  charity  -viclo- 
rious, 

WHILE  our  citizens  were  profcribed  in  feve- 
ral  cities  and  towns — hunted  up  like  felons 
in  fome — debarred  admittance  and  turned  back  in 
others,  whether  found  or  infected — it  is  with  extreme 
fatisfaction  I  have  to  record  a  conduct  totally  diffe- 
rent, which  cannot  fail  to  make  an  indelible  im- 
.preflion  on  the  minds  of  the  people  of  Philadelphia, 
and  call  forth  the  moft  lively  emotions  of  gratitude. 

At  Woodbury,  in  New  Jerfey,  at  an  early  period 
of  the  diforder,  a  meeting  was  held  for  the  purpofe 
of  determining  on  what  fteps  were  requifite  to  be  ta- 
ken. A  motion  was  made  to  ftop  all  intercourfe  with 
Philadelphia.  But,  four  perfons  only  having  rifen  to 
fupport  it,  it  dropped,  and  our  citizens  were  allowed 
free  entrance. 

A  refpectable  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Spring- 
field, in  New  Jerfey,  met  the  firft  day  of  October, 
-and  after  a  full  confederation  of  the  diftreffes  of  cur 
citizens,  paffed  a  refolve,  offering  their  town  as  an 
afylum  to  the  people  flying  from  Philadelphia,  and 
directing  their  committee  to  provide  a  fuitablc  place 
as  an  hofpital  for  the  lick.  The  rev.  Jacob  V.  Artf- 
dalen,  Matthias  Meeker,  and  Matthias  Denman,  took 
the  lead  in  this  honourable  bufinefs. 

I  have  been  informed,  by  a  perfon  of  credit,  that 
the  inhabitants  of  Elizabeth  town  have  purfued  the 
(ameliberajplan,  as  thofe  of  Springfield;  but  have  not 


C    59    ) 

been  able  to  procure  a  copy  of  their  refolves  or  pro* 
c-eedings  on  the  fubject. 

At  Cheftertown  in  Maryland,  a  place  was  appoint- 
ed, at  a  diftance  from  the  town,  for  the  reception  of 
fuch  travellers  and  others,  as  might  have  the  difor- 
der.  It  was  provided  with  every  neceffary — and  a 
phyiician  engaged  to  attend  the  fkk. 

An  afylum  has  likewife  been  offered  to  Philadel- 
phians,  by  feveral  of  the  inhabitants  of  Elkton,  in  Ma- 
ryland ;  and  the  offer  was  couched  in  terms  of  the 
utmoft  fympathy  for  our  fufferings.  A  place  on  the 
fame  plan  as  that  at  Chefter,  was  fitted  up  near  the 
town. 

At  Eaflon,  in  Pennfylvania,  the  only  precaution  ob- 
served, was  to  direct  the  emigrants  from  Philadel- 
phia, to  abftain  for  a  week  from  intercourfe  with  the 
inhabitants. 

The  people  of  Wilmington  have  acted  in  the  mefl 
friendly  manner  towards  our  diltreffed  citizens.  At 
firft  they  were  a  little  feared,  and  refoived  on  the  ef- 
tablifhmcnt  of  a  quarantine  and  guards.  But  they 
immediately  dropped  thefe  precautions,  and  received 
the  people  from  Philadelphia  with  the  moll  perfect 
freedom.  They  erected  an  hofpital  for  the  reception  of 
our  infected  citizens,  which  they  fupplied  with  necef- 
faries.  Yet  of  eight  or  ten  perfons  from  Philadelphia, 
who  died  in  that  town,  with  the  malignant  fever, 
only  one  was  fent  to  the  hofpital.  The  others  were 
nurfed  and  attended  in  the  houfes  where  they  fell 
fick.  Humane,  tender,  and  friendly,  as  were  the  wor- 
thy inhabitants  of  Wilmington  in  general,  two  cha- 
racters have  diftinguiflied  themfelves  in  fuch  a  very 
extraordinary  manner,  as  to  deferve  particular  no- 
tice. Thefe  are  doctor  Way,  and  major  Bum,  whofe 
houfes  were  always  open  to  the  fugitives  from  Phila* 
delphia,  whom  they  received  without  thefmalleft  ap- 
prehenfion,  and  treated  with  a  degree  of  genuine  hof- 
pitality,  that  reflects  the  higheft  honour  on  them.  In 
the  exercife  of  this  virtue,  they  were  not  confined  by  a 
narrow  regard  to  their  particular  friends  or  acquain- 
tance— but  entertained  with  equal  humanity  wheis 


(■Co    ) 

families  of  perfonsVho  were  utter  ftrangers  to  them. 
This  \\  as  of  the  more  importance,  and  operated  as  a 
heavier  tax  on  them,  as,  I  believe,  there  was  only 
ore  tavern  keeper,  Brinton,  whofe  houfe  was  open 
for  people  from  Philadelphia  :  and  it  was  confe- 
quently  fo  crouded  in  general,  as  frequently  to  render 
it  difficult  to  procure  admittance. 

The  inftances  of  this  kind,  through  this  cxten- 
five  country,  have  been  very  few  ;  but  they  are 
therefore  only  the  more  precious,  and  ought 
to  be  held  up  to  public  approbation.  May  they  ope- 
rate on  people,  at  a  future  day,  in  fimilar  cafes  of 
dreadful  calamity,  and  teach  them  to  temper  their 
caution  with  as  much  humanity  and  tendernefs  to  the 
diftreffed  fugitives,  as  prudence  will  allowft-and  not 
involve  in  one  indifcriminate  profcription  the  healthy 
and  infected. 

CHAP.  XIII.  Difordcr  fatal  to  the  doctors— to  the  cler- 
gy— to  drunkards — to  jilles  dejoie — to  maid  fcrvants — 
to  the  poor — and  in  clofejireets. — Lefs  dejlruclive  to  the 
French — arid  to  the  negroes. 

RARELY  has  it  happened,  that  fo  large  a  propor- 
tion of  the  gentlemen  of  the  faculty  have  funk 
beneath  the  labours  of  their  very  dangerous  profef- 
fion,  as  on  this  occafton.  In  five  or  fix  weeks,  exclusive 
of  medical  ftudents,  no  lefs  than  ten  phyficians  have 
been  fwept  off,  doctors  Hutchinfon,  Morris,  Linn, 
Pennington,  Dodds,  Johnfon,  Glentworth,  Phile, 
Graham,  and  Green.  Scarcely  one  of  the  practiling 
doctors  that  remained  in  the  city,  efcaped  ficknels. 
Some  were  three,  four,  and  five  times  confined. 

To  the  clergy  it  has  likewife  proved  very  fatal.  Ex- 
pofed,  in  the  exercife  of  the  laft  duties  to  the  dying, 
to  equal  danger  with  the  phyikians,  it  is  not  furpri- 
fmg  that  io  many  of  them  have  fallen.  Their  names 
are,  the  rev.  Alexander  Murray,  of  the  protectant 
epifcopal  church— the  rev.  F.  A.  Fleming  and  the 
rev.  Laurence  Graefsl  of  the  Roman  catholic — the 
* ev.  John  Winkhaufe,  of  the  German  reformed — the 


(    6.     ) 

rev.  James  Sproat,  of  the  prefbytenan — the  rev.  Wil- 
liam Dougherty,  of  the  methodift  church — and  like- 
wife  four  noted  preachers  of  the  Friends  fociety,  Da- 
niel Offley,  Hufon  Langftroth,  Michael  Minier,  and 
Charles  Williams.  Seven  clergymen  have  been  in  the 
great  eft  danger  from  this  diforder,  the  fev.  R.  Black- 
well,  rev.  Jofeph  Pilmore.  rev.  William  Rogers,  rev. 
Chriftopher  V.  Keating,  rev.  Frederic  Schmidt,  the 
rev.  Jofeph  Turner,  and  the  rev.  Robert  Annan  ;  but 
they  have  all  recovered. 

Among  the  women,  the  mortality  has  not  by  any 
means  been  fo  great,  as  among  the  men*,  nor  among 
the  old  and  infirm  as  among  the  middle-aged  and 
robuft. 

To  tipplers  and  drunkards,  and  to  men  who  lived 
high,  and  were  of  a  corpulent  habit  of  body,  this  dif- 
order was  very  fatal.  Of  thefe,  many  were  feized,  and 
the  recoveries  were  very  rare. 

Tq  the  Jiltcs  de  joie,  it  has  been  equally  fatal.  The 
wretched  debilitated  ftate  of  their  confritutions, 
rendered  them  an  eafy  prey  to  this  dreadful  dif- 
order, which  very  foon  terminated  their  miferable 
career. 

To  hired  fervant  maids  it  has  been  very  deftructive. 
Numbers  of  them  fled  away — of  thofe  who  remained, 
very  many  fell,  who  had  behaved  with  an  extraor- 
dinary degree  of  fidelity. 

It  has  been  dreadfully  deftrutVrve  among  the  poor. 
It  is  very  probable,  that  at  leaft  feven  eighths  of  the 
number  of  the  dead,  were  of  that  clafs.  The  inhabi- 
tants of  dirty  houfes  have  feverely  expiated  their  ne- 
glect, of  cleanlinefs  and  decency,  by  the  numbers  of 
them  that  have  fallen  iacriiices.  Whole  families,  in 
Inch  houfes,  have  funk  into  one  filent,  undiiiinguifli- 
ing  grave. 

The  mortality  in  confined  ftreets,  fmall  allies,  and 
clofe  houfes,  debarred  of  a  free  circulation  of  air,  has 
exceeded,  in  a  great  proportion,  that  in  the  large  ltreets 
and  well-aired  houfes.   In  fome  of  the  allies,  a  third 

*  In  many  congregations,  the  deaths  of  men  have  been  nearly 
twice  as  numerous  as  tbbfe  of  women. 


C    *    5 

or  fourth  of  the  whole  of  the  inhabitants  are  no  m©re. 
Jn  30  houfes,  the  whole  number  in  Pewter  Platter 
alley,  32  people  died  :  and  in  a  part  of  Market-ftreet, 
containing  170  houfes,  only  39.  The  ftreets  in  the 
fuburbs  that  had  the  benefit  of  the  country  air,  efpe- 
cially  towards  the  weft  part  of  the  city,  have  fufler- 
ed  little.  Of  the  wide,  airy  ftreets,  none  loft  fa 
many  people  as  Arch,  near  Water-ftreet,  which  may 
he  accounted  for*  by  its  proximity  to  the  original 
ieat  of  the  diforder.  It  is  to  be  particularly  remark- 
ed, that  in  general,  the  more  remote  the  ftreets 
were  from  Water  ftrect,  the  left  they  experienced  of 
the  calamity* 

From  the  effects  of  this  diforder,  the  French  newly- 
fettled  in  Philadelphia,  have  been  in  a  very  remarka- 
ble degree  exempt j-.  To  what  this  may  be  owing,  is  a 
iubject  deferving  .particular  inveiligation*.  By  fome 
it  has  been  afcribed  to  their  defpifmg  the  danger.  But, 
though  this  may  have  had  fome  effect,  it  will  not  cer- 
tainly account  for  it  altogether  ;  as  it  is  well  known 
that  many  of  the  moft  courageous  perfons  in  Phila- 
delphia, have  been  among  its  victims.  By  many  of 
the  French,  the  great  fatality  of  the  diforder  has  been 
attributed  to  the  vaft  quantities  of  crude  and  unwhole- 
some fruits  brought  to  our  markets,  and  coniumed  by 
ail  clalfes  of  people. 

When  the  yellow  fever  prevailed  in  South  Caro- 
lina, the  negroes,  according  to  that  accurate  obferver, 
dr.  Lining,  were  wholly  free  from  it.  "  There  is 
vt  fomething  very  lingular  in  the  conftitution  p£  the 
%'  negroes,"  fays  he,  "  which  renders  them  not  liable 
"c  to  this  fever;  for  though,  many  of  them  were  as 
M  much  expofed  as  the  nuries  to  this  infection,  yet  I 
"  never  knew  one  inftance  of  this  fever  among  them, 
"  though  they  are  equally  fubject  with  the  white  peo- 

f  The  French  who  line!  been  long  Cilablifhed  here,  were  near- 
ly as  much  alFec~tecl  as  die  natives. 

*  The  frequent  ufe  the  French  mrke  of  laveHttnts%  at  all  times, 
m*y  probably  account  for  their  efcapins;  io  very  generally  as 
they  did,  Tbefe  purify  the  bowels,  help  to  di  (charge  the  foul 
mat  tar,  and  remove  coflivenefs,  which  is  one  of  the  moft  cerraia 
fupports  of  this  and  other  ciifordcrs. 


(    «3    ) 

<e  pie  to  the  bilious  fever*.""  The  fame  idea  prevailed 
for  a  confiderable  time   in  Philadelphia;  but  it  Wis 
erroneous.  They  did  not  efcape  the  diforder  ;  howe- 
ver, there  were  fcarcely  any  of  them  feized  at  firft,  ind 
the  number  that  were  finally  affected,  was  not  greats 
and,  as  I  am  informed  by   an    eminent    doctor,  ^  it 
"  yielded  to  the  power  of  medicine  in  them  more  ea- 
"  lily  than  in  the  whites."  The  error  that  prevailed 
on  this  fubject  had  a  very  falutary  eff-ct  ;    for  at  an 
early  period  of  the  diforder,  hardly  any  white  nurfes 
could  be  procured ;  and,  had  the  negroes  been  equal- 
ly terrified,  the  fufferings  of  the  tick,  great  as  they 
actually  were,  would  have  been  exceedingly  aggrava- 
ted. At  the  period  alluded  to,  the  elders  of  the  Afri- 
can church  met,  and  offered  their  afliftance  to  the 
mayor,  to  procure  nurfes  for  the  lick,  and  to  afiiit 
in  burying  the  dead.  Their'offers  were  accepted ;  and 
Abfalom  Jones,  Richard  Allen,  and  William   Gray, 
undertook   the  management   of    thefe  two    feveral 
Services.  The  great   demand  for  nurfes  afforded  an 
•opportunity  for  imoofition,  which  was  eagerly  feized 
by  fome  of  the  vileft  of  the  blacksf .  They  extorted 
two,  three,  four,  and  even  five  dollars  anight  for  fuck 
attendance,  as  would  have  been  well  paid  by  a  fmgls 
dollar.  Some  of  them  wrere  even  detected    in  plun- 
-dering  the  houfes  of  the  lick.  But  it  is  unjuft  to  cait 
a  cenfure  on   the  whole  for  this  fort  of  conduct,  as 
many  people  have  done.  The  -fervices  of  Jones,  Al- 
len, and  Gray,  and  others  of  their  colour,  have  been 
very  great,  and  demand  public  gratitude. 

On  examining  the  books  of  the  hofpital  at  Bufh- 
hill,  it  appears  that  there  were  nearly  twenty  blacks 
received  there,  of -whom  about  three-fourths  died, 

*  KtKiys  and  obfervations,  vol.  II.  page  407. 

f  The  extortion  here  mentioned,  was  very  far  from  beinu  eflrt  - 
fined  to  the  negroes  ;    many  of  the   white  nurfes  behaved  •■■ 
egmri  rapacity. 


(     «4     ) 

CHAP.  XIII.  State  of  the  weather.  Attempt  to  refute 
the  opinion  that  cold  aiid  rain  extinguifhed  the  diforder* 
Average  table  of  mortality* 

THE  weather,  during  the  whole  of  the  months  of 
Auguft  and  September,  and  moft  part  of  Octo- 
ber, was  remarkably  dry  and  fultry.  Rain  appeared 
as  if  entirely  at  an  end.  Various  indications,  which 
in  fcarcely  any  former  inftance  had  ever  failed  to  pro- 
duce wet  weather,  difappointed  the  expectations, 
the  wifhes,  and  the  prayers  of  the  citizens.  The 
diforder  raged  with  increafed  violence  as  the  feafon 
advanced  towards  the  fall  months.  The  mortality 
was  much  greater  in  September,  than  in  Auguft — 
and  (till  greater  in  the  beginning  and  till  the  middle 
of  October,  than  in  September.  It  very  particu- 
larly merits  attention,  that  though  nearly  all  the 
hopes  of  the  inhabitants  refted  on  cold  and  rain, 
efpecially  the  latter,  yet  the  diforder  died  away  with 
hardly  any  rain,  and  a  very  moderate  degree  of  cold. 
Its  virulence  may  be  faid  to  have  expired  on  the 
23d,  24th,  25th,  and  26th  of  October.  The  fucceed- 
ing  deaths  were  moftly  of  thofe  long  fick.  Few  perfong 
took  the  diforder  afterwards.  Thofe  days  were  near- 
ly as  warm  as  many  of  the  moft  fatal  ones,  in  the 
middle  ftage  of  the  complaint,  the  thermometer  be- 
ing at  60,  59,  71,  and  72.  To  account  for  this  fatif- 
fa&orily  is  above  our  feeble  powers.  In  fact,  the 
whole  of  the  diforder,  from  its  firft  appearance  to 
its  final  clofe,  has  fet  human  wifdom  and  calculation 
at  defiance. 

The  idea  held  up  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  has 
been  controverted  by  many ;  and  as  the  extinction  of 
malignant  diforders,  generated  in  fummer  or  the 
early  part  of  fall,  has  been  univerfally  afcribed  to  the 
fevere  cold  and  heavy  rains  of  the  clofe  of  the  fall, 
or  the  winter,  it  is  afferted  that  ours  muft  have 
fliared  the  fame  fate.  It  therefore  becomes  necef- 
ary  to  ftate  the  reafons   for  the   contrary  opinion. 

The  extinction  of  thefe  diforders,  according  to  the 
generally-received  idea  on  thisfubject,  arifesfrom  cold. 


c  m  d 

ram,  or  both  together.  If  from  the  former,  hew 
(hall  we  account  for  a  greater  mortality  in  September, 
than  in  Auguft,  whereas  the  degree  of  heat  was  con- 
(iderably  abated  ?  How  ihall  we  account  for  a  greater 
mortality  in  the  firit  part  of  October  than  in  Sep- 
tember, abhough  the  heat  was  ftill  abating  ?  If  rain 
be  the  evident  caufe  of  arrefting  the  dilbrder,  as  is 
mppoied  bry  thole  who  attribute  its  decleniion  to  the 
on  the  evening   of  the  15th*  of  October,  how 

.1  we  account  for  the  inefricacy  of  a  conftant  rain 
during  the  whole  terrible  twelfth  of  October,  when 
one  hundred  and  eleven  feu  is  were  fummoned  out  of 
this  world,  and  a  hundred  and  four  the  day  follow* 
big  ?  To  make  the  matter  more  plain,  I  requeft  the 
:ention  to  the  following:  {tatement  : — ■  • 
Thcrmcrm 


Scot. 


JQX 


at  3  r.  m. 

Deaths. 

WiRd 

[.  Weather. 

19         70 

61 

SW 

fair. 

2D             69 

6y 

SK 

hazy. 

21              78 

57 

fair. 

22             83 

76 

fair. 

13               74 

93     ' 

NW 

fair. 

fl               74 

Erg 

W 

fair. 

1  2             64 

11 1 

NW 

rai 

69 

IC| 

fair. 

Co 

54- 

W 

fair. 

24          59 

38 

NW 

fair. 

35 

S 

fair,  high  Wind 

V2 

-3 

sw 

cloudy. 

Iiis  table,  by  any"  man  unbiaf- 
by  the  received  opinion,  will,  I  think,  convince 
•ire  afcthe  hypo' '  .  I  have  ad- 

— that  t  :afe  or  i  of  the  vio- 

lence of  the  dl.  i  on  ether  caufes  than 

i  of  heat,  colt,  fakiy  or  dry  wtnther.  Here 
rs  the  moil  palpable  proof.  The  average  of  the  thermo- 
meter, the  four  iirft  quoted  days,  was  y$°  —-the  ave- 
■age  of  the  deaths  65.5.  The   :.v.md  too r  days,    the" 
rmorjieter  a-  70.25,  although  the  frightful 

,   10-6.75.  And  on  the  laft  fou  f 

-    ram  on  this  evening  was  not  by  ury  mean|jb  s 
he  i2ch. 


(     66     ) 

days,  the  thermometer  averaged  6$.$,  whereas  the* 
deaths  were  only  37.5.  To  facilitate  the  comparifon, 
I  fubjoin  an  abftract  of  the  preceding  ftatement. 

therm,  deaths. 
Average  of  Sept.  19,  20,  21,  and  22,       75  65 

of  Ocl:.  10, 1 1,  12,  and  13,  7C>^5  l°6-75 
of  Oct.  23,  24,  25,  and  26,  65.$  37.5 
Thus,  thofe  days  on  which  the  mortality  was  at 
its  higheft  ftage,  were  live  degrees  colder  than  thofe 
when  the  deaths  had  been  only  five  eighths.  And  the 
difference  of  five  degrees  between  the  fecond  and  the 
third  four  days,  will  not  be  pretended  to  account  for 
a  decreafe  of  very  nearly  two  thirds.  To  try  the  fyf- 
tem  of  heat,  cold,  and  rain,  ftill  further,  let  us  exa- 
mine the  four  laft  days  of  Auguft.  On  thofe  days  the 
thermometer  averaged  79.5  ;  yet  the  deaths  were  only 
20.75. 

I  here  annex  the  weekly  average  of  the  thermometer 
and  of  the  deaths,  from  the  firft  of  Auguft  to  the 
7th  of  November,  for  the  reader's  infpection*. 

Average  of  Average  of 


thermometer. 

deaths 

Auguft  1  to  7, 

- 

84 

- 

- 

9 

8  to  14,     - 

- 

35 

- 

7 

15  to  21,     - 

- 

83 

- 

- 

7 

22  to  28,     - 

- 

77 

- 

- 

J5 

92  to  31,     - 

- 

85 

- 

- 

17 

Sept. 

1   to  7,       - 

- 

81 

- 

- 

l9 

8  to  14,     - 

- 

74 

- 

- 

35 

15  to  21,     - 

- 

75 

- 

- 

65 

22  to  28,     - 

- 

76 

- 

- 

70 

29  and  30,    - 

- 

74 

- 

- 

60 

Oct. 

1.  to  7, 

- 

71 

- 

- 

72 

8  to  14,     - 

- 

71 

- 

- 

1 00 

15  to  21,     - 

- 

53 

- 

- 

67 

22  to  28,     - 

- 

58 

r 

- 

39 

29  to  31,     - 

- 

46 

- 

- 

18 

Nov. 

i   to  7,       - 

- 

58 

- 

- 

}5 

From  the  above  table  it  appears,  that  during  the 

*  When  the  fractions  c:ccee<l  half,  an  unit  is  adtle<l ;  when  they 
.ue  below  half,  they  are  rsjctrtcd.    ' 


(     67     ) 

month  of  September,  there  was  a  rapid  incrcafe  regu- 
larly of  deaths,  except  on  the  29th  and  30th,  although 
the  weather  was  growing  cooler  nearly  the  whole 
time.  Let  any  advocate  of  the  theory  of  cold  and 
rain,  compare  the  firft  week  in  September  with  the 
fecond  week  in  October.  He  will  fee  that  the  former 
was  ten  degrees  warmer  than  the  latter,  yet  the  mor- 
tality of  the  one,  was  only  a  fifth  part  of  the  other. 
If  he  will,  after  this,  fay  that  the  difference  of  13  de- 
grees between  the  fecond  week  in  October  and  the 
3d  and  4th,  will  account  for  a  reduction  of  the  mor- 
tality from  ico  to  6y,  and  then  to  39,  I  can  only 
anfwcr,  that  an  inveterate  prejudice  too  often  clouds 
the  reafon,  and  renders  it  impoflible  to  fee  the  truth, 
however  evident. 

In  oppolition  to  what  I  have  advanced,  it  lias  been 
obferved,  that  the  unfavourable  effects  of  very  ful- 
try  days  were  felt  for  feverai  fucceeding  ones.  This 
is  a  weak  refource,  as  will  appear  from  examining  the 
table.  The  heat  of  the  firft  and  fecond  weeks  in  Oc- 
tober was  the  fame :  yet  the  mortality  in  the  fecond 
was  nearly  one  half  more  than  in  the  firft.  The  heat  of 
the  fourth  was  equal  to  that  of  the  third,  although  in 
the  former  the  deaths  were  nearly  double  what  they 
were  in  the  latter. 

I  hope,  therefore,  the  reader  will  acknowledge,  that 
the  Great  Difpofer  of  winds  and  rains,  took  his  own 
time,  and  without  the  means,  either  moral  or  phyii- 
cali,  on  which  we  placed  our  chief  reliance,  to  refcue 
the  remnant  of  us  from  deftruction. 

CHAP.     XV.— Origin  of  the  difcrder. 

4 

'-  g  1HIS  diforder  has  moil  unquefrionably  been  im- 
_!_     ported  from  the  Weil:  Indies.  As  yet,  however, 
irfg  to  various  obvious  reafons,  it  is  difficult  to  fix, 
h  abfolute  precilion,  on  the  veflel  or  * 
it  is  very  probable  it   came  in  feverai,  from  the  dif- 
ferent infected  i (lands)  by  which  it  was  introduced. 
That  it  is  an  imported  diforder,  refts  on  the  following 
,  each  of  which,  fingly,  juftifies  the  theory,  but 


(     68     ; 

all;,  collectively,  eftablifo  it  to  the  (atisf; 
cruiciid  and  reafonable  ma». 

i ft.    The   yellow   feyfer  °::'ftcd    in  fever  r:!  of  the 
Weft  India  iilands  a  long  t'ime  before  its  appearai 
here*. 

cd.  Various  y^ffels  from  thofe  iilands  here 

in  July. 

3d.  Scarcely  any  precautions  were  ufed  to  guard  a 
gainft  the  difordcr. 

4th.  A  refpectable  citizen  of  Phi1  \,  fuperr 

cargo  of  one  of  our  veffels,  faw,  in  July,  fix  or  feyen 
people  fick  of  this  fever  on  board  a  brig  at  Cape 
Francois  bound  for  our  portf. 

5th.  A  veilel  from  Cape  Francois,  which  arrived 
here  in  July,  loft  feveral  of  her  people  with  this  fever. 
on  her  paiTage. 

*  Extraii from  a  London  paper,  of,  dvgufl  13,  xy;;. 

"  Tiie  plague,  brought  from    Bulsm,   which   firft  ma 
"'•  appearance  at  Grenada,  has  (bread  molt  r  y.  Eighty 

,    permits  died  in   one  day  at  Grenada  of  this  epidemic. 

"  hnrricane  months  juft  coming  on,  arc  not  "likely  to  make  it 
l<  lefs  violent  in  its  trFecls.' 

"  [It  appears  by  a  i"ubicr,ucnt  paragraph  in  the 
"  that-the  difeafe  was  afceitained  to  ie  the  yel.l&w  fever,  j" 

r.:<i  rail  from  the  Courier,  a  Lyndon  pap  <r,  <f  A 

«  Before  the  fleet  left  Antic";    fo  preat  was  the  rr pre'  ■ 
"  entertained  there  of  the  plague,  that  all  vefltls  fiom  Gn 
"  da,  were  obliged  to  perform  Quarantine  ;  and  all  letters  1 
'*  the  latter  ifland,  were  fmoaked  at  the  former.  Thejnfet! 
f  was  reported  td  have  readied  Dominica." 

Extrafl l front  :  \oa  toapir,  of  A fugufi  25. 

tl  The  plague,  *.ve  are  diftrefled  to  hear,  has  made  its  appear- 
%*  ance  in  feveral  of  our  Weil  India  iilands.  At  Grenada,  and 
'•  Dominica,  the  fvmp.oms  are  (aid  to  .1*  highly  aiarnimgf." 

Extras  from  a  Kingp  on  paper,  oj  >2. 

"  The  iflnnds  of   Barbadocs  and   Dpminiea 
c<  afflicted  with' a  malignam  fever ;  about  50c 
•'  have  periflied  in  the  former,  and  near  5:0  i')  the  iatter," 

•f-  To  any  enquirer  I  am  read  y  toi  ame  of  the 

Supercargo,  and  the  name  of  the  bi 


(     <59     ) 

.  A  perfon  from   Gape   Francois,  died  of  this 
fever  at  Marcus  Hook} — and  another  at  Chefter§- 
7th.  The  vef&fe  in  which  thofe  perfons  arrived,  and 
ick  were  infeebed  with  the  effluvia  of  the  fick  and 
d,  came  freely*to  our  wharves,   and  particularly* 
to  that  very  one  where  the  diforder  made  its  firfi  ap- 
nce.  * 

8th.  Perfons  fick  of  the  yellow  fever  have  been 
landed  in  our  city  from  vcffels  arrived  from  the  Weft 
Indies". 

„  Dead  bodies  have  been  feen  depoiited  fecretly 
on  board  fome  of  thofe  veliels. 

icth.  There  is  the  ftrongeil  reafon  to  believe,  thai 
beds  arid  bedding  of  the  fick  and  dead  were  not 
deftroyed,  but,  on  the  contrary,  brought  into  our  city, 
nth.  This  diforder  had  every  characTeriftic  fymp- 
tom  that  marked  it  011  former  cccaiions,  when  its  im- 
portation was  unqueftioned. 

Laftly,  Of  all  the  reafons  advanced  to  rapport  the  o- 
pinion  of  its  having  been  generated  here,  theo- 
that  has  even  the  appearance  of  piauflbility,  viz.  I 
influence  of  a  tropical  feafon,  fuch  as  we  had  laft  mm* 
mer,  is  unanfwerably  refuted  by  the  concurring  tefti* 
mony  of  Lind,  Lining,  Warren,  and  Bruce,  who,  in 
the  mofl  uk equivocal  manner,  have  declared  that  it 
does,  not  depend  on  the  weather. 

Ci  It  docs  not  appear,  from  the  moft  accurate  ob- 
'  fervations  of  the  variations  of  the  weather,  cr  any 
"  difference  of  the  feafons,  which  I  have  been  able  to 
F  make  for  feveral  years  paft,  that  this  fever  is  any 
'•  way  caufed,  or  much  influenced  by  them  ;  for  1 
f  have  feen  it  at  all  /i:nes,  and  in    a((  feafons ;  in  the 

1  I  do  hereby  declare,  that  I  was  at  Marcus  He  ok  late  in  July, 
when  a  woman,  who  had  been  landed  there  fvorr.  one  of  the  vef- 
fels  latejy  from  Cape  Francois,  died  ;  that  I  was  informed  I 
French  perlbiij  a  neighbour,  that  {he  died  of  the  yellow  fever  ; 
that  this,  perfon  burned  4  quantity  of  rar  at  th.e  door,  for  the 
porpofe,  as  he  informed  nie;  of  purifying  the  air. 

"  JO  H  N   M  AS  S  v<  Y. 
•  information  o.f  the  death  of  this  rei  fan  is  derived  from 
?.  fetter  wrirten  by  dr.  William  Martin  to  dr.  Currie. 

and  QtherF  ean  tcfdfy  to  the  truth  of  this. 


(     7°    ) 

u  cooltjl,    as    well    as  in   the   hotteft    time    of    the 
"  year."* 

"  This  fever  does  not  feem  to  take  its  origin  from 
"  any  particular  con/lit ut ion  of  the  weather,  indepen- 
"  dent  of  infectious  miafmata,  as  dr.  Warren  has  for- 
"  merly  well  obferved ;  for  within  thefe  twenty-five 
"  years,  it  has  been  only  four  times  epidemical  in 
"  this  town,  namely  in  the  autumns  of  the  years 
"  1732,  39,  45,  and  48,  though  none  of  thofe  years, 
"  (excepting  that  of  1739,  whofe  fummer  and  au- 
"  turan  were  remarkably  rainy)  were  either  warm- 
"  er  or  more  rainy,  (and  fome  of  them  lefs  fo)  than 
"  the  fummers  and  autumns  were  in  feveral  other 
"  years,  in  which  we  had  not  one  inftance  of  any 
"  one  feized  with  this  fever  :  which  is  contrary  to 
"  what  would  have  happened,  if  particular  conjlitutions 
'•  of  the  weather,  were  prod uclive  of  it,  without  infecti- 
"  ous  miafmata j." 

In  ornni  anni  tempejlate,  fefe  effert    hie  morbus  ; 

fymptomata  autem  graviora  obfervantur,  ubi  calor 
"  magnus  cum  multahumiditateconjungiturj." 

CHAP.  XVI.  Defultory  fads  and  reflexions.  A  collect 
tion  of  f craps §. 

"*  HE  want  of  a  lazaretto,  whither  perfons  laboui -.- 
ing  under  contagious  diforders,  might  be  fent, 
and  of  a  proper  law  on  the  fubjeel,  empowering  the 
civil  authority  to  interpofe  with  the  neceffary  energy, 

*  Hillary  on  difeafes  of  Barbadoes,  p^ge  T46. 

-J-  Lining,  Efiiiys  and  obfervations,  polirical  and  literary,  vol. 
11.  paj;e  406. 

nre,  q'tored  by  Lind  on  hot  climates,  257. 

§  Tliis  and  the  fucceeding  chapter  calls   for  feme  apology. 
Many  or  the  anecdotes  herein  related,  arc  of  little  importance, 
except  from  their  having  a  tendency  to  reflect  light  on  Hie 
of  the  public  mind  during  ;i  time  in  which  men  were  noli  com- 
pletely taken  by    furprife.  Confidenng  the  fuhjedl  in   this  point 
of  view,  hardly  -any  occurrence,  of  fo  eventful  a  period,  on 
to  be  fnffered  to  fink  in  oblivion.   Sorne,  of  a  ludicrous  1 
introduced  as  areltef  to  the  {ombre  'complexion  of  a  na 
in  which  the  predominant  characters  are   death  and  del' 
and  a  cold  regard  i'ov  lelf   alone. 


C   Z?..  > 

at  the  firft  inroad  of  fuch  a  dreadful  deftroyer,  has 
been  the  caufe  of  our  late  fufferings  ;  for,  humanly 
fpeaking,  had  decifive  meafures  been  adopted  any 
time  before  the  firft  of  September,  while  the  diforder 
exifted  only  in  cne  ftreet,  and  in  a  few  houfes  in  that 
ftreet,  there  can  be  little  doubt,  that  it  might  have 
been  very  foon  extinguiihed.  But  the  former  fuf- 
ferings  of  this  place  in  1762,  were  foon  forgotten — 
and  no  fteps  taken  to  provide  for  the  removal  of 
fuch  an  evil  in  future,  after  it  fhould  invade  the  city. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  our  legiflature,  as  well  as  that  of 
every  Hate  in  the  union,  will  fee  the  propriety  of  giv- 
ing this  important  fubject  the  confideration  it  fo  am- 
ply deferves,  and  of  making  provifion  againft  like 
calamities  in  future.  In  Italy,  at  Spalato,  where  the 
plague  rag^d  fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago,  if  the  infect- 
ed did  not  reveal  their  fituation  to  the  proper  au- 
thority, they  were  fubjected  to  capital  punifhment ; 
and  the  fame  penalty  was  denounced  againft  fuch  as 
did  not  inform  of  infected  perfons,  when  they  knew 
of  them.  This  is  too  fevere  for  the  paternal  mild- 
nefs  of  our  criminal  code  ;  but  fome  penalties  ought 
to  be  denounced  in  fuch  cafes.  Indeed,  were  lazaret- 
tos on  a  proper  eftablifhment,  it  would  be  an  object 
of  defire  with  the  lick,  to  be  tranfported  to  them. 

— <S><S>'3>  — 

It  is  hardly  conceivable  that  the  funeral  of  entire 
ftrangers  could  afford  fubject  of  fatisfaction.  Yet  they 
have  produced  that  effect.  After  being  fo  long  accufto- 
med  to  behold  the  bodies  of  the  dead,  drawn  to  the 
grave  on  the  fiiafts  of  a  chair,  the  fight  of  a  corpfe 
carried  by  men  to  be  interred,  afforded  fomething  like 
the.  appearance  of  former  times  ;  and  I  believe  the 
fatisfaction  excited  by  that  confideration  abforbed 
every  thought  of  the  deceafed. 


The  appearance  of  moft  of  the  grave  yards  in  Phila- 
delphia is  extremely  awful.  They  exhibit  aftronglike- 
iiefs  of  ploughed  fields  ;   and  were  any  thing  capab-s 


£  %  ) 

of  fiamping  .its  indelible  impr'effion 

uncertai^HHbe  term;  we  hold  our 

precarious  exigence,  a  turn  though  one  cf  our  bui 
grounds  coUid#lr/.  |  fail  to  produce  that  effect. 

ic  is  to  beTer.re.il,  that  with  the  ■  wifl  vanriii 

all  recollection  6f  .re  have  pafl 

through. 

It  has  been  dx  ;:  a  peffb'nis  twice  ifefceptifc 

of  the  yellow  fever.  The  of»ni  it  has  a  good 

tendency,  to  invpire  confidence   in  convalefcents,  x 
in  thole  who  have  quite  recovered,  might  perhaps  as. 
be  fullered  to  pais   uncontr everted,  were    not 
truth  the    object.   Several  perfor.s   in  this  city 
been  twice  fiek  is  diforder.  I  know  it  is  ufiraf 

to  call  this  a  relapfe.  But  relapfe  or  net,  thofe  peo- 
ple whom  I  mean,  have  been  ill — have  recove: 
tirely — and  been   a  fecond  time  taken  do- 
or them  are  now  no  more,  wituefs  mr.  Flemin   . 
William  Young  was  worfe  the  feeoiid  time  than  the 
firft. 


,f    U)     LUC 


One  obi  n,  of  great 

6f  humanity,  efcaped  me  in  the  former  editions 
ought  to  be   very  particularly  attended  to   in 
fuch  dreadful  cri .     ;     we  have  experienced.  Of 
very  large  number  c 

order,  it  is  not  improbable  that  a  half  or 
have  perifhed  merely  for  want  of  ne* 
attention,  owing'to  the  ex  .ary  panic.   . 

all  the  remarkabJ  of  recovery  are  to  Lx 

under  providence,  to  tht 

children,  and  fervants,  who"  br  fe  dangx 

;rtninedtO  obey  the  dictates  of 

ons  inftaftdes   ofpei  to  may  be  fa 

e  been  by  theie  me;  I  from  t 

;    having  been  10  far  ref 
ns  made. — And  for  the  er 
who  r  time,  or  in 

laiives  in  tl 


(    73    ) 

remarked,  that  few  of  thofe  who  difcharged  their 
duty  to  their  families,  have  fufFered"  by  it^fhere  are 
infgfttties  of  individuals,  who  have  nuried  and  attend- 
ed Si  fix,  eight  and  ten  perfons  unremittingly,  in 
their  own  houfes,  without  ever  taking  the  infection. 
Others,  before  their  own  ilinefs,  and  after  their  reco- 
covery,  nurfed  and  reflored  their  families.  "Willi- 
am Young  had  nolefs  than  ten  in  his  houfe  fick,  and 
nearly  all  at  one  time.  Ke  attended  on  them  till  he 
was  taken  ill ;  and,  during  his  ficknefs,  gave  direc- 
tions for  the  management  of  them,  as  effectually  as 
if  he  was  well.  After  his  recovery,  he  a^ain  attended 
them  himfelf.  Of  his  whole  family,  his  wife  only  died  ; 
and  it  is  fuppofed  her  death  was  accelerated  by  her 
being  in  an  advanced  ftage  of  pregnancy.  There  are 
cafes  of  iingle  perfons  having  the  diiorder  in  large 
families  of  eight,  ten,  and  twelve,  and  none  catching 
it  from  them.  In  the  family  of  David  Clarke,  who 
died  of  the  malignant  fever,  there  were  no  lefs  than 
twenty-two  perions,  not  one  of  Whom  caught  the  in- 
fection, altho*  he  had  the  fame  attention  paid  him  by 
all  his  family,  as  if  he  had  been  in  any  other  diforder. 
Not  one  of  the  carters  employed  by  the  committee 
in  the  very  dangerous  office. of  removing  the  lick  and 
burying  the  dead,  ever  had  it*.  The  nurfes  at  Bum- 
hill  have  all  efcaped,  except  two  ;  as  have  the  worthy 
manager:*.  Thomas  Boyles,  the  tenant,  who  occupied 
the  building  at  Bulhhill,  at  the  time  it  was  taken  as  an 
hofpital,  that  is,  the  31ft  of  Auguft,  lived  there  until. 

*  Let  not  the  humble  fphere  of  life  in  which  he  moves^pre- 
vent  me  from  here  mentioning  a  worthy  and  faithful  man,  Tho- 
mas WilkHiPon,  employer!  by  the  committee,  in  burying  the 
dead,  and  removing  the  ficlv,  from  their  organization  till  the  ex- 
tinction of  the  diforder.  Such  was  the  noxious  iitwation  of  ma- 
ny dead  bodies,  that  he  frequently  returned  vomiting  from  the 
performance  of  his  duty.  In  one  indance,  in  railing  the  eorpfe 
of  a  woman  feve-al  days  dead,  he  was  covered  with  putrefcenc 
blood.  Yet  he  1H11  perfevered  in  the  moft  unwearied  manner, 
through  dangers,  that  render  his  prefervation  equally  aftoniih- 
ing  with  that  of  Girard,  Helm,  Helmuth,  mrs.  SaviUe,  and 
others.  It  is  to  be  hoped  the  corporation  will  find  feme  comfor- 
table fituation  for  him,  in  which  to  pals  the  remainder  of 
his  clays. 

K 


(     7+     ) 

the  29th  of  October,  with  his  wife  and  fix  children, 
none  of  whom  were  ever  affected  with  the  malignant 
fever.  Let  thefe  initances  fuftice  at  all  future  times  to 
prevent  fear  from  totally  overpowering  the  under- 
standing, and  producing  fcenes  of  cruelty  that  make 
"a  feeling  being  blufti  for  his  fpecies. 

Among  the  country  people,  large  quantities  of  wild 
pigeons  in  the  fpring  are  regarded  as  certain  indica- 
tions of  an  unhealthy  fummer.  Whether  or  not  this 
prognoitic  has  ever  been  verified  before,  I  cannot  tell. 
But  it  is  very  certain,  that  during  the  laft  fpring, 
the  numbers  of  thofe  birds  brought  to  market,  were 
immenie.  Never,  perhaps,  were  there  fo  many  before. 

Several  claffes  of  people  were  highly  benefited  by 
the  public  diftrefs.  Coffin-makers  had  full  employ- 
ment, and  in  general  high  prices  for  their  work. 
IVIoft  of  the  retail  ftores  being  Ihut  up,  thofe  that  re- 
mained open,  had  an  uncommon  demand  ;  as  the 
whole  of  the  bufinefs  was  divided  among  a  few. 
Thofe  who  had  carriages  to  hire,  to  tranfport  families 
to  the  country,  received  whatever  they  pleafed  to  re- 
quire. The  holders  of  houfes  at  from  three,  to  twenty 
miles  from  the  city,  who  chofe  to  rent  the  whole  or 
part  of  them,  had  high  rents.  The  two  notaries,  who 
protefted  for  the  banks,  profited  highly  by  the  abfence 
of  the  merchants  and  traders. 


— <s>s><s>— 


I  have  learned  with  great  pleafure,  that  a  few  land- 
lords, commiferating  the  diftrefles  of  their  tenants, 
have  come  to  the  very  humane  refolution  of  remit- 
ting the  payment  of  rents  due  during  the  prevalence 
of  the  diforder.  Were  they  to  enter  into  refdlutions 
generally  to  do  the  fame,  it  would  reflect  honour  on 
them.  But  there  are  fome,  whole  hardened  hearts 
"know  no  compaflion,  and  who  will  have  "  the  pound 
"  of  flelh — the  penalty  of  the  bond."  Indeed,  when 
lie  diforder  was  at   the  higheft  ftage,  foine  landlords 


(    75    ) 

feized  the  fmall  property  of  poor  roomkeepers,  wh# 
were  totally  unable  to  pay  their  rent.  A  man  wrote 
to  the  committee,  informing  them  that  the  poverty 
of  his  tenants  rendered  it  impoflible  for  them  to  pay 
him  y  he  therefore  begged  the  committee  would,  as 
they  were  appointed  to  relieve  the  poor,  pay  the  ar- 
rears due  him  !  Another  perfon,  a  wealthy  widow,, 
procured  recommendations  for  fome  poor  roomkeep- 
ers, her  tenants  ;  and  the  committee  gave  them  each 
a  fmall  fum.  As  foon  as  they  had  received  it,  me  feiz- 
ed the  money  and  their  clothes ! 

A  man  loft  his  wife  with  the  diforder.  He  had  it 
himfelf,  loft  his  fight  totally,  and  was  left  pennylefs, 
with  two  infant  children.  Yet  his  landlord,  before  his 
convalefcence  was  complete,  feized  his  clothes  and 
furniture,  and  turned  him  out  of  doors  !  ! ! 

"  You  may  as  well  ufe  q-teftion  with  the  wolf, 
"  Why  he  hath  made  the  ewe  bleat  for  the  lamb, 
**  As  feek  to  (often  that  (than  which  what's  harder  ?) 
"  His  flinty  heart." Shakespeare. 

I  hope  the  reader  takes  more  pleafure  in  perufing- 
cafes  reflecting  honour  on  human  nature,  than  thofe 
of  a  different  defcription.  An  amiable  woman  in  New 
York,  feeling  for  the  fituation  of  the  numerous  or- 
phans in  this  city,  wrote  to  a  member  of  the  commit- 
tee, to  choofe  her  one  of  them,  as  nearly  refembling 
a  child  me  had  loft,  as  poffible.  She  particularly  de~ 
fired  one  without  connexions,  if  fuch  could  be  pro- 
cured. She  propofes  to  adopt  it,  and,  with  her  huf- 
band,  to  beftow  on  it  all  the  tendernefs  one  of  her 
own  would  have  had.  Would  it  not  be  unjuft  to 
withhold  her  name  ?  Every  reader  anfwers,  yes — and 
I  will  therefore  reveal  it— Sufan  Willet.  Several  appli- 
cations of  a  fimilar  nature  have  been  made  by  fome 
of  our  own  citizens. 

-<  >"  <s>  ^&  <&$>  ••<►» 

In  the  fummer  of  1791,  the  yellow  fever  prevailed 
in  New  York,  in  a  part  of  Water-ftreet,  and  in  pro- 
portion to  the  fphere  of  its  a&ion,  was  as  fatal  there  3& 


C    75    ) 

it  has  been  here.  It  began  in  Auguft,  and  continued 
till  the  middle  of  September,  when  it  totally  difappear- 
ed,  and  has  never  fince  vifited  that  place.  This  mould 
eafe  the  fears  of  many  among  us,  who,  always  view- 
ing the  black  fide  of  every  thing,  terrify  people  with 
their  prognoftications,  that  we  fhallhave  it  again  next 
fpring  or  fummer.  All  the  fymptorns  were  full  as  dan- 
gerous and  alarming  in  New  York,  as  in  Philadelphia. 
Many  perfons  died  in  three  days  ;  "  ftupor,  delirium, 
"  yellownefs,  the  black  vomit,  and  death,  rapidly  fuc- 
"  ceeding  each  other. "J  It  fprcad  no  farther  at  that 
time,  than  the  one  ftreet,  although  no  precautions,  -as 
far  as  I  can  learn,  were  taken  to  prevent  its  extenlion. 
The  fame  fpecies  of  diforder  raged  in  this  city  in 
1762,  with  great  violence.  It  difappeared  in  the  month 
of  November,  and  has  not  from  that  time  until  this 
year  vifited  Philadelphia. 

The  fummer  and  fall  of  this  year  have  been  un- 
healthy in  many  parts  of  the  union,  as  well  as  in  Phi- 
ladelphia. At  Lynn,  in  Maflachufetts,  I  have  been 
informed,  but  have  no  means  of  afcertaining  the 
truth  or  falfehood  of  the  report,  that  a  malignant 
fever,  not  unlike  ours,  prevailed  in  Auguft.  In  many 
of  the  towns  of  Virginia,  intermittent  fevers  have 
been  much  more  prevalent  and  mortal  than  they  have 
been  at  former  periods.  Georgetown  and  its  vicinity, 
which  are  in  general  very  healthy,  loft,  in  the  courfe 
of  a  few  weeks  in  fummer,  an  unexampled  number  of 
people  by  the  flux,  which  diforder  has  raged  with 
great  violence  in  many  parts  of  America.  The  influ- 
enza has  generally  fpread  through  the  union,  and 
been  very  fatal.  It  has  been  twice  in  Vermont,  where 
likewife  the  putrid  fore  throat  has  carried  off  numbers. 
At  Harrilburg  and  Middletown,  in  this  flate,  the  flux 
and  a  putrid  fever  have  been  extremely  deftructive, 
and  fwept  away,  I  am  credibly  informed,  a  fifteenth 

X  Letter  from  aphyfician  in  New  York,  to  his  friend  in  New 
Jeriey.  Federal  Gazette,  Sept.  21,  1793. 


(    77    ) 

part  of  the  inhabitants.  Delaware  ftate,  particularly 
Kent  county,  has  fuffered  much  from  fall  fevers, 
which  have  produced  a  very  great  mortality.  At  Do- 
ver, in  the  fame  ftate,  a  bilious  colic  raged  with  great 
violence,  during  laft  fummer,  and  was  extremely  fatal. 
At  Pauling's  Kill,  in  Suflex  county,  New  Jerfey,  a 
bilious  and  remittent  fever  has  made  very  great  ha- 
voc. And  various  other  places  have  experienced  a 
mortality,  very  uncommon,  and  which,  but  for  the  ca- 
lamity of  Philadelphia  abforbing  public  attention  every 
where,  and  being  the  ftandard  of  comparifon,  would 
have  created  great  alarms  and  uneafmefs. 

Of  the  number  of  citizens  who  fled  away,  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  form  any  accurate  eftimate.  In  the  city,  from 
Vine  to  South  ftreet,  which  has  been  furveyed  by  a 
man  employed  by  the  committee,  of  21,000  inhabi- 
tants, the  number  of  abfent  people  is  ftated  to  be  8600. 
But  as  this  bufmefs  was  feveral  weeks  performing, 
considerable  variations  mull  necefTarily  have  taken 
place.  The  emigration  was  not  fmifhed  in  thofe  ftreets 
examined  in  the  early  part  of  his  progrefs, — -and  to- 
wards the  latter  part,  the  returns  had  been  already 
confiderable.  One  may  be  fuppofed  to  balance  the  other, 
and  the  removals  in  the  liberties  to  have  been  equal  to 
thofe  in  the  city.  We  fhall  therefore  probably  not  err 
much,  when  we  eftimate  the  number  who  left  the  city 
at  about  17,000.  This  is  not  fo  many  as  I  formerly 
fuppofed,  having  eftimated  them  at  23,000.  Which 
of  the  two  is  accurate,  or  whether  either  of  them  is 
fo,  I  leave  the  reader  to  determine. 

— <s>«><s> — 

The  effect,  of  fear  inpredifpolingthe  body  for  the  yel- 
low fever  and  other  diforders,  and  increafing  their 
malignance,  when  taken,  is  well  known.  The  fol- 
lowing exception  to  the  general  rule,  which  may  be 
depended  on,  is  curious  and  interefting.  A  young  wo- 
man, whofe  fears  were  fo  very  prevalent,  as  not  only 
to  render  her  unhappy  from  the  commencement  of 
the  diforder,  but  even. to  interfere  with  the  happinefs 


(    75    ) 

«f  the  family  with  whom  {he  lived,  had  to  attend  on 
&ven  perfons,  all  of  whom  were  in  a  very  dangerous 
ftate,  and  one  of  whom  died.  Her  attendance  was  afli- 
duous  and  unremitted  for  nearly  three  weeks.  Yet  {he 
has  never   been  in  the  flighteit:  degree  affected. 

The  watches  and  clocks  in  this  city,  during  the  dis- 
order, were  ahnoft  always  wrong.  Hardly  any  of  the 
watchmakers  remained — and  few  people  paid  atten- 
tion how  time  palled.  One  night,  the  watchmen  cried 
ten  o'clock  when  it  was  only  nine,  and  continued 
the  miftake  all  the  fucceeding  hours. 

The  Hope,  a  veflel  from  Londonderry,  arrived  in  our 
river  towards  the  end  of  Auguft.  The  paflengers  had 
a  malignant  diforder  among  them,  in  confequence  of 
which j  orders  were  iftued  to  have  them  landed  at 
State  Illand,  that  they  might  undergo  examination. 
Nevertheless,  feveral  of  them  came  to  the  city,  and 
added  to  the  dangers  already  cxifting.  The  mayor, 
on  the  3d  of  September,  iffued  a  proclamation,  calling 
upon  the  citizens  not  only  to  ufe  their  endeavours 
to  detect  fuch  as  had  arrived,  and  to  prevent  others 
from  coming,  without  procuring  the  proper  certifi- 
cates ;,  but  to  make  report  to  one  of  the  magiftrates, 
of  the  names  of  thofe  by  whom  they  were  harbour- 
ed, that  they  might  be  proiecuted  according  to  law. 
On  this  fubject.  an  obvious  reflexion  arifes,  which  I 
will  not  fupprefs.  Our  citizens  have  generally  been 
in  the  habit  of  ieverely  cenfuring  the  inhabitants  of* 
thofe  places  in  which  very  ftricl:  precautions  were  ta- 
ken, to  prevent  the  fpreading  of  the  diforder  that 
prevailed  here ;  and  yet  we  fee  that  our  own  conduct, 
in  a  cafe  nearly  fnnilar,  has  not  been  very  different. 
I  would  not  wifh  to  be  underflood  as  if  I  meant  to 
juftify  the  whole  of  the  proceedings  that  took  place 
every  where  ;  far  from  it ;  fome  of  them  have  been 
to  the  laft  degree  fevere,  and  unnecefTarily  fo  ;  for  all 
the  cautions  recmifite,  were   compatible  with  a  fmali 


(    79    ) 

degree  of  attention  to  the  comfort  and  convenience 
of  fellow  citizens,  in  good  health,  travelling  for  buii- 
nefs,  for  pleaiure,  or  the  prefervation  of  health,  and 
even  of  life. — Whereas  in  many  places  it  would  ap- 
pear as  if  the  harfheft  mode  of  carrying  harfh  mea- 
sures into  effect,  was  purpofely  adopted.  My  intenti- 
on is  merely  to  mow,  that  fuch  as  indifcriminately 
vilify  thofe  who  have  reforted  to  precautions  dictated 
by  prudence,  do  not  weigh  the  matter  in  the  fcales  of 
impartial  juftice. 

Governor  Moultrie's  proclamation,  announcing  the 
exigence  of  the  malignant  fever  in  the  Grenadas,  &c. 
and  ordering  a  quarantine,  is  dated  the  7th  of  June. 

Some  of  the  poftmafters,  in  the  different  ftates,  ufed 
the  precaution  to  dip  Philadelphia  letters  into  vinegar 
with  a  pair  of  tongs,  before  they  handled  them.  Seve- 
ral of  the  fubfcribers  for  Philadelphia  papers,  made 
their  fervants  fprinkle  them  with  vinegar,  and  dry 
them  at  the  lire,  before  they  would  venture  to  touch 
them. 


Jofepri  Inlkeep  attended  feveral  fick  perfons  in  a 
family  near  him.  When  he  was  ill  himtelf,  he  wanted 
afliftance*,  and  fent  for  fome  of  them  to  attend  him — r 
but  they  ungratefullv  refufed !  O  Shame  !  where  is 
thy  bluih  ? 

Many  of  our  citizens  who  fled  from  the  city, 
neglected  or  forgot  to  leave  their  fervants  money 
enough  for  their  fupport ;  fo  that  fome  of  thefe  poor 
creatures  had  to  depend  for  iuftenance  on  the  chari- 
ty of  their  neighbours. 


Some  of  our  unemployed  tradefmen  wifhed  to  pro- 
:  at   the  new   roads  now  makh 

*  His  wife  was  ill  at  the  feme  time. 


cure  work  at   the  new   roads  now  making.  But  the 


(     8o    ) 

people  who  were  employed,  agreed,  that  if  they  were 
engaged,  that  they  would  all  abandon  their  work  ;  fo 
that  the  overfeers  were  obliged  to  renounce  the  idea. 

The  incautious  fecurity  of  the  citizens  of  Phila* 
delphia,  at  the  firft  ltage  of  the  diforder,  is  highly 
to  be  regretted.  Moft  of  thofe  who  died  of  the  malig- 
nant diibrder,  before  the  26th  of  Au^uft,  were  carri- 
ed to  burial  with  the  accuftomed  parade  of  atten- 
dants which  fo  generally  prevail  in  this  city.  The 
chief  of  the  perfons  who  at  that'  time  carried  the  dead 
to  the  grave,  and  feveral  of  thofe  who  attended  the 
funerals,  were  fpeedily  taken  fick,  and  hurried  into 
eternity. 


Sebaftian  Ale,  an  old  grave-digger,  who  had  long 
loft  the  fenfe  of  fmelling,  fancied  he  could  not  take 
the  diforder,  and  followed  his  bufinels  without  ap- 
prehenfion.  A  hufband  and  his  wife  who  lay -fick  to- 
gether, wifhed  to  be  interred  in  the  fame  grave.  Their 
deaths  happened  within  a  few  days  of  each  other. 
When  the  latter  of  the  two  was  to  be  buried,  xSebaf- 
tian  was  employed  to  dig  open  the  other's  grave.  He 
ft  ruck  upon  and  broke  the  coffin,  and  in  ftooping 
down,  received  into  his  mouth  fuch  an  intolerable 
and  deadly  flench,  that  he  was  taken  lick  immediately, 
and  in  a  day  or  two  died. 

The  fcourge  of  the  yellow  fever  has  fallen  with  ex- 
treme feverity  on  fome  families.  There  are  various 
inftances  of  five  and  fix,  and  fome  of  eight,  ten,  and 
of  Godfrey  Gebler's  family  no  lefs  than  eleven  were 
fwept  off  the  face  of  the  earth.  Dr.  Sproat,  his  wife, 
fon,  and  daughter — Michael  Hay,  his  wife,  and  three 
children — David  Fiickwir  and  five  of  his  family — Sa- 
muel Weatherby,  wife,  and  four  grown  children,  are 
no  more.  And  there  are  numbeilefs  inftances  of  a 
havee  equally  great  in  particular  families.  There  is 
one  houfe  in  this  city,  from  which  above  twenty  per- 


(     8.     ) 

•ons  \vere  carried,  fome  to  Bufhhill,  but  the  moft  of 
them  to  the  grave. 


■■<  ■■<  <S£  <s  <s>  ••<••< 


There  is  one  fact  refpccting  this   diforder,   which 
renders  it  probable,  that  the  exercife  of  the   duties 
of   humanity   towards   the  fugitive  Philadelphians, 
would  not  have  been  attended  with  the  danger  uni- 
verfally  imagined.  In  defiance  of  all   the  refolutions 
entered  into  by  the  inhabitants  of  various  towns,  ma- 
ny of  our  infected  citizens  evaded  their  vigilance,  and 
took  refuge  among  then!  ;  and  in  very  few  cafes  is  it 
known  that  they  communicated  the  infection. — Three 
perfons  died  of  this  diforder,  in  one  houfe  near  Wood- 
bury, in  Ntw  Jerfey ;  they  had  been  attended  during 
their  illnefs,  by  the  family,  none  of  whom  caught  the 
difeafe.      Six  cr  feven  died  at  Darby,  as  many  at  Ger- 
mantown,  and  eight  at  Haddonfield,   without  com- 
municating it  to  any  of  the  inhabitants.  A  man  from 
Philadelphia,  of  the  name  of  Cornell,  died  in  New 
York,  about  two  days  after  his  arrival.    The  place  of 
his  death  was  a  boarding  houfe,  in  which  were  feveral 
boarders,  one  of  whom  flept  in  the  fame  bed  with  him. 
Two  of  the  family  only  were   flightly  affected — -but 
not  in  fuch  a  degree  as  to  require  medical  aid.  Seve- 
ral other  infected  perfons  from  our  city,  died  there, 
and  no  one  caught  the  infection  from  them.    A  man 
died  at  one  of  the  principal  taverns  in  Baltimore,  of 
the  fame  diforder.  Many  people  had  vifited  and  atten- 
ded him  during  the  whole  of  his  illnefs,  without  in- 
jury. No  perfotti  was  affected  but  his  doctor,  whofe  in- 
difpofitidn  was  not  oflongcominuar.ee.  Agrfeat  num- 
ber of  limilar  instances  have  occurred  at   Burlington, 
BordentOn,  Lamberton,  Princeton,  Brunfwic,  Wood- 
bridge,  Newark,  Lancafter,  and  various  other  places. 
Since  the  firft  edition  appeared,   I  have  had  infor- 
mation from  a  number  of  creditable  perfons,  that  the 
i  that  the  diforder  has  not  been  communicated  out 
hia,  is  erroneous.  A  family,  of  the  name 
:er,  near  Woodbury,  took  it  from  feme  Of  our 
nd  three  of  them  died.   A  womaii 
L 


(        S2        ) 

in  Chefter  countv.  who  had  boarded  and  lodged  fbme 
of  the  lick,  died  of  the  malignant  fever.  Three  peo- 
ple, of  one  family  in  Trenton,  took  it  from  a  fick  per- 
fonfrom  Philadelphia,  and  died  of  it.  A  negro  fervant 
belonging  to  mr.  Morgan,  of  Penfaucon  creek,  in 
New  Jerfey,  took  up  an  infected  bed  floating  m  the 
Delaware,  which  fpread  the  diforder  in  the  family, 
and  mrs.  Morgan  and  her  girl  both  died  of  it.  It  was 
introduced  by  his  fon  from  Philadelphia,  into  the  fa- 
mily of  mr.  Cadwailadcr,  at  Abington,  fome  of  whom 
died  with  it.  Some  others  in  different  places  caught 
the  infection,  and  died.  But  the  cafes  of  this  kind 
have  been  extremely  few,  confidering  the  numbers, 
who  carried  the  diforder  from  hence,  and  died  with 
it  in  the  country. 

C  II  A  P.   XVII.  Another  colkcl  ion  off  craps. 

I^HOSE  who  reflect  on  the  many  mocking  cafes  of 
cruelty  and  defertion  of  friends  arid  relations 
which  occurred  in  Philadelphia,  however  they  may  re- 
gret, cannot  be  furprifed,  that  in  the  country,  and  in 
various  towns  and. cities,  inhumanity  mould  be  expe- 
rienced by  Philadelphians,  from  ftrangers.  The  uni- 
verfal  confternation*  extinguished  in  people's  breairs 
the  moft  honourable  feelings  of  human  nature  ;  and  in 
this  cafe,  as  in  various  others,  the  fufpicion  operated 
as  injuriouily  as  the  reality.  Many  travellers  from  this 
city,  exhausted  with  fatigue  and  with  hunger,  have 
been  refufed  fb.elter  and  fuftenance,  and  have  fallen 
victims  to  the  fears,  not  to  the  want  of  charity,  of 
fe  to  whom  they  applied  for  relief*.  Instances  of 
this  kind  have  occurred  on  almoft  every  road  leading 
from  Philadelphia.  People  under  fufpicion  of  havi 
this  diforder,  have  been  forced  by  their  fellow  travel- 
lers to  quit;  the  ftages,  and  peiifhed  in  the  w  i  >ods  with- 
out apoiiibility  of  procuring  any  affiftance.  AtEafcon, 
in  Maryland,  a  wai  from  Phila< 

*  The  fir 
precautions  :. 
country  people. 


(  fe  ) 

phia  was  actually  burned ;  and  a  woman,  who  came 
with  it,  was,  it  is  faid,  tarred  and  feathered  i 

In  a  town  in  Jerfey,  anaffociation  was  entered  into 
to  prevent  all  intercourfe  with  Philadelphia,  and  the 
inhabitants  agreed  to  mount  guard,  alternately.  One 
man,  who  was  principled  againft  this  feverity,  refufed 
to  do  duty,  or  join  in  the  combination.  He  was  adver- 
tifedj  and  all  people  forbidden  to  have  any  communi- 
cation with  him — indeed  he  was  abfolutely  refufed 
the  necefTaries  of  life— -a  butcher,  who  paffed  his  door, 
told  him,  when  applied  to  for  provifions,  that  he  had 
meat  enough,  but  none  for  him.  Having  gone,  for 
a  fhort  time,  from  home,  in  the  direction  towards 
Philadelphia,  but  not  within  thirty  miles  of  the  city, 
the  centinel  on  duty  flopped  him  on  his  return — and 
he  perfifting  in  his  determination  to  proceed,  the 
other  prefentea  his  firelock,  and  it  is  fuppofed  would 
have  fhot  him,  but  for  the  interference  of  a  third 
perfon. 

The  fon  of  a  citizen  of  Philadelphia?  arrived  at  a 
town  in  Virginia  fourteen  days  before  the  time  of 
fixing  the  quarantine,  which  was  for  twenty  days. 
However,  he  was  ftill  obliged  to  undergo  the  full  qua- 
rantine after  that  time,  which  made  thirty-four  days, 
exclufive  of  above  fix  days  fpent  on  the  road. 

An   emigrant  from  Philadelphia,   who    had  been 

away  nearly  three  weeks,  had  to  crofs  a  ferry  in  a 

neighbouring  ftate,  and  was   provided  with  proper 

certificates  of  the  length  of  time  he  was  abfent.  He 

... 
got  into  the  fcow,  with  his   wife,   and  carriage,  and 

was  rowed  over  to  the  oppofite  fide.  There  he  was  re- 
fufed permiffion  to  land,  as  he  had  not  a  pertificate 
from  a  particular  magistrate  in  that  part  of  the  coun- 
try. He  leaped  out  of  the  fcow,  en  a  rock,  and  the 
centinel  fwore  he  would  blow  his  brains  out,  if  he 
advanced  a  ftep  farther.  His  wife,  who  was  in  the 
boat,  was  under  the  molt  dreadful  apprehenfion 

ymen  were  drunk,  the  hories  in   the  CarHag : 


(     S4     ) 

fretful,  and  the  wind  high.  In  fpite  of  his  intrea: 
and  his  offers  to  prove  the  length  of  his  abfence,  he 
was  obliged  to  return  in  quell  of  the  magiftrate  poin- 
ted out.  When  he  arrived  at  his  houfe,  which  was 
feveral  miles  from  the  ferry,  the  juflice  concealed  him- 
felf,  though  fear  of  catching  the  diibrder.  He  then 
went  to  another,  fome  miles  further  back.  By  the  time 
he  returned  to  the  ferry,  it  was  nine  o'clock,  and 
he  had  to  wait  till  next  morning. 

A  poor  man  was  taken  lick  on  the  road  at  a  village 
not  far  from  Philadelphia.  He  lay  calling  for  water, 
a  confiderable  time  in  vain.  At  length,  an  old  woman 
brought  a  pitcher  full,  and  not  daring  to  approach 
him,  me  laid  it  at  a  diftance,  deliring  him  to  crawl  to 
it,  which  he  did.  After  lying  there  about  forty-eight 
hours,  he  died  ;  and  the  body  lay  in  a  ftate  of  putre- 
faction for  fome  time,  until  the  neighbours  hired  two 
black  butchers  to  bury  him,  for  twenty-four  dollars. 
They  dug  a  pit  to  windward — with  a  fork,  hooked 
a  rope  about  his  neck — dragged  him  into  it — and, 
at  as  great  a  diftance  as  ppilible,  call  earth  into  the  pit 
tc  cover  hiin. 

One  of  our  citizens  loft  hi*  brother  in  the  country 
with  the  malignant  fever  ;  and,  owing  to  the  fears  of 
the  neighbours,  could  not  prevail  on  any  perfon  even 
to  make  him  a  coffin.  He  was  obliged  to  wrap  hirn  up 
in  a  blanket,  to  disc  a  grave  for  him,  and  biflrv  him 
with  his  own  hands. 

..<(..@®@.<f.. 

In  a  fmall  town  not  far  diftant  from  Philadelphia, 
very  arbitrary  attempts  were  unfeelingly  made  to 
oblige  one  of  our  fugitives  to  mount  guard  againft 
his  own  fellow  citizens.  He  refuted  ;  and  finding  him 
refolute  againft  every  eflbrt,  they  were  obliged  to. 
fiefifl. 

In  one  of  the  American  ports,  a  Philadelphia  vef- 
icl,  juil  arrived,  was  forced  to  return  to  fea  wit! 


(  h  ) 

two  gallons  of  water  for  each  man.  In  the  fame  port, 
one  of  the  captains  from  our  city  had  his  boat  ftove 
to  pieces. 

The  17th  of  September,  the  weilern  ihorc  Baltimore 
;j  was  ftopped  about  two  miles  from  that  town, 
by  *an  armed  guard.  The  hour  of  arrival  was  about 
tight  o'clock  at  night.  There  was  a  tavern  at  piftol- 
fhot  from  the  place.  But  the  tavern  keeper  refufed  to 
receive  the  paflengers,  twelve  in  number.  They  were 
detained  on  the  road  all  night  without  any  fhelter 
but  the  ftage,  in  which  they  dozed  a  part  of  the 
night ;  during  the  remainder  of  it,  they  lay  before 
a  fire  which  they  had  kindled  in  the  woods.  Next 
morning,  the  tavern-keeper,  one  Murray,  an  inhuman 
Goth,  when  they  fent  to  him  for  breakfaft,  refufed  to 
give  them  any.  But  about  two  hours  afterwards,  he 
flet  them  have  fome  bread,  cheefe,  wine,  and  cider, 
with  which  they  breakfafted  on  the  road.  In  this  iitu- 
ation  they  remained  until  the  afternoon,  that  is,  for 
eighteen  hours.  A  captain  in  the  French  navy,  with 
his  wife,  and  feveral  French  gentlemen,  were  among 
the  Daflensrers. 


A  refpeclable  citizen  of  Philadelphia  left  the  city 
on  the  17th  of  September,  intending  to  refide  on 
|.ong  Ifland  till  the  diforder  ceafed.  li^:  was  taken  ill 
on  the  road — and  prevented  from  proceeding,  near 
Newark.  Fie  took  lodgings  at  a  captain  LittePs  near 
Second  river.  The  alarm  fpread  of  an  infected  man 
being  in  the  houfe — the  neighbours  affembled — fixed  a 
fence  on  each  lide  of  Littel's  houfe,  and  obliged  the 
people  to  remove  out  of  a  houfe  near  to  it,  which  the 
fence  likewife  enclofed.  The  road  and  river  lay  before 
j.iitei's  door  ;  the  former  was  entirely  c\it  off  by  the 
ience,  which  run  clear  to  the  river.  At  the  diftance 
of  a  hundred  yards,  was  a  church,  in  which  public 
worlhip  was  intermitted  for  three  or  four  weeks, 
.through  fear.  Travellers  took  a  circuitous  route  of 
■•,  to  avoid  dano-cr. 


(     86 


* 


At  length  he  died — and  his  fon,  about  nine  years 
old,  had  to  afiift  in  performing  the  laft  melancholy 
rites  for  him.  The  fence  remained  for  ten  days  after 
his  death,  to  afcertain  whether  or  not  his  family  had 
taken  the  diforder. 

Juftice  requires  me  to  add,  that  they  were  not  fuf- 
fered  to  be  in  want  of  any  neceffaries.  They  were  di- 
rected to  write  what  they  had  occafion  for,  on  a  paper 
and  fatten  it  on  the  fence.  Perfons  were  appointed  to 
fupply  them  with  whatever  was  requiiite. 


«<►••  <&  <s>  <se>— <►•« 


An  artful  girl,  jufl  from  Philadelphia,  completely 
deceived  the  centinel  flationed  near  Bordentown.  She 
afked  him,  with  much  earnejtnefs,  as  if  afraid  to  ven- 
ture in,  was  that  there  confounded  yellow  fever  got 
into  the  town  ? — "  No,"  fays  he,  "  you  may  go  in 
with  as  much  fafety  as  to  your  own  home."  I  need  not 
add,  that  fhe  went  forward. 


»4r~<G£>  <^<SS>  ••<>•• 


A  Philadelphian,  in  a  fmall  town  near  this  city,  loft 
his  child  in  the  fever,  and  went  to  bury  it.  On  his 
return,  he  found  all  his  furniture  on  the  road,  and  the 
doors  locked  :  and  no  intreaties  could  again  procure 
him  admittance. 


~« ■•*  @:  <^>  1&§>*-Y~ 


When  tar  was  in  ufe  among  the  various  preventa- 
tives, a  boy  was  determined  to  fecure  himfelf  by  night 
as  well  as  by  day  ;  and  accordingly  tied  a  tarred  rope 
twice  about  his  neck,    and  afterwards  buttoned  his 

ir  with  fome  difficulty.  He  woke  in  the  night, 
half  ftrangled,  and  black   in  the  face.    He  may  with 

•:e  be  (aid  to  have  nearly  choaked  himfelf,  to  fave. 
hi*  life. 


It  would  be  extraordinary  if'  fo  very  favourable  an 
opportunity  of  inventing  marvellous  ftories,  mould 
e  been  fufTered  to  pafs  over  without  fome  prodi -■ 
gies  being  recorded.    Mankind  are  ever  prone  to 


(     87     ) 

extravagant,  efpecially  when  their  paffions  are  warm- 
ed. And  pity  and  terror,  two  paffions  particularly 
calculated  to  fofter  this  difpofition,  being  roufed  into 
action  to  the  higheft  degree,  the  marvellous  {lories, 
which  were  every  where  current,  and  which  even 
ftole  into  print,  can  be  eafily  accounted  for.  Some  of 
the  Maryland  papers  relate,  that  "  a  voice  had  been 
heard  in -the  ftreets  of  Philadelphia,  warning  the 
inhabitants  to  prepare  for  their  doom,  as  written 
in  the  prophet  Ezekiel,  ch.  27."  The  Marylander 
who  heard  this  voice,  was  certainly  gifted  with  a  moft 
extraordinary  ear,  as,  at  the  diflance  of  above  a  hun- 
dred miles,  he  heard  what  we  could  not  hear  on  the 
fpot.  And  it  would  appear  that  his  fight  was  equally 
good  with  his  hearing  ;  for  he  faw  two  angels  con- 
verfing  with  the  watch.  It  is  true,  he  is  too  modefl  to 
fay,  he  faw  them  himfelf — he  only  fays  "  two  angels 
were  feen  converfing  with  the  watch  at  midnight, 
about  the  fubject  of  what  the  voice  had  previously 
proclaimed."  But  no  perfon  here  having  ever  feen 
them — it  is  fairly  prefumable,  as  it  would  be  highly 
criminal  to  doubt  of  facts  refting  on  fuch  authority, 
that  he  mull;  have  been  the  eye-witnefs  himfelf. 

A  merchant  of  Philadelphia,  who  had  been  abfent 
for  feveral  weeks,  was  returning  to  the  city  in  the 
fecond  week  of  November,  having  heard  that  the 
danger  was  no  more.  He  met  a  man  on  the  road  go- 
ing  from  Philadelphia  ;  and  naturally  enquired  into 
the  ftate  of  affairs.  The  other  told  him,  that  a  coffin 
maker,  who  had  been  employed  by  the  committee  for 
relief  of  the  fick,  had  found  fuch  a  decreafe  of  de- 
mand two  weeks  before,  that  he  had  a  large  fupply 
of  coffins  on  hand ;  but  that  the  mortality  had  again 
fo  far  increafed,  that  he  had  fold  all,  and  had  feven 
journeymen  employed  day  and  night.  This  fo  alarmed 
the  Philadelphian,  that  he  again  returned  with  his  fa* 
■~,  to  wait  a  more  favourable  iffue. 


(     33     ) 

A  drunken  failor  lay  in  the  ftreet,  in  the  northern 
liberties,  for  a  few  hours  alleep,  and  was  fuppofed  by 
the  neighbours  to  be  dead  with  the  difcrder  :  but 
they  were  too  much  afraid,  to  make  perfonal  exami- 
nation. They  fent  to  the  committee  at  the  city  hall  for 
a  cart  and  a  coflin.  The  carter  took  the  man  by  the 
heels,  and  was  going  to  nut  him  into  the  coffin. 
Handling  him  roughly,  he  awoke,  and- damning  his 
eyes,  afked  him  what  he  was  about  ?  the  carter  let 
him  drop  in  a  fright,  and  ran  off  as  if  a  ghoft  was 
at  his  heels. 

A  lunatic,  who  had  the  malignant  fever,  was  ad- 
vifed,  by  his  neighbours,  to  go  to  Bufhhiil.  He  con- 
fented,  and  got  into  the  cart  ;  but  foon  changing  his 
mind,  he  flipt  out  at  the  end,  unknown  to  the  car- 
ter, who,  after  a  while,  miffing  him,  and  feeing  him  at 
a  diftance  running  away,  turned  his  horfe  about,  and 
trotted  hard  after  him.  The  other  doubled  his  pace; 
and  the  carter  whipped  his  horfe  to  a  gallop  ;  but  the 
man  turned  a  corner,  and  hid  himfelf  in  a  houfe,  leav- 
ing the  mortified  carter  to  return,  and  deliver  an. ac- 
count of  his  ludicrous  adventure. 

Several  inftances    have  occurred  of  ihz  carter-  r ;. 
their  arrival  at   Sufhhillj  :\:io.  proceeding  to   deliver 
up  their  charge,  finding,  to  their  amazement,  the  c. 
empty. 

voman,  whofe  hu  Pound  died,  rerufed  to   h:.v? 

him  buried  in  a  coffin  provided  for  her  by  one  of  her 

fritnds,  as  too  paltry  and  mean.  She  bought  an  e!e- 

i  colli  y  One — and  had  the  other  laid  by  in  the" 

[n  a  week,  {he  was  herfelf  a  corpie — and  v 

buried  in  the  scry  coffin  (he  had  fo  much  defpii 

of  a  man  who  lived   in  Walnul 
i  the  malignant  fever,  and  given  o 
tiufband 


(     89    ) 

next  night  lay  out  of  the  houfe  for  fear  of  catching 
the  infection.  In  the  morning,  takirag  it  for  granted, 
from  the  very  low  flate  flie  had  been  in,  that  fhe  was 
dead,  he  purchafed  a  coffin  for  her  ;  but  on  entering 
the  houfe,  was  furprife-d  to  fee  her  much  recovered. 
He  fell  fick  (hortly  after,  died,  and  was  buried  in  the 
very  coffin,  which  he  had  fo  precipitately  bought  for 
his  wife,  who  is  ftill  living. 

The  powers  of  the  god  of  love  might  be  imagined 
to  lie  dormant  amidft  fuch  fcenes  of  diftrefs  as  Buih- 
hill  exhibited.  But  we  find  that  his  fway  was  felt 
there  with  equal  force  as  any  where  elle.  John  John- 
fon,  and  Prifcilla  Hicks,  two  of  the  patients,  who  had 
recovered,  and  officiated  as  nurfes  to  the  fick,  were 
fmittenwitheach  other's  charms — and^procuring  leave 
of  abfence  for  an  hour  or  two,  they  came  to  the  city 
on  the  23d  of  September,  were  joined  in  the  bands 
of  matrimony,  and  returned  to  their  avocation  at  the 
hofpital.  A  long  chafm  took  place  in  the  hymeneal  re- 
cords ;  for  no  adventure  of  the  fame  kind  occurred, 
until  the  5th  of  JsTovember,  when  Naffy,  a  Portu- 
guefe  mulatto,  took  to  wife  Hannah  Smith,  a 
bouncing  German  girl,  who,  as  well  as  himfelf,  was 
employed  as  nurfe. 

The  ftate  of  the  police  and  of  fociety  in  Philadel- 
phia, appears  to  no  iinall  advantage,  when  we  confider 
one  circumftance.  Notwithftandins;  the  abfence  of  the 
magiftrates,  and  the  immenfe  value  of  property  left 
unprotected  through  the  fears  of  the  owners,  and  the 
deaths  of  the  perfons  left  to  take  care  of  it,  there  was 
only  one  or  two  burglaries  committed. — One  was  at- 
tempted :  but  the  rogues  were  difcovered  and  taken. 
A  hardened  villain  from  a  neighbouring  ftate,  formed 
a  plot  with  fome  negroes  to  plunder  homes.  He  was 
a  mafter  rogue,  had  digefted  a  complete  fyftem,  and 
formed  a  large  partnerfhip  for  the  more  fuccefsful  ex- 
ecution of  his  fchemes.  However,  he  was  foon  feized5 
jukJ  the  company  diiTolved. 

M 


(    9°    ) 

The  jail  of  Philadelphia  is  under  fuch  excellent  re- 
gulation, that  the  diforder  made  its  appearance  there 
-only  in  two  or  three  inftanccs,  although  fuch  abodes 
of  mifery  are  the  places  where  contagious  diforders  are 
mod  commonly  generated.  When  the  yellow  fever 
raged  moft  violently  in  the  city,  there  were  in  the 
jail  one  hundred  and  fix  French  foldiers  and  tailors, 
confined  by  order  of  the  French  conful ;  befides  eighty 
convicts,  vagrants,  and  perfons  for  trial ;  ail  of  whom, 
except  two  or  three,  remained  perfectly  free  from  the 
complant.  Several  circumilances  confpired  to  produce 
this  falutary  effect.  The  people  confined  were  frequent- 
ly cleanfed  and  purified  by  the  ufe  of  the  cold  bath 
— they  were  kept  conftantly  employed — vegetables 
formed  a  confiderable  part  of  their  diet — in  the  yard, 
vegetation  flourifhed — and  many  of  them  being  em- 
ployed in  ftone-cutting,  the  water,  conftantly  running, 
kept  the  atmofphere  in  a  moiit.  ftate,  while  the  peo- 
ple of  Philadelphia  were  almoft  uninterruptedly 
parched  up  by  unceafing  heat.  Elijah  Weed,  the 
late  jailor,  caught  the  diforder  in  the  city,  and  died 
in  the  jail,  without  communicating  it  to  any  of  the 
people  confined.  I  hope  I  mall  be  excufed  for  paying  a 
tribute  to  the  memory  of  this  valuable  citizen,  under 
wli(  e  government  of  the  jail,  and  with  whole  hearty 
co-operation,  moil  of  the  regulations  in  :hat  inititu- 
tion  have  been  effected,  which,  with  the  fuccefsful 
:riments  made  in  England,  prove  that  jails  may 
be  eafily  converted  from  finks  of  human  depravity 
and  wretchednefs,  into  places  of  reformation  ;  fo  that, 
inftead  of  rendering  the  idle  vagrant,  confined 
merely  on  fufpicion,  or  for  want  of  friends  to  protect 
him,  obdurate,  wicked,  and  ripe  for  rapine  and  fpoil, 
— the  profligate  and  abandoned  may  be  fo  reclaimed 
in  them,  as,  on  their  liberation,  to  become  ufeful 
members  of  fociety.  For  the  honour  of  human  nature, 
it  ought  to  be  recorded,  that  fome  of  the  convicts 
in  the  jail,  a  part  of  the  term  of  whofe  confinement 
had  been  remitted,  as  a  reward  for  their  peaceable,  or- 
derly behaviour,  voluntarily  offered  themfelves  as 
nurfes,  to  attend  the  fick  at  Bufh-hill,  and  have  in 


(    9«     > 

that  capacity  conducted  themfelves  with  great  fidelity., 
Among  them  are  fome  who  were  formerly  regarded, 
and  with  jufcce,  as  hardened,  abandoned  villains, 
which  the  old  fyftem  ufiially  rendered  every  tenant 
of  a  jail,  who  remained  there  a  few  weeks.  According; 
to  the  lame  fummary  fyitem,  thefe  men's  lives  would 
have  been  long  fince  offered  up  as  an  atonement  to 
ibciety  for.  the  injury  they  had  done  it. That  is,  in  plain- 
Englifh,  becaufe  foci ety  had  mffered  one  injury  by  ra- 
pine, it  was  neceffary  it  mould  fuffer  another  by  law. 
But  by  the  preient  improved  and  humane  plan,  they 
and  great  numbers  of  others  are  reftored  to  fociety 
and  ufefulnefs  once  more.  So  much  better,  although  a 
little  more  troublefome,  is  it9  to  reform  men,  thaa 
to  butcher  them  under  colour  of  law  and  juftice. 

The  fympathy  for  our  calamities,  difplayed  in  vari- 
ous places,  and  the  very  liberal  contributions  raifed 
for  our  relief,  reflect:  the  higheft  honour  on  their  in- 
habitants, and  demand  our  warmefr.  gratitude.  The 
inhabitants  of  Gloucefter  county,  in  New  Jerfey,  have 
the  honour  of  being  firft  in  this  laudable  race.  So 
early  as  the  30th  of  September,  they  had  a  confldera* 
ble  turn  collected,  with  which  they  purchafed  a  quan- 
tity Of  provifions  for  the  ufe  of  the  hofpital  at  Bufh- 
hill.  They  have,  from  that  time,  regularly  continued 
copious  fupplies  twice  a  week.  In  addition  to  this, 
they  have  made,  and  are  now  making,  confiderable 
purchafes  of  wood,  for  the  relief  of  the  poor  during 
the  winter.  From  a  few  citizens  of  Philadelphia,  near 
Gcrmantown,  there  have  been  received  two  thoufand 
dollars  ;  from  others  near  Darby,  fourteen  hundred  ; 
from  New  York,  live  thoufand  ;  from  a  perfon  un~ 
known,  five  hundred  ;  from  Bucks'  county,  iixteen 
hundred  ;  from  Delaware  county,  twelve  hundred ; 
from  Franklin  county,  nearly  five  hundred  ;  from 
Bofton,  fundry  articles,  which  have  been  fold  tor 
nearly  two  thoufand;  and  from  fundry  other  perfon* 
and  places,  contributions  equally  liberal  and  honour* 
able, 


(      92      ) 

There  has  been  a  very  ftrong  analogy  between  the 
ft  ate  of  Philadelphia,  and  that  of  an  army.  About 
the  clofe  of  Auguft,  and  till  the  middle  of  Septem- 
ber, when  the  dangers  were  few,  and,  by  prudent 
management,  might  have  been  eafily  furmounted,  an 
univerfal  trepidation  benumbed  people's  faculties  ; 
and  flight  and  felf-prefervation  feemed  to  engrofs  the 
whole  attention  of  a  large  proportion  of  the  citizens. 
Juft  fo,  with  an  army  of  recruits.  Every  breath  of 
wind  terrifies  them.  Vague  rumours  are  heard  with 
fear  and  trembling.  In  every  tree  at  a  diftance  is  be- 
beheld  a  formidable  enemy,  to  whom  they  are  ready 
to  lay  down  their  arms,  and  furrender  at  difcretion. 
But  when  the  "  din  of  arms,  and  cannon's  rattle" 
have  familiarized  them  with  the  horrid  trade  of  death, 
the  obftinate  phalanx  beholds,  unmoved,  its  ranks 
mowed  down,  and  death  advancing,  with  rapid  ftrides, 
to  terminate  their  (asit  is  falfely termed )glorious career. 
—Even  thus  was  it  here.  Towards  the  clofe  of  Sep- 
tember,  and  during  the  firft  part  of  October,  when 
the  horrors  of  the  fcene  were  conftantly  increafing,  and 
from  fifty  to  a  hundred  were  interred  daily,  then 
people  call  away  their  various  preventatives — thieves' 
vinegar,  tarred  ropes,  garlic,  camphor  bags,  fmelling 
bottles,  &c. — And  then  it  was,  that  they  afiumed  a 
manly  fortitude,  tempered  with  the  fober,  ferious  pen- 
fivenefs,  befitting  iuch  an  awful  fcene. 

A  friend,  to  whom  1  communicated  this  idea,  has 
endeavoured  to  explain  the  matter  differently.  He 
fays,  that  thofe  who  were  terrified  at  firft,  generally 
fled  away-r— and  left  behind  fuch  as  were  poflefTcd  of 
a  ftronger  frame  of  mind.  This  is  an  error  ;  as  many 
men,  who  were  among  the  moft  itriking  inftances  of 
the  influence  of  terror  at  firft,  behaved,  in  the  end, 
with  the  moft  exemplary  fortitude. 

Shall  I  be  pardoned  for  pafling  a  cenfure  on  thofe, 
whofe  miitaken  zeal  led  them,  during  the  moft  dread- 
ful ftages  of  the  calamity,  to  croud  fome  of  our  chur- 
ches, and  aid  this  frightful  enemy  in  his  work  of  dc- 
ftru&ion  .?  who,  fearful,  left  their  prayers  and  adora. 


.      (    93    3 

tion  at  home  would  not  find  acceptance  before  the 
Deity,  reforted  to  churches  filled  with  bodies  of  con- 
tagious air,  where,  with  every  breath,  they  inhaled 
noxious  miafmata  ?  To  this  fmgle  caufe  I  am  bold  in, 
afcribing  a  large  proportion  of  the  mortality — And. 
it  is  remarkable,  that  thofe  congregations,  whofe  pla- 
ces of  worihip  were  moil  crouded,  have  fiiffered  the 
moil  dreadfully.  Will  men  never  acquire  wifdom? 
Are  we  yet  to  learn,  that  the  Almighty  architect:  of 
the  heavens  a-nd  earth,  does  nor  require  "  temples 
"  made  with  men's  hands?"'  that  going  to  a  place  of 
worihip,  againft  the  great  law  of  feli-prefervation, 
implanted  in  indelible  characters  by  his  divine  hand, 
on  the  breaft  of  every  one  of  his  creatures,  conftitutes 
no  part  of  the  adoration  due  to  the  maker  and  prefer- 
ver  of  mankind  ?  That  a  "  meek  and  humble  heart" 
is  the  temple  wherein  he  delights  to  be  worlhipped  r  I 
hope  not — I  hope  the  awful  leflon  fome  of  our  congre- 
gations hold  forth  on  this  fubjeft,  by  a  mortality  out 
of  all  proportion  to  their  numbers,  will  ferve  as  a  me- 
mento, at  all  future  times,  in  the  like  critical  emer- 
gencies !* 

— <&*a&<&> — 

Some  of  thofe  who  remained  in  the  city,  have,  for 
reafons  not  very  eafy  to  juftify,  been  in  the  habit  of 
reproaching  thofe  who  fled,  with  criminality,  as  defer- 
ters,  who  abandoned  their  polls  j .  I  believe,  on   the 

*  This  paragraph,  although  erroneous,  is  retained,  that  I  may 
have  an  opportunity,  which  I  chearfully  embrace,  of  acknow- 
ledging the  miftake  I  have  committed.  On  a  revifion  of  the  bills 
of  mortality,  it  appears,  that  thofe  congregations  who  kept  vp 
religious  worfhip  regularly,  did  not  lofe  more  than,  and  fome 
not  fo  many  as,  their  ufual  proportions.  In  one  year,  ending 
July  31,  1793,  the  German  Lutherans  buried  more  than  a  fixth 
of  the  whole  number  of  the  dead  in  the  city — the  German  re- 
formed, a  fifteenth — the  Friends,  a  tenth — and  St.  Mary's,  an 
eighth.  From  Auguftt,  to  Nov.  o,  1793,  the  burials  among  the 
German  Lutherans  were  not  quite  a  fixth — among  the  German. 
Reformed,  nearly  a  fixteenth — among  the  Friends,  an  eleventh— 
and  in  St.  Mary's  grave-yard,  a  fixteenth.  Thefe  were  the  con- 
gregations I  alluded  to,  in  the  above  remarks. 

f  If  they  were  even  guilty  of  a  crime,  it  brought  its  own  pn. 
nifliment ;  as  I  am  fully  convinced,  that  thofe  who  were  abfent, 
and  a  prey  to  the  anxiety  caufed  by  the  frightful  reports  current^ 
offered  as  much  as  thofe  who  remained  in  the  city, 


('  94    ) 

contrary,  that  as  the  nature  of  our  government  did 
not  allow  the  arbitrary  meajures  to  be  puriued,  which, 
in  defpotic  countries,  wouid  prouibiy  have  extin-. 
guiihed  the  diiordcr  at  an  early  period — it  was  the 
duty  of  every  periQD  to  avoid  the  danger,  whoie  c:r- 
cuiiii;ances  and  ikuation  allowed  it.  The  effects  ol  the 
defer  lion  were,  moreover,  iaiutary*.  Thefphere  of 
action  of  the  diforder  was  diminimed.  Two  or  three 
empty  houfes  arrefted  the  difeafein  its  progreJs,  as  it 
was  liowiy,.  but  iurely  travelling  through  a  ltrect, 
and  prr  fcuedi  neighbourhood  from  its  rava- 

ges. We  ihaii  long  have  to  mourn  the,  fevere  lofs  our 
city  has  felt,  in  being  bereft  of  fo  many  valuable  citi- 
zens:  and  had  the  iv.oco,  who  retired,  been  in  the 
city  during  the  prevalence  of  the  diforder,  and  loft 
as  large  a  proportion  of  their  number,  as  thofe  did 
who  remained,  we  ihould,  initead  of40codead,  have 
loft  nearly  6000 ;  and  perhaps  had  to  deplore  in  the 
number,  another  Clow,  a  Cay,  a  Lea,  a  Sims,  a  Dun- 
kin,  a  Strawbridge,  men  of  extenfivc  bulinefs,  whofe 
lofs  will  be  long  felt — a  Fcnnir.gton,  a  Gientworth, 
aKutchinfon,  a  Sargeant,  a  Howell,  a  Waring*  n 
endowed  by  heaven  with  eminent  abilities — a  Fle- 
mirg,  a  Graefsl,  a  Sprcat,  men  of  exalted  piety  and 
virtue — a  Wilfon,  an  Adgate,  a  Baldwin,  a  Carroll, 
a  Tomkins,  an  Offley,  citizens  of  moil  eilimable  cha- 
racters. Let  thofe  then  who  have  remained,  regard 
their  long-abfent  friends,  as  if  preferred  from  death 
by  their  flight,  and  rejoice  at  their  return  in  health 
and  fafety.  Let  thofe  who  have  been  abfent,  acknow- 
ledge the  exertions  of  thofe  who  maintained  their 
ground.  Let  us  all  unite  in  the  utmoil  vigilance  to 
prevent  the  return  of  this  fell  deftroyer,  by  the  moft 
Scrupulous  attention  to  cleanfing  and  purifying  our 
fcourged  city — and  let  us  join  in  thanksgiving  to 
that  Supreme  Being,  who  has,  in  his  own  time,  ftay- 
ed  the  avenging  ilorm,  ready  to  devour  us,  after  it 
had  laughed  to  fcorn  all  human  efforts. 

*  Pei  haps  had  all  ©nrcfrizSeifs' remained,  famine -would  have 
been  added  to  our  calamity  ;  whereas,  the  markets  were  abun- 
dantly fupplied  during  the  whole  time.  The  prices,  too,  were, 
in  general  not  far  beyond  what  they  ufually  are  at  the  fame  lea- 
fon  of  the  year. 


Committee  for  relieving  the  fick  anfrtfiftreflfed,  appointed by  a  mrtf* 
itig  of  the  citizens  of  Philadeiphipj fuim/ioned  by  udvirt'tfeneni nt 
the  public  paper sf  Sept.  1 3,  1793. 

John  Letchworrh. 
James  bh:irf\voud. 
Samuel  Benge. 

S'Jl'tRINTENDANT   OF   THB   BURIAL* 
OP  THE  DEAD,    AND   fcSMOVAi.  «* 


PRESIDENT. 

Matthew  Cl^iclon. 

iJtORjTAKY. 

Caleb  Lounes. 

TREASURER. 

Thomas  Wiftar. 

Ma^AOIRS  O?  EUSHHILL  HOSPITAL. 

m  Uirard. 
Peter  Helm. 

OkI'IIAN    COM.MIi'flS. 

Ifrael  I 

John  Letchworth. 
}j..:.jb  Kerr. 
James  Sharftvpod. 

Committee  or  distribution. 
Ifrael  Ifrael. 
John  Haworth. 
James  Suaine. 
Mathew  Casey. 
Thomas  Savery. 
James  Kerr. 
Jacob  Witman. 


rut 
Samuel  Benge. 

Dl8  l  HJB;[  TOR    Olf    SUPPLIES. 

Henry  Deforeft. 

Committee  or  accounts. 
James  Sharfwood. 
John  Conclly. 
Committee  on  the  publication 

Or     LETTERS, 

Caleb  Lownes. 
Mathew  Carey. 

Deceased  member*, 
Andrew  Adgate. 
J.  D.  Sargcant. 
Daniel  OiHey. 
Jofeph  Iolkcep. 


Northern  Liberties 
William  Peter  Spi  agues. 
William   Gregory. 
Jacob  \\rifinan. 
James  Swaine. 
Jofeph  Burns. 

>  ge  Forepaugli. 
r  Snyder. 
Peter  Smith. 

Vine  to  Race  flrect, 
Rich.-ird  Whitehead. 
Jofeph  Kerr. 
John  Ettries. 

Race  to  Arch. 
Thomas  Willis. 
Daniel  Dawfort. 
Peter  Thorn  fon. 
Thomas  Allibone. 
Lambert  Wilmcr. 

Arch  to  Maket. 
William  Sanfom. 
J;:fi;iiian  Fox. 
Amos  Wickerfham. 

Market  to  Cksfnut. 
Arthur  Howell. 
Alexander  Cochran. 
Thomas  Dcbfou. 


Aft  ft  ant  committer,  chofenGttobtr  14. 

SAMUEL    COATES,  Chairman. 

John  Oldden,  Secretary. 

Chefnut  to  Walnut, 
Jeremiah  Paul. 
James  Cummins. 
Cafpet  W.  Morris. 
Thomas  Cafhere. 

Walnut  to  Spruce, 
George  Rutter. 
Benjamin  W.  Morris. 

Spruce  to  Pint". 
Samuel  Pancoaft,  jun. 
John  Woodllde. 
Lev!  Hollingnvorth. 
William  Watkins. 

Pine  to  South, 
John  Wood. 
Adam  Brittle. 
William  Eckard. 
Thomas  Dickfey. 
Fergus  M'Elwaine. 

Southwark, 
William  Innis. 
Richard  Me.iely. 
William  Robinfon,  fen. 
John  Grantham. 
John  Savadge. 
John  PattlJba, 


C  96  ) 

APPENDIX. No.  L 

Art  account  of  the  -plague  in  London,  in  the  year  1665. 

ABOUT  the  clofc  of  the  year    1664,  the  plague 
was  brought  over  to  London  in  ibme  Levant 
goods,  that  came  from  Holland. 

The  narrownefs  of  theftreets  and  lanes  in  London, 
the  clofenefs  of  the  houfes,  and  their  being  croud- 
ed  with  families,  rendered  the  inhabitants  very  liable 
to  fuffer  by  infectious  diibrders  in  fickly  feafons  ;  and 
the  plague  was  almoft  continually  among  the  dif- 
eafes  enumerated  in  the  bills  of  mortality.  The  goods 
above  mentioned,  were  carried  to  ahoufe  in  Long-acre, 
near  Drury-Lane,  where  they  were  firft  opened.  Here 
two  Frenchmen  died  ;  the  diforder  communicated  to 
other  houfes  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  infected  the  pa- 
rifh.  officers  who  were  employed  about  the  dead.  Ano- 
ther Frenchman,  whp4ived  near  the  infecled  houfes, 
removed,  for  fear  of  the  diflcmper,  into  Eearbinder^ 
lane,  where  he  died  :  and  thus  the  plague  got  into 
the  city. 

The  further  progrefs  of  this  cruel  diforder  was 
flopped  during  a  hard  froft  which  fet  in  this  winter, 
and  continued  till  March,  1665, — when  its  virulence 
was  revived,  by  the  advance  of  the  fpring.  At  firft 
it  feized  one  here,  then  another  a  mile  or  more  dif- 
tant,  after  which  it  appeared  again  where  it  was  ob- 
ferved  before,  jufl  as  accident  furniflied  it  with  con- 
veyance, and  according  to  the  time  when  perfons 
contracted   the  diftemper. 

The  uiual  fymptoms  of  infection,  for  it  is  not 
propofed  to  enter  into  a  ftrict  medical  confuleraticn 
of  the  plague,  are  thus  enumerated  by  dr.  Hodge*, 
who  lived  then  in  London,  and  attended  patients  in 
all  ftages  of  the  diforder.  Firft,  a  horror,  vomiting, 
delirium,  dizzinefs,  head-ach,  and  ftupefaction  ;  then 
a  fever,  watching,  palpitation  of  the  heart,  bleeding 
at  the  nofe,  and  a  great  heat  about  the  pnecordia  : 
but  the  figns  more  peculiar  to  the  peftilence,  were, 
ihofe  puflules,  which  the  common  people  called  blain*, 


(     97    ) 

buboes,  carbuncles,  fpots,  and  thofe  marks  called  to- 
kens. The  buboes  were  hard,  painful  tumours,  with 
inflammation  and  gatherings  upon  the  glands,  behind 
the  ears,  the  armpits,  and  the  groin.  Thefe  tumours, 
at  their  firft  appearance,  were  hard,  and  the  event  of 
the  diforder  was  prognofticated  from  their  fudden 
Or  flow  increafe>  from  their  genuine  or  untoward  fup- 
puration,  and  from  the  virulence  of  their  contents. 
The  peftilential  fpots  appeared  chiefly  on  the  neck, 
breaft,  and  back,  and  were  not  eaiily  diftinguifhable 
from  flea-bites.  The  genuine  peftilential  characters, 
commonly  called  tokens,  as  being  the  forewarning:* 
of  death,  were  minute  diftinct  blafts,  which  had  their 
orl^pi  from  within,  and  rofe  up  in  little  pyramidal 
protuberances,  fometimes  as  fmall  as  pin-heads,  other 
times  as  large  as  a  filver  penny,  having  the  peftilential 
poifon  chiefly  collected  at  their  bafes,  gradually  taint- 
ing the  neighbouring  parts,  and  reaching  the  furface 
as  the  configuration  of  the  veflels  and  pores  favoured 
their  fpreading.  They  were  alfo  derivable  from  exter- 
nal caufes,  as  from  the  injuries  of  air,  when  the  pefti- 
lential miafmata  were  pent  up  and  condenfed ;  and 
by  that  means  their  virulence  increafed,  fo  that  life 
was  immediately  extinguiflied  when  they  reached  ^he 
noble  Organs. 

In  the  treatment  of  the  fick,  all  the  phyficians  agreed 
in  throwing  out  the  peftilential  malignity  as  foon  as 
poflible  by  alexipharmics,  and  to  thefe,  as  foon  as  the 
belly  was  loofened,  recourfe  was  had  as  to  a  facred  re- 
fuge :  in  extremity  fome  had  recourfe  to  mineral  pre- 
parations, as  mineral  bezoar,fulphur  auratwn,  aura  vita, 
&c.  in  order  to  drive  out  the  peftilence  by  mere 
force.  For  external  applications,  they  ufed  blifters 
and  cataplafms  ;  the  buboes  were  opened  by  incifionj 
and  the  efchar  formed  by  the  virulent  ichor, difcharged 
by  the  carbuncles,  was  chiefly  got  off  by  actual  caute- 
ry ;  nor  were  the  blifters,  ulcers,  or  incifions,  fuflfer- 
ed  to  heal  until  the  malignity  of  the  difeafe  was  fpent. 
But  fuch  was  the  delufory  appearance  of  this  peftilence, 
that  many  patients  were  loft,  when  they  were  thought 
in  fafe  recovery;  whereas,  others  furvived,  who  were 

N 


(     98     ) 

given  over  for  loft,  much  to  the  difcredit  of  the  medi- 
cal art. 

The  apprehenfions  of  the  people  were  greatly  in* 
creafed)  by  the  crafty  predictions   of  fortune-tellers, 
cunning-men,  aftrologers,  and  quacks,  who  hung  out 
their  iigns  in  every  ftreet,  and  found  their  account 
in  heightening  the  general  terror  ;  nor  was  their  trade 
Hopped,  until  thefe  men  of  fuperior    knowledge   in 
the  decrees  of    providence,   were  themfelves  fwept 
away  in  the  common  calamity*  As  foon  as   the  ma- 
giftrates  found  that  the  contagion  extended  into  f& 
veral  parifhes,  an  order  was  ifmed  for  fhutting  up  in- 
fected houfes,  to  Hop  the  communication  of  the  difor- 
der.  Thefe  houfes  had  red  croffes  painted  on  the  doors, 
with  this  infeription,  Lord,   have  mercy  upon  us!  and 
watchmen  were  placed  before  them,  who  were  daily 
relieved,  to  hand  neceffaries  and  medicines  into  the 
confined  families,  and  to  reftrain  them  from  coming 
abroad  until  forty  days  after   recovery.  But  though 
thefe  regulations  were  flriclly  executed,  the  propriety 
of  them  was  much  controverted,  and  the  hardfhip  uni- 
verfally  complained  of;  for  if  a  frefh  perfon  was  feized 
in  the  fame  houfe,    but  a  day  before  this  quarantine 
expired,  it  was  again  renewed;  which  intolerable  te- 
dious  imprifonment  of  the  healthy  with  the  fick,  fre- 
quently ended  with  the  deaths  of  whole  families.  Nei- 
ther did  this  confinement  of  the  fick  prove  effectual; 
for  each  houfe  having  but  one  guard,  and  many  houfes 
having  avenues  behind,  it  was  impoffible  to  iecure  all 
palfages;  fo  that,  fome  would  amufe   the   watchmen 
with  difcourfe  on  one  fide  of  the  houfe,  while  the  reft 
of  the  family  made  their  efcape  at  the  other;  until,  at 
length,    the  men  were   left  to  watch  empty  houfe?. 
Some  watchmen  were  publicly  whipped  through  the 
flreets,  for  taking  bribes  to  let  perfons  out  privately ; 
and  where  fuch  opportunities  did  not  offer,  the  watch- 
men were  fometimes  ill  treated:  one  near  Colem^n- 
ftreet  was  blown  up  by  gunpowder;  and  while  he  lay 
difabled   by  the  explofion,    thofe   who  had   firength, 
efcaped  out  of  the  houfe.  Some  perfons  alfo  would  Jet 
themfelves  down  from  the  windows,  armed  with  iwcrds 


(    99    ) 

and  piftols,  in  the  fight  of  the  watchmen,  and  threaten 
them  with  inftant  death,  it"  they  called  out  or  ftirred. 
Many  of  them  were  even  killed  in  difputes  with  thofe 
they  were  charged  with  the  care  of  guarding. 

It  is  a  fad,  though  true  character  of  human  nature,  to 
remark,  that  there  are  always  mifcreants  ready  to  take 
advantage  of  public  calamities ;  and  what  greatly  con- 
tributed to  the  lofs  of  perfons  thus  (hut  up,  was  the 
villainous  behaviour  of  fome  nurfes.  Thefe  wretches 
from  an  inhuman  greedinefs  to  plunder  the  dead,  would 
not  only  flrangle  their  patients,  and  charge  their  deaths 
to  the  difremper  in  their  throats ;  but  would  fecretly 
convey  the  peftilential  taint  from  the  fores  of  the  fiek  to 
thofe  who  were  well.  Yet  though  they  were  without 
witneffes  in  thefe  diabolical  practices,  they  often  fell 
themfelves  the  jure  victims  of  their  own  unguarded 
"prefumption. 

Dogs  and  cats,  being  domeflic  animals,  apt  to  run 
from  houfe  to  houfe,  and  being  fuppofed  to  convey  the 
noxious  effluvia  in  their  fur  or  hair ;  an  early  order  was 
made  by  the  lord-mayor  and  other  magifrrates,  by  the ad- 
vice  of  the  phyficians,  that  they  mould  all  be  immediately 
killed;  and  an  officer  was  appointed  for  that  purpofe. 
It  was  computed  that  40,000  dogs,  and  five  times  as 
many  cats,  were  maffacred  in  confequencc  of  this  pre- 
fcription  ;  and  all  poflible  endeavours  were  ufed  to  ex- 
terminate rats  and  mice  by  poifon,  on  the  fame  account. 

It  was  inconceivable,  as  the  plague  increafed,  with 
what  precipitation  fuch  inhabitants  of  the  city  as  were 
able  to  leave  it,  deferted  into  the  country;  for  fome 
weeks  it  was  difficult  to  get  to  the  .lord-mayor's  door, 
for  the  throngs  that  crouded  in  to  get  paffes  and  certi- 
ficates of  health  ;  without  which  none  were  permitted 
to  travel  through,  or  lodge  in,  any  towns  on  the  road. 
The  nobility,  gentry,  and  richer  tradefmen  retired  firit, 
and  in  the  broad  ftreets  leading  out  of  town,  nothing 
was  to  be  feen  but  waggons  and  carts  loaded  with  eoods, 
and  fervants ;  coaches  full  of  families-^-and  horfemen , 
all  hurrying  away;  with  empty  carriages  returning  for 
frefh  loads. 

Some  families  that  had  no  country  retreats,  laid  up 
a  ftore  of  pravifionsj  and  ffmt  themfelves  up  fo  cars-- 


(      100      ) 

fully,  as  not  to  be  heard  of  nor  feen,  until  the  plague 
ceafed ;  when  they  came  abroad  fafe  and  well  5 — among 
thefe  were  feveral  Dutch  merchants,  who  kept  their 
houfes  like  garrifons  befieged,  fuffering  no  one  to  go 
out  ojreome  in,  and  thus  preferred  themielves  in  health. 
~Many  merchants  and  ihip  owners  fhut  themielves  up 
on  board  mips,  and  as  the  plague  increafed,  removed 
down  the  river,  nor  was  it  heard  that  the  diforder 
reached  any  veflels  below  Deptford.  Poorer  perfons 
took  refuge  in  hoys,  fmacks,  and  fifhing  boats ;  but 
thefe  took  the  infection ;  others  went  up  the  river  in 
boats,  lodging  by  night  in  tents  made  of  their  fails,  on 
more;  for  though  the  country  people  would  fupply 
them  with  provifions,  they  would  not  receive  them 
into  their  houfes.  The  poor  who  ran  abroad  in  their 
extremities  into  the  country,  were  often  ill  uled  and 
driven  back,  which  caufed  great  exclamation  againft 
the  cruelty  of  the  country  towns;  but  felf-prefervation 
extinguifhed  humanity  ;  and  yet  notwithstanding  all 
their  care,  there  was  not  a  town  within  twenty  miles 
but  fuffered  more  or  lefs  by  the  diforder. 

Thus  the  diftemper  was  felt  chiefly  to  prey  on  the 
common  people ;  which  it  did  to  fuch  a  degree  as  to 
obtain  the  name  of  the  peers  plague.  The  lord-mayor, 
Iherifrs,  aldermen,  or  their  deputies,  with  many  of  the 
common  council,  very  humanely  to  compofe  the  minds 
of  the  people  as  much  as  poffible,  publilhed  their  refo- 
lution  not  to  quit  the  city,  but  to  be  always  ready  at 
hand  to  preferve  order,  and  to  do  jultice  on  all  occafions. 
The  lord-mayor  held  councils  every  day,  making  ne- 
cerfiry  difpofitions  for  preferving  the  pubiic  peace  ;  the 
people  were  treated  with  all  the  gentlenefs  circum- 
stances would  allow,  while  prefumptuous  rogues, 
houfebreakers,  and  plunderers  of  the  lick  or  dead,  were 
duly  punifhed,  and  fevere  declarations  iifued  againft 
them. 

It  was  one  of  their  principal  concerns  to  fee  the  re- 
gulations for  the  freedom  and  good  fupply  of  the  mar- 
kets, obferved — and  every  market-day  the  lord-mayor, 
Sir  John  Lawrence,  or  the  Sheriffs,  attended  vigilantly 
on  horfeback,  to  fee  their  orders  executed.  The  necef- 
fity  of  going  to  market  was  greatly  contributory  to  the 


(    I01    ) 

ruin  of  the  city,  as  there  the  people  caught  the  infec- 
tion one  of  another,  and  it  was  fufpecied  that  even  the 
provihons  were  tainted ;  all  imaginable  precautions 
were  however  ufed  in  thefe  negociations — for  customers 
took  the  meat  from  off  the  hooks  themfelves,  that  they 
might  not  receive  it  from  the  butcher — and  for  his 
fecurity  dropped  their  money  into  pans  of  vinegar, 
always  carrying  fmall  money  with  them,  that  they 
might  receive  no  change.  Every  one  that  could  procure 
them,  carried  fcents  an .1  perfumes  about,  them,  while 
the  pooveft  inhabitants  were  forced  on  all  occafions  to 
run  all  hazards. 

The  infection,  noufithftanding  every  caution,  conti- 
nued  through  the  months  of  May  and  June,  with'  more 
or  lefs  feverity — fometimes  raging  in  one  part,  and 
then  in  another-^-about  the  latter  end  of  June,  above 
twenty  parifhes  were  infected,  and  the  King  re- 
moved from  Whitehall  to  Hampton  court.  Government 
was  not  however  inattentive  to  the  diftrefifes  of  the  me- 
tropolis— for  bef.de  appointing  a  monthly  fa  ft  for  pub- 
lic prayer,  the  king  commanded  the  college  of  phyfi- 
cians  to  compofe  and  publim  an  Englifh  directory  of 
general  advice  in  this  calamitous  feafon.  Some  of  the 
college  were  appointed  to  attend  the  fick  on  all  occa- 
fions ;  and  two  out  of  the  court  of  aldermen  were  re- 
quired to  fee  this  hazardous  duty  performed  :  nor  were 
there  eminent  phyficians  wanting  who  voluntarily  and 
courageoufly  gave  their  affiftance  in  fo  dangerous  an 
employment ;  eight  or  nine  of  whom  were  deftroyed  in 
the  duty. 

In  the  nrft  week  of  July,  the  bill  rofe  to  725,  the 
next  week  to  1089,  the  third  week  to  1843,  and  the 
next  week  to  2010.  About  the  middle  of  the  month, 
the  diforder,  which  had  chiefly  raged  in  St.  Giles's 
Holburn,  and  toward  Weftminfter,  began  to  travel 
eaftward,  and  over  the  river  to  Lambeth  and  South- 
wark ;  but  kept  principally  in  the  out  parifhes  which 
were  fulleft  of  poor.  When  it  abated  in  the  weitern 
parifhes,  it  exerted  its  violence  in  Clerkenwell,  Crip- 
plegate,  Shoreditch,  Bifhopfgate,  Alderfgate,  White- 
chapel  and  Stepney.  In  the  months  of  Auguft  and  Sep- 
tember  the  diforder  made   mcft  terrible  daughter, 


(      102     ) 

three,  four,  or  five  thoufand  died  in  a  week,  the  deaths 
one  week  amounted  to  8,000  and  were  believed  to  ex- 
tend to  10,000  !  for  the  regifters  in  fuch  confufion  were 
not  kept  with  great  accuracy. 

Under  thefe  mocking  circumftances,  when  the  peo- 
ple were  in  the  greateft  want  of  fpiritual  confolation, 
they  were  in  general  forfaken  by  their  parochial  mi- 
nifters;  and  lad  as  the  minds  of  the  people  were, 
there  were  not  wanting  fome  who  fatirized  them  in 
lampoons,  for  this  fcandalous  defertion  of  their  dii- 
trefled  flocks.  When  on  fome  church  doors  were 
written,  Here  is  a  pulpit  to  let,  and  on  others,  A  pulpit 
to  be  fold,  then  it  was  that  the  ejected  non-conforming 
minifters,  fhowed  that  difinterefted  concern  for  the 
people, '  that  conftitutes  the  true  effence  of  the  clerical 
character;  for,  unmindful  of  their  legal  difability,  and 
regardlefs  of  the  furrounding  danger,  they  refolutely 
mounted  the  vacant  pulpits,  often  twice  a  day,  and 
foothed  the  griefs  of  crouded  audiences  by  their  pious 
difcourfes  and  other  religious  exercifes. 

When  deaths  became  fo  numerous,  the  church  yards 
were  unable  to  contain  the  bodies,  and  the  ufual  modes 
of  interment  were  no  longer  obferved:  occafional  pits 
of  great  extent'  were  dug  in  feveral  parts,  to  which 
the  dead  were  brought  by  cart-loads,  collected  by  the 
ring  of  a  bell,  and  the  doleful  cry  of  Bring  out  your  dead! 
They  were  put  into  the  carts  with  no  other  covering 
than  rugs  or  iheets  tied  round  them  by  their  friends, 
if  they  had  any  furviving;  and  were  (hot  down  in  pro 
mifcuous  heaps!  Sometimes  the  drivers  of  thofe  caffs. 
would  drop  in  their  employments,  and  the  carts  would 
be  found  without  any  conductor;  in  the  parifli  of  Step-^ 
ney,  it  was  faid  they  loft  within  the  year,  1 16  fextons, 
grave-diggers  and  their  affirmants ! 

Trade  was  at  a  ftand,  fhops  were  fhut  up,  every  day- 
looked  like  a  folemn  Sabbath  ;  few  were  to  be  feen  in 
the  ftreets,  and  neither  cart  nor  coach  appeared  but  fuch 
as  were  employed  for  immediate  acls  of  neceffity  :  grafs 
grew  in  the  moft  public  ftreets,  and  in  the  Royal-Ex- 
change,— and  the  broad  ftreet  in  Whitechapel  might  be 
miftaken  for  a  green  field.  Thofe  families  who  carried 
pn  retail  trades,  or  fubfifted  by  labour,  were,  now  fap^ 


(     io3     ) 

ported  by  charity,  which  is  recorded  to  have  been  wor- 
thily extended  by  thofe  who  had  ability  to  beftovv  it* 
The  king  contributed  ioool.  a  week,  and  dr.  Sheldon, 
archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  who  remained  at  Lambeth 
the  whole  time,  befide  his  own  benefactions,  procured 
great  fums  to  be  remitted  from  the  diocefes  under  his 
jurifdidtion,  by  his  affecting  letters  to  the  bifhops — ■ 
Monk,  afterwards  duke  of  Albemarle,  with  lord  Craven, 
remained  in  London,  and  exerted  all  their  abilities  to  al- 
leviate the  diftrefies  they  were  witnefs  to.  Though  the 
city  was  in  general  abandoned  by  the  rich,  yet  tbefe  did 
not  forget  thofe  who  were  left  behind— large  fums  were 
fent  up  by  them  to  the  magiitrates,  as  well  as  from  the 
trading  towns  in  the  remoteft  parts  of  England.  The 
degree  of  general  diftrefs  in  the  metropolis  may  be  fup- 
poled  void  of  exaggeration,  when  it  is  faid  that  befide 
private  charities,  the  lord  mayor  and  aldermen  were 
enabled  to  beftow  ioo,oool.  a  week  for  feveral  weeks 
together  to  the  poor ! 

That  nothing  might  be  left  untried  to  difperfe  the 
contagion,  large  fires  were  ordered  to  be  made  in  the 
public  ftreets  ;  yet  the  phyficians  were  very  diffident  of 
the  fuccefs  of  this  expenfive  experiment ;  and  the  trial 
foon  decided  in  favour  of  their  doubts.  Coals  were  then 
4I.  per  chaldron ;  and  two  hundred  chaldron  were  ap- 
plied in  making  fires  at  the  cuftom-houfe,  Billingfgate, 
at  the  bridge-foot,  three  cranes,  Queenhithe,  Bridewell- 
gate,  the  corner  of  LeadenhaJI  and  Grace  church  flreets, 
at  the  north  and  fouth  gates  of  the  Royal  Exchange, 
Guildhall,  Blackwell-hall,  at  the  lord-mayor's  door  iri 
St.  Helens,  at  Bow  church,  and  at  the  weflern  end  of 
St.  Paul's  cathedral.— -The fe  fires  continued  for  three 
days— and  were  then  almolt  extinguifhed  by  a  fmart 
rain :  but  the  following  night,  from  whatever  caufe  it 
might  proceed,  was  the  mofr  fatal  of  the  whole;  for 
more  than  4000  then  expired !  and  this  unfortunate  e- 
vent  was  a  difcouragement  to  any  farther  attempts  of 
that  nature. 

When  the  difeafe  was  at  the  greatcft  height,  little 
regard  was  had  to  the  giving  medical  afliftance;  for 
many  of  the  mod  eminent  phyficians  and  furgeons 
were  already  dead:  and  it  was  in  vain  to  keep  houfes 


(    io4    ) 

r 

fhut  up,  when  they  were  mofHy  empty  with  their  doors 
and  windows  open  and  (nattering  with  the  wind.  At 
length  the  diforder,  after  having  braved  the  art  of  man, 
gave  way  to  the  courfe  of  nature,  at  the  decline  of  the 
fummer  feafon,  when,  though  the  numbers  of  the  in- 
fected were  not  obferved  to  leflen,  yet  the  diforder 
grew  weaker;  more  in  proportion  recovered,  and  the 
deaths  infenfibly  diminished.  When  this  began  to  be 
perceived,  the  dread  that  had  invaded  the  minds  of  the 
people  wore  off,  and  contributed  to  their  recovery; 
and  whereas  in  the  height  of  the  diforder  it  ufually 
killed  perfons  in  two  or  three,  days  and  not  above  one 
in  five  recovered — now  it  did  not  kill  in  lefs  than  eight 
or  ten  days,  and  not  above  two  in  five  perifhed ;  the 
nurfes  alfo  grew  either  more  cautious  or  more  faithful; 
fo  that  after  a  little  while  a  dawn  of  health  appeared 
as  fuddenly  as  it  was  unexpected.  In  the  beginning 
of  November,  the  face  of  affairs  was  quite  altered: 
though  the  funerals  were  yet  frequent,  yet  the  citizens 
began  to  return  without  fear;  and  in  December  they 
crouded  back  as  faff,  as  they  had  fled  in  the  fpring. 
Such  as  were  cautious,  took  great  care  in  feafon ing 
their  houfes  ;  and  abundance  of  coftly  things  were  con- 
fumed,  which  not  only  anfwered  their  own  particular 
purpofes,  but  filled  the  air  with  grateful  fmells,  which 
were  ferviceable  to  their  neighbours  ;  fome  burnt  pitch, 
brimftone,  and  gunpowder,  to  purge  their  houfes  and 
goods  ;  while  others,  through  eagernefs  and  carelefsnefs, 
entered  their  dwellings  without  any  preparation.  Earl 
Craven  and  the  other  juftices  of  Weft miniler  caufed  the 
bedding  of  infected  houfes  to  be  well  dried  and  aired, 
the  rooms  to  be  new  whitewafhed,  and  the  churchyards 
to  be  covered  two  feet  thick  with  frefh  earth  ;  to  pre- 
vent, as  far  as  poffible,  any  revival  of  the  perl  Hernial 
faint. 

The  winter  gave  the  moft  effectual  check  toward  fiip- 
preffing  this  great  enemy  of  mankind ;  and  tho'  fome 
remains  of  the  contagion  appeared  in  the  fucceeding 
fpring,  it  was  no  more  than  could  be  eanlv  conquered 
by  medicine ;  and  the  city  thus  got  rid  of  the  infection 
and  returned  to  perfect  health. 

The  bills  of  mortality  computed  the  numbers  of  buri- 


(    io5    ) 

als  this  year  at  97,306,  of  which  68,596  were  attri- 
buted to  the  plague  ;  but  this  eftimate  was  univerfally 
received  as  very  erroneous ;  as  it  was  not  difficult  to 
(how,  from  circumftances,  that  the  account  was  mani- 
feitly  defective.  At  the  beginning  of  the  diforder,  there 
was  great  knavery  and  collufion  in  the  reports  of  the 
deaths  ;  for  while  it  was  poflible  to  conceal  the  infec- 
tion, they  were  attributed  to  fevers  of  all  kinds,  which 
began  to  {well  the  bills  ;  this  was  done  to  prevent  houfes 
being  fhut  up,  .  and  families  being  (hunned  by  their 
neighbours.  Add  to  this,  that  the  dead  carts  working 
in  the  dark,  no  exact:  accounts  were  kept ;  the  clerks  and 
fextons  being  naturally  averfe  to  fo  dangerous  a  duty,  and 
frequently  falling  fick  themfelves  before  fuch  accounts 
as  they  had  were  delivered  in.  Quakers  and  jews  alio, 
who  had  feparate  burial  grounds,  were  not  mentioned  in 
the  weekly  bills;  nor  was  any  regifter  taken  of  thofe 
who  died  on  board  veflels  of  all  kinds  in  the  river.  It 
was  well  known,  that  numbers  of  poor  defpairing  crea- 
tures wandered  out  of  town  into  the  fields,  woods,  and 
other  remote  places,  where  they  died  of  the  infection 
and  of  want.  The  inhabitants  of  the  villages  would  carry 
food  to  thele  diffracted  refugees,  and  fet  it  at  a  diftance 
for  them  ;  and  afterwards  frequently  found  them  dead 
with  the  victuals  untouched.  The  country  people  would 
then  dig  holes  and  drag  the  bodies  into  them  with  long 
poles  having  hooks  at  the  ends,  carefully  Itandmg  to 
the  windward  ;  and  throw  the  earth  over  them  as  far 
as  they  could  caft  it.  On  the  whole,  it  was  the  opinion 
of  eye  witneflfes,  that  the  plague  delrroyed  100,000  at 
leaft.  The  yearly  bill  mentions  but  one  parifh  that  re- 
mained quite  exempt  from  infection,  which  was  that  of 
St.  John  the  Evangelift  in  Watling-fireet. 

As  to  foreign  trade  during  this  year,  it  was  almolt 
extinct;  as  no  port  in  France,  Flanders,  Spain,  or  Italy, 
would  admit  London  (hips,  or  correfpond  with  that 
city  ;  the  Turks  only  and  the  Grecian  ifies,  to  whom 
the  plague  was  familiar,  were  not  fo  fcrupulous.  The 
Flemings  and  Dutch  had  great  advantage  of  this  circum- 
flance,  by  buying  Englifh  goods  in  thofe  parts  of  England 
that  remained  clear  of  infection,  carrying  them  home, 
and  then  exporting  them  again  as  their  own. 

O 


(    ioS    ) 

Account  of  the  Plague  at  IWarfeilles,  in  1720. 

MARSEILLES  has  been  feveral  times  vifited  by 
the  plague,  as  in  the  year  1580,  in  1630,  1649, 
and  1650. 

In  May,  1720,  the  citizens  were  informed,  that  the 
plague  had  made  its  appearance  in  Paleftine,  and  Syria. 
On  the  25th  of  that  month,  a  vefiel  from  Syria,  and  the 
illand  of  Cyprus,  where  the  plague  prevailed,  arrived  at 
the  lfies  of  ChateaudifA  in  the  vicinity  of  the  harbour  of 
Marfeilles.  After  performing  a  quarantine,  the  patten- 
gers  were  permitted  to  mix  with  the  inhabitants.  One  of 
the  crew,  and  a  perfon  placed  on  board  as  a  guard,  had 
in  the  mean  time  died ;  but  the  furgeon  employed  to 
examine  the  bodies,  declared,  that  he  could  difcover  no 
mark  of  the  plague.  On  the  12th  of  June,  a  fhip,  with 
a  foul  bill  of  health,  as  it  is  termed,  caft  anchor.  On 
the  24.1b  and  26th  of  June,  four  perfons  died.  Three 
of  thefe  were  porters,  who  had  been  entrufted  with  the 
care  of  purifying  the  merchandize  on  board  of 
thefe  vefTels.  The  fourth  was  a  boy  belonging  to  the 
fkft  veflel.  Hence  it  appears  that  the  progrefs  of  this 
contagion  was  in  the  beginning  extremely  flow.  The 
furgeon  again  certified  that  there  was  no  fign  of  the 
plague ;  but  the  magiftrates  began  to  diftruft  him.  They 
caufed  the  bodies  to  be  buried  in  quick  lime,  and  the 
vefTels,  from  the  cargoes  of  which  the  porters  were  fuf- 
pected  of  having  caught  the  contagion,  were  ordered  to 
oe  removed  to  a  greater  diftance.  On  the  7  th  of  July, 
two  other  porters  employed  in  the  Lazeretto  were  taken 
ill,  and  on  the  8th  a  third ;  on  the  9th,  the  whole  three 
expired.  They  were  buried  in  quick  lime,  and  their 
clothes  were  burned.  Three  other  lurgeons  had  been  ap- 
pointed to  infpecft  their  bodies ;  and  it  was  at  laft  con- 
feffed  that  they  had  died  of  the  plague  :  from  this  time 
to  the  3 1  ft  of  July,  the  contagion  made  feeble  but  gra- 
dual advances.  The  gentlemen  of  the  faculty,  who  had 
declared  the  dangerous  nature  of  the  difeafe,  wrere  in- 
fulted  by  the  rabble,  who  would  not  believe  that  the 
plague  would  have  advanced  fo  very  flowly.  The  ma- 
giftrates were  afraid  to  injure  the  commerce  of  the  city 
by  the  report  fpread  that  this  infection  had  got  into 


(  w  ) 

Marfeilles.    Though  they  feem  to  have  done  their  duty, 
yet  [hey  were  fo  little  aware  of  the  gulf,  which  was  yawn- 
ing beneath  them,  that  on  the  15th  of  July,  they  fent 
letters  to  the  health  officers  in  the  other  ports  of  Europe, 
informing  them,  that  though  many  perfons  were  lick 
in  the  infirmaries,  yet  that  toe  contagion  had  made  no 
progrefs  in  the  city.   Indeed,  from  this  day  to  the  25th, 
almoft  nothing  was  heard  of  it,  and  the  people  had  be- 
gun to  believe,  that  the  danger  was  over.    On  the  26th, 
however,  the  magiftrates  were  informed,    that  fifteen 
perfons  were  taken  ill,  in  the  ftreet  of  Lefcalle.    The 
phyficians  durft  not  venture  to  declare  the  fact,  and  af- 
figned  any  other  reafon  for  their  ficknefs,  than  the  plague. 
At  the  end  of  July,  the  magiftrates  became  alarmed 
in  earned:.    Some  of  them  began  to  be  exhaufted  by  the 
melancholy  employment  of  attending  the  funerals  of 
the  dead,  and  the  removals  of  the  fick  to  the  public 
hofpitals,   both  which  offices  were  performed  in   the 
night.    The  marquis  de  Pelles,  governor  of  the  city, 
examined  the  treafury,  and  found  in  it  only  the  pitiful 
furn  of  eleven  hundred  livres.    Corn,  butcher's  meat, 
and  wood,  were  extremely  fcarce  and  dear.   The  weal- 
thy part  of  the  inhabitants  had  by  this  time  fled.   It  was 
now  certain  that   the  contagion  was  fixed  in  the  city  ; 
and  it  was  readily  forefeen,  that,  unlefs  vigorous  mea- 
fures  of  prevention  were  taken,  famine  would  complete 
the  fcene  of  calamity.    All  beggars  from  the  country 
were  commanded  to  leave  the  city ;  but  it  was  imme- 
diately found  impracticable,  to  carry  this  order  into  ex- 
ecution. The  chamber  of  trade  of  the  parliament  of  Aix, 
had  publilhed  an  arret,    prohibiting  the   citizens  of 
Marfeilles  from  quitting  the  territories  of  the    town. 
The  other  inhabitants   of  Provence  were  forbidden  to 
hold  any  correfpondence  with  them  ;  and  coachmen, 
carriers,   or  others,    attempting  to  retire   from   Mar- 
feilles to  the  country,*on  any  pretence  whatever,  were 
to  return  back  under  pain  of  death.    It  was,  therefore, 
impoifible  to  drive  out  of  the  city,  two  or  three  thou- 
fand  beggars,  and  other  ftrangers  of  different  kinds.  An 
attempt  was  made  to  difpel  the  infection   by  burning 
fire  in  the  ftreets,  but  to  no  purpofe.    A  variety  of  re- 
gulations were  adopted  to  prevent  the  fpreading  of  the 


(    io8     ) 

diftemper,  as  well  as  the  progrefs  of  famine.  What  fuel 
had  been  in  the  city,  was  already  coniumed  in  the  ex- 
periment of  making  fires.    A  great  quantity  of  fulphur 
was  bought,  and  a  part  of  it  diftributed  to  the  poor,  in 
every  quarter  of  the  town,  to  be  burned  in  their  houfes 
by  way  of  a  perfume  :  the  colleges  and  fchools  were 
iliut  up,  to  prevent  the  communication  of  the  diibrder; 
and  the  mod  preffing  applications  were  made  to  the  go- 
vernment of  France,  for  immediate  and  fubftantial  affif- 
tance,  before  the  avenues  of  the  city  (liould  be  abfo- 
lutely  (hut  up.  On  the  third  of  Auguft,  a  mob  aflem- 
bled,  demanding  bread,  which  was  given  to  them.   On 
the  fourth,  the  officers  of  the  fort  of  St.  John,  waited 
on  the  magiftrates,  to  acquaint  them,  that  their  foldiers 
were  in  want  of  corn;  and  if  not  fupplied,  would  per- 
haps enter  the  city,  and  take  it  by  force ;  the  anlwer 
which  they  received  was,  that  if  the  troops  attempted 
to  enter  Marfeilles,  the  magiftrates,  at  the  head  of  the 
citizens,  would  oppofe  them.  On  the  7th  of  Auguft,  the 
chamber  of  trade  of  Provence,  permitted  the  fheriffs  to 
have  a  conference   with  fome  of  their  agents,  at  the 
diftance  of  fix  miles  from  the  city.    Precautions  were 
taken  to  fpeak  at  a  diftance.    An  agreement  was  made, 
that  a  market  (hould  be  eftablifhed  ip  that  place,  and  a 
doubb  barrier  erected.    Another  market  was  to  be  fixed 
upon  a  highroad,  two  leagues  from  Marfeilles,  in  a  dif- 
ferent direction.    A  rendezvous  for  boats  was  likewife 
named,  in  a  creek  amongft  the  iflands  in  the  harbour  of 
Marfeilles.  In  all  thefe  places,  the  guards  were  appointed 
by  the  province,  and  paid  by  the  city.    On  the  9th  of 
Auguft,  it  was  found,   that  moft  of  the   phyficians  and 
furgeons  had  fled.    It  was  thought  neceflfary  fo  felect  a 
houfe  to  which  the  fick  might  be  carried.  The  houfe  of 
convalefcence  was  pitched  upon  for  that  purpole.    But 
it  was  an  object  of  the  greateft  difficulty  to  remove  the 
fick.  Horfes,  harnefs,  and  carts  were  all  equally  wanted. 
It  became  neceflfary  to  go  into  the  country  to  leek  them, 
and  when  they  were  found,  no  perfon  would   confers  t 
to  ferve  as  a  porter  in  removing  the  dead — Exorbitant 
wages  were  offered  with  little  effect.  An  immenfe  num- 
ber of  cooks  and  fick  nurfes  were  likewife  wanted,  and 
it  was  not  without  the  greateft  exertions,  that  the  mz- 


(     ^9    T 

giftrates  could  obtain  perfons  for  thefe  employments. 
Three  pits  were  dug  without  the  walls  of  the  city. 
They  were  fixty  feet  in  length  and  twenty  four  feet 
deep,  and  the  dead  were  buried  in  quick  lime.  Ano- 
ther large  hofpital  was  fitted  up  under  the  vaults  of  a 
rope  yard,  by  the  chevalier  Rofe,  at  his  own  expenfe ; 
and  he  cauied  large  ditches  to  be  dug  for  burying  the 
dead.  The  two  hof  "pitals  were  entirely  filled  in  lefs  than 
two  days  ;  but  the  patients  did  not  remain  there  long. 
The  diuemper  was  fo  violent,  that  thofe  who  were 
brought  into  the  hofpitals  at  night,  were  caft  into  the 
ditches  next  morning.  In  every  houfe  where  it  entered, 
no  perfon  efcaped  the  infection,  and  it  feems  that  few  or 
none  furvived  it.  On  the  12th  of  Auguft,  two  of  the 
moil  eminent  phyficians  of  Montpelier  weTe  difpatched 
by  the  regent  of  France  to  the  affiftance  of  the  citizens. 
The  magistrates  of  health,  the  judges  of  the  city,  the 
rectors  of  all  the  hofpitals  and  other  charitable  founda- 
tions, the  commiflaries  who  had  been  appointed  for  the 
different  quarters  of  the  city,  but  a  few  days  before, 
with  an  immenfe  number  of  people  of  all  ranks,  fled  in 
the  greateft  hurry  from  Marfeilles.  The  very  centinels 
who  had  been  po.^ed  to  prevent  the  flight  of  others, 
deferted,  while  the  captains  of  the  militia,  and  their 
foldiers  ran  away  by  whole  companies.  The  friops, 
houfes,  magazines,  churches  and  convents  were  fhut  up. 
The  public  markets  were  empty,  and  nothing  was  any 
where  to  be  feen,  but  the  dying  or  the  dead.  Mar- 
feilles was  fuppofed  at  this  time  to  contain  about  one 
hundred  thoufand  people.  Carts  and  porters  were  kept 
in  conftant  readinefs  to  carry  off  the  dead ;  but  the  dif- 
ficulty of  providing  thefe  augmented  every  day.  Per- 
fons employed  in  that  fervice  very  feldom  lived  more 
than  forty  eight  hours.  It  is  faid  that  by  only  touching 
the  body  with  an  iron  hook,  at  the  end  of  a  pole,  the 
diftemper  was  communicated.  Fifteen  livres  or 
about  three  dollars  per  day  was  the  hire  offered, 
and  .it  was  refufed  by  the  very  beggars.  At  laft,  the  ma- 
gi urates  applied  to  the  officers  of  the  gallies,  and  ob- 
tained from  them  a  fupply  of  hands,  felected  from  the 
criminals,  who  were  promifed  their  pardon  upon  con- 
dition of  exerting  themfelves;  but  they  did  their  work 


(    no    ) 

with  fo  much  flownefs  and  lazinefs,  fays  our  author, 
that  it  was  enough  to  make  one  mad.  The  flayes  were  in 
want  of  every  thing,  and  in  particular  of  fhoes,  which 
it  was  impoifible  to  get  for  them,  as  there  was  none  in 
the  city,  nor  any  fhoemaker,  to  manufacture  them. 
Thefe  unfortunate  beings,  when  they  entered  a  houfe, 
to  carry  off  the  dead,  hardly  ever  failed  to  plunder  it, 
fo  that  the  perpetual  danger  of  robbery  was  added  to  the 
other  calamities  of  the  citizens.  The  flaves  were  like- 
wife  unfkilful  as  well  as  unwilling  carters.  They  fre- 
quently overturned  the  carts,  and  broke  the  harnefs  of 
the  horfes;  a  lofs  which  was  irreparable,  for  neither 
faddler  nor  cartwright  was  left  in  Marfeilles.  Befides, 
no  trade fman  would  touch  the  carts  or  harnefs  which 
were  employed  in  that  fervice;  and  the  peafants  in  the 
territory  belonging  to  the  city,  had  carefully  concealed 
their  carts. 

Multitudes  of  women,  who  were  giving  fuck,  died  of 
the  plague ;  and  their  infants  were  found  fome  dead, 
and  others  dying  in  the  cradles.  An  hofpital  and  a  con- 
vent, which  were  found  empty,  by  the  death  or  flight 
of  their  former  poffeiibrs,  ferved  as  an  afylum  for  thefe 
noviciates  in  wretchednefs.  They  were  fupplied  with 
foup,  and  goats  milk.  Thirty  or  forty  of  them  perifhed 
every  day ;  yet  there  were  never  lefs  than  twelve  or 
thirteen  hundred  of  them  furviving  at  one  time.  On 
the  21  ft  of  Auguft,  the  number  of  the  dead  at  once  in- 
creafed  fo  prodigioufly,  that  the  magistrates  found  it 
impracticable  to  get  them  carried  out  of  town,  to  be 
thrown  into  the  pits.  The  quarter  of  St.  John  and  fome 
other  parts  of  the  old  town,  were,  from  the  height  of 
the  ground  and  the  narrownefs  of  the  ftreets,  almoft 
inacceffible  to  any  wheel  carriage.  They  were  inhabited 
by  the  pooreft  clafles  of  the  people,  who  were  worft 
lodged  and  worft  fed,  and  therefore  died  failed.  The 
bodies,  in  heaps,  blocked  up  the  paffages  of  the  ftreets. 
It  was  to  be  apprehended,  that  if  they  were  fuffered  to 
lie  above  ground,  the  infeclion  would  fpread  with  aug- 
men'ed  rapidity.  The  marquis  de  Pille  and  the  magi- 
ftrates,  requefted  a  meeting  at  the  town  houfe,  with  the 
officers  of  the  gal  lies.  This  aiTembly  came  to  the  refo- 
lution  of  interring  the  dead  bodies,  belonging  to  the 


(  lit  ) 

higher  parts  of  the  town,  in  the  vaults  of  the  church 
yards  in  the  neighbourhood.  Quick  lime  and  water 
were  to  be  thrown  upon  them,  and  the  vaults,  when 
full,  were  to  be  clofely  cemented  up.  The  bifhop  of 
Marfeilles  and  the  clergy  oppofed  this  meafure ;  but 
the  neceifity  of  the  cafe  fuperceded  every  objection.  On 
the  23d  of  Auguft  the  magistrates  began  this  talk.  The 
clergy  had  bolted  the  doors  of  their  churches,  which 
were  broke  open.  In  the  mean  time,  the  mifery  of  the 
inhabitants  augmented  every  day  and  almoft  every  hour. 
Among!!  other  necelfaries,  linen  was  exhaufled,  and  in 
the  midft  of  this  mafs.of  wretchednefs,  the  populace, 
from  famine,  defpair,  and  madnefs,  had  become  fo 
turbulent,  that  it  was  found  requifite  to  raife  gibbets  in 
all  the  public  places  of  the  city.  From  the  25th  of  Au- 
guft to  the  end  of  September,  a  thoufand  perfons  were 
computed  to  perilh  every  day.  The  galley  Haves,  who 
had  been  called  to  aiTift  the  citizens,  began  to  die  like 
the  reft.  The  fhopkeepers  had  locked  up  their  doors, 
fo  that  the  people  could  not  buy,  on  any  terms,  the 
common  necelfaries  of  life.  On  the  27th,  the  board  of 
trade  publifhed  an  order,  for  all  fhopkeepers  and  tradef- 
men,  to  fet  open  their  doors,  within  twenty-four  hours, 
on  the  pain  of  death.  Commands  of  this  kind  had  little 
weight.  Defertion,  wherever  it  could  be  accomplifhed, 
was  univerfal. 

On  whatever  fide  the  fpectator  caft  his  eye,  nothing 
wras  to  be  feen  but  heaps  of  putrefaction.  The  Streets, 
the  public  markets,  the  fquare  of  the  play  houfe,  the 
harbour,  and  every  other  place,  was  Strewed  with  dead 
bodies.  In  the  original  narrative,  from  which  this  abridg- 
ment is  extracted,  there  are  many  circumftances  related, 
of  a  nature  fo  mocking,  that  to  repeat  them  would  be 
an  act  of  inhumanity  to  the  reader.  Thoufands  fled  on 
board  the  (hips  in  the  harbour,  from  a  conceit,  which 
proved  very  foolifh,  that  the  contagion  could  not  reach 
them,  when  upon  the  water.  The  Streets  were  heaped 
not  only  with  dead  bodies,  but  with  furniture  and 
clothes  of  perfons  infected,  which  were  inceffantly  caft 
out  of  the  windows.  The  dogs  and  cats  were  every 
where  killed,  and  ferved  to  augment  the  mafs  of  corrup- 


(  "3  ) 

tbn.  Ten  thoufand  dogs  were  at  one  time  computed  W 
be  floating  in  the  harbour. 

If  you  met  any  one  in  the  ftreets,  he  looked  as  if  half 
dead,  and  as  if  the  diftemper  had  affected  his  under- 
ftanding.  Many  wandering  about  fell  through  weaknefs, 
and  never  rofe  again.  Some,  to  put  an  end  to  their  fuf- 
ferings,  cut  their  own  throats,  or  jumped  out  of  high 
windows,  or  into  the  fea.  It  was  in.pt/fTiMe  for  the  hof- 
pitalsto  contain  the  crouds  of  patients  who  thronged  into 
them.  The  inftant  that  a  perfon  was  obierved  to  be  in- 
fected, he  became  an  object  of  horror  to  his  neareft  re- 
lations. He  was  either  left  deferted  in  the  houfe,  or 
driven  out  of  it.  This  was  the  treatment  of  wives  to  their 
hufbands,  and  hufbands  to  their  wive-,  of  children  to 
their  parents,  and  of  parents  to  their  children.  The  hof- 
pitals  were  fo  far  from  being  capable  to  contain  the  f;ck, 
that  numbers  could  not  even  get  accefs  to  the  doors,  on 
account  of  the  vafl  crouds  that  lay  on  the  pavement 
around  them.  This  was  the  fituation  of  Marfeiiles 
at  the  end  of  Auguft.  By  the  third  of  September,  the 
furviving  magifirates  found  the  town  houfe  almofl 
empty.  Five  hundred  perfons  belonging  to  it  had  died. 
Amongfl  thefe  were  three  hundred  and  fifty  of  the  city 
guards.  The  religious  orders  likewife  fuffered  extreme- 
ly. The  bifhop  was  diftinguifhed  by  the  moft  active  and 
intrepid  benevolence.  On  the  6th  of  September,  there 
remained,  after  every  exertion,  above  two  thoufand  dead 
bodies  in  the  flreets.  A  frefh  fupply  of  galley  flaves  was 
obtained  with  difficulty.  From  this  time,  to  the  end  of 
September,  the  difeafe  raged  with  unabated  fury.  In 
the  month  of  October,  it  began  to  abate  without  any 
vifible  caufe.  The  fick  began  to  be  cured.  In  Novem- 
ber, the  contagion  continued  to  decreafe,  and  by  the 
i  ft  of  December,  the  danger  was  in  a  great  meafure  at 
an  end.  It  was  not,  however,  entirely  ceafed  till  the 
month  of  March.  We  are  not  informed  as  to  the  ex- 
act number  of  deaths  ;  but  they  are  efJmated  at  not 
lefs  than  fifty  or  fixtv  thoufand. 


Lift  of  all  the  Burials  in  the  fever al  grave  yards  of  the  city 
and  liberties  of  Philadelphia,  as  taken  from  the  Books 
hept  by  Clergymen,  Sextons,  ESa  from  Jlugufl  \Jl  to 
November  (jth,    1793. 

AUGUST. 


SEPTEMBER. 


OCTOBER. 


R   ^ 

1                             !  .A 

1 

Is 

1- 

"9                  JJS 

- 

<  6  16  £  S  *  £ 

e  »  «  s  ^  ■§  - 

£    u  ,  ■*•    •     -sic 

g  0  §  ra  1  g  » e 

9                _   —         0  « 

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J                                   31   6- 

33!3    J    3    j 

5    I     7     *•.*« 
13        3  ^    6 

4    1                            2  33    78 

4JI    2    4          2 

S       a            1        1  27  58 

521      23 

I    2  12    i  II 

i  3    1    4                        3  26    71 

62   5    1    I         2 
7  7    3    1    2    I   5 

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I     a    I    ft    9    sjj'ia 

|4         2                            34    76 
7         2                       2  25    82 

8' 3    2   3    1    2   1 

2    3     2    J         J2I 

°         3                       3  33\  9C 

9  2    I        112 

I7l]4         '19 

811                       3  50102 

10  7        2222 
«J4   2'5    *    3J2 

31)6         I26 
3     I   12         21 

6    1   j            1^3193 

8     •*  £  r    ?<3 5°H9 

12;  I     2,2     I     4'  I 

6   1  11      17 

12       I    *  J       *;  8  44111 

I3!6   3             if 

1   1   4   1 ;  9       20 

5         J   ^  ^       "»  4  48 IQ4 

Mrs]     g  2  29  81 

14      2                    'I                           15 

2    2,5        17 

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16  u   1   2   2   4  2 

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2614       10 

7        2    2    S        ^   3*9   80 
2        2  ^  ^       ^ ,2  29   70 

J75   3    2 

3    3       10      16 

7        2^               1  28   80 

18     {21        4 

1        5    1   S       II 

3ii                      2  22  59 

19  2 '3            4i 

4*2        14J 

211                      2  27   6j 
61                       I  17   55 

2c  2   3             3    2 

4    14        " 

21  4             231 

5    »U         8 

41                       I  M  59 

22I                               2   31    82 

22  a           232 

2;5    2; 7        19 

53i            13 

\s  aj      ic 

7                                    I     3   54 

24  1    1                 3 

'2      la        8 

4                     17  38 

2  10  35 

*5  S,\          121 

rpt  1  ji       8 

26    2    I                 II 

1       12       5 

21                       1   5     23 

2/1           I 
28   1    I          2 

1           11 
4        5 

2  6    13 

3  1                       1    6    25 

s9  1                     1 

I           2         I4 

2                                     6    17 

30  !    I 

2                  3 

1                               2   6    16 

2*1    J   '               ' 

la      1     J7 

3      •         1             1      8    22 

NOVEMBER. 


^u 


a 

-. 

u 

- 

fl 

.; 

£ 

u 

U 

"J 

- 

fc 

*i 

c 

£  fc= 


0 


£5 


— 

c 

■) 

i 

0 
0, 

" 

2 

5 

13 

8|2I 

I 

4!u 

I 

6  b 

6.14 

J« 

I 

sl« 

3 

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I 

a  3 

i 
i 

3 

i  i 

z 


2 
I 


I  *• 


E    ~ 

•S  -5 
~?  "a 

!|| 


Au-uft         -                   325 

September         ------  I442 

O&ober         -        -         -                           -  1993 

November         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  118 

Jews,  returned  in  grofs         ...  ^ 

Eaptifts,        Do.             -----  60 

Me.bodifts,  Do.               -                   -  32 
Free  Quakers,  Do.          -------29 

German  part  of  St.  Mary's  congregation        ...  ^o 

Total  4041 


n 


rChrlft  Church        -        -        -  XI  $ 

Proteftant  Epifcopalians  <  St.  Peter's         -  109 

(.  St.  Paul's.             -  70 

"Firft 73 

Second I2'8 

Prefbyterians  t  Third 107 

J  Afiociate                       ...  1% 

[_  Reformed                   _         .         .  33 

r  St.  Mary's         -                     -           -  *5* 

Roman  Catholics  <  German  part  of  do.             -  30 

C.  Trinity 54 

Friends         ---------  373 

Free  Quakers         -         -         Returned  in  grofc.             ►  39 

„             ("Lutherans          ----..  64! 

Germanicalvinifts a6l 

Moravians         -------r  13 

Swedes         ---------75 

Baptiils            *            -             Returned  in  grofs.             -  <5o 

Methodifts              -             -             Do.             -             -  3* 

Univerfalifts             -  % 

Jews           -           -                               Do.            -           -         -  % 

Kenfington              -             -             -             -             -  169 

Potter's  field,  including  the  new  ground         -          -  1334 

404I 


O 


METEOROLOGICAL   OBSERVATIONS, 


made     in     PHILADELPHIA,     by 

DAVID     RITTENHOUSE,    Efquire. 


AUGUST, 


1795. 


Barometer. 

Thermometer. 

W 

nd. 

W 

rather. 

A.  m.    3    P.  M. 

6  a.m.  3 

P.   M. 

6    A.   M. 

3  p-  M« 

6   A.  It. 

3   P.  M. 

1 

29  95 

30     0 

65 

77 

W  N  W 

NW 

ioudy, 

fair, 

s 

30     » 

30     1 

63 

8. 

NW 

sw 

a.r, 

fa  r, 

3 

3°     5 

29  9. 

6a 

82 

N 

NNE 

fur, 

fa  r, 

4 

29  97 

30     c 

65 

87 

S 

sw 

a.r, 

fa;r, 

5 

3°     5 

30      1 

73 

9° 

ssw 

sw 

air, 

fa  r, 

6 

30     2 

30     0 

77 

87 

sw 

w 

dowdy, 

fa  r, 

7 

30   12 

30      i 

68 

8.3 

NW 

w 

fair, 

fair, 

8 

30     1 

29  9.'. 

69 

86 

SSE 

SSE 

fair, 

ran, 

9 

29     8 

29  75 

75 

85 

SSW 

SW 

•loudy, 

fa  r, 

JO 

29    9 

29    s 

67 

82 

W 

sw 

air, 

fatr, 

11 

30     0 

30     c 

70 

84 

sw 

wsw 

cloudy, 

cloudy, 

12 

30     0 

go     r 

70 

87 

w 

w 

fair, 

fair, 

13 

3°     5 

30     c 

71 

89 

sw 

w 

fair, 

fair, 

14 

30     0 

29  9, 

75 

82 

sw 

sw 

fair, 

ra-n, 

1.5 

30     0 

3°     ; 

72 

75 

NME 

NE 

rain, 

cloudy, 

16 

30     1 

30     1 

70 

8.3 

NME 

NE 

fair, 

fa  r, 

17 

30     1 

30     c 

7i 

86 

SW 

sw 

,a,r' 

fair, 

|8 

30     1 

30     0 

73 

«9 

calm 

SW 

fair, 

fair,    * 

19 

3°     * 

30     i 

72 

82 

N 

N 

fair, 

cloudy, 

20 

3°     1 

30    IS 

69 

8e 

NNE 

NNE 

fair, 

fair, 

21 

3°  »5 
3°     3 

3°  '-r 

62 

83 

N 

NNE 

air, 

fa:r, 

82 

3°  ?" 

63 

86 

NE 

SE 

fair, 

-  fair, 

23 

3°  25 

30   if 

63 

85 

calm 

S 

fair, 

fair, 

84 

30     1 

go      3 

73 

81 

calm 

calm 

cloudy, 

ra  n, 

8.5 

3°     l 

30      1 

71 

66 

NE 

NE 

rain, 

great  rafn, 

«6 

3°  *5 

30       £ 

59 

69 

NE 

NE 

cloudy, 

cloud V,a 

27 

30     2 

30     <: 

65 

73 

NE 

NE 

cloudyf 

cloudy,| 

28 

30     2 

3°  *i 

67 

80 

S 

calm 

cloudy, 

clearing, 

20 

30  16 

3°  »5 

72 

86 

calm 

SW 

clouiy, 

fair, 

3° 

30     1 

30     1 

74 

87 

calm 

SW 

fair, 

fair, 

a1 

1      30     0 

30     0 

74 

84 

SW 

NW 

rain, 

fair, 

METEOROLOGICAL    OBSERVATIONS, 


PHILADELPHIA,    SEPTEMB  ER.  1 793. 


B  romeier. 

Thermometer. 

W 

nd<. 

V 

(A.M.    3    P. M 

6a.m.  3 

P.M. 

G    A.  M. 

3    P.  M. 

6   A.  M. 

1 

30       O 

29  30 

7» 

86 

Calm 

SW 

ft  ft 

2 

29  7.5 

29     8 

73 

86 

sw 

sw 

fa  r, 

3 

80     0 

60 

NW 

N 

fair, 

4 

3o  15 

3°  *5 

55 

V> 

w 

W 

!?    ' 

5 

3°  i5 

30     1 

62 

80 

SE 

S 

far- 

6 

29  97 

29  95 

70 

80 

wsw 

w 

fa^ 

7 

30     0 

30     0 

65 

77 

WN  W 

NW 

fair^ 

8 

30     1 

30     1 

64 

70 

Calm 

Calm 

NW 

cl.-udy, 

9 

30     0 

3°     ° 

66 

80 

SE 

rain, 

10 

30     0 

30     0 

64 

72 

N 

NNE 

fa  r, 

1 1 

.0     1 

30     0 

6a 

72 

NNE 

N 

doudy, 

12 

29  96 

29     9 

53 

76 

NW 

NNW 

fair, 

13 

29  95 

30     0 

57 

72 

NW 

N 

fair, 

14 

30     0 

3°     5 

53 

79 

NW 

NW 

fair, 

*5 

ao      0 

29  97 

65 

80 

N 

S 

fair, 

ib 

29     9 

29 

70 

84 

S 

SW 

cloudy, 

*7 

29     8 

29  85 

66 

67 

N 

N 

cloudy, 

18 

3°     3 

44 

N 

fair, 

»9 

3°     4 

3°  35 

45 

70 

Calm 

SW 

far, 

*0 

3o     3 

3°  *5 

54 

69 

Calm 

SE 

hazev, 

£1 

3°     0 

29     0 

59 

78 

Calm 

cloudy, 

22 

30     0 

30     0 

6.3 

83 

Calm 

cloudv, 

23 

30     1 

30     1 

62 

81 

Calm 

SE 

doudy, 

24 

3°     2 

30     2 

65 

7l 

NE 

ENE 

cloudy, 

25 

3°  >5 

30     0 

61 

68 

NE 

NE 

doudy, 

26 

29     8 

29     7 

5» 

79 

N 

N 

cloudy, 

27' 

29     7 

64 

NW 

NW 

doudy, 

2* 

j      3°     5 

3°  >5 

54 

73 

NW 

NW 

air, 

2Q 

3°     3 

3°     3 

56 

74 

NE 
1      Calm 

ENE 

cloudy, 

3° 

•      3°  35 

3°    3 

57 

75 

"  SW     1 

f^ggy» 

reatl  er. 
3  p.  M. 
fa  r, 
fa  r, 
f  a     , 
fair, 
cloudy,' 
cloudy, 
fa;r, 
cloudy, 
far, 
cloudy, 
fair, 
fair, 
fair, 
fair, 
fair, 
fair, 
cloudy, 

fair, 

haze/,' 

fair, 

fa'r, 

cloudy,' 

fair, 

cloudy, 

fair. 

fair, 

fa  r, 

fair, 

fair, 


METEOROLOGICAL   OBSERVATIONS, 

PHILADELPHIA,    OCTOBER,   1793. 


Barometei 

Thermometer. 

Winds. 

Weather. 

7    A.  M.    2  P. 

M 

7  A.   M. 

2  p.  :.; 

7    A.   M. 

a  p.  m. 

7  A.  M. 

2   P.   M, 

3 

3°  *5     3° 

5 

64 

80 

sw 

SW 

cloudy, 

fair, 

£ 

29     9     30 

5 

70 

72 

w 

NNW 

doil'ly, 

fair, 

0 

30     2     30 

»5 

5° 

72 

w 

SW 

fair, 

fair, 

4 

29  75     29 

7 

59 

72 

sw 

w 

cloudy, 

cloudy 

£ 

30     0     30 

1 

58 

66 

N 

N 

fa  r, 

fair, 

6 

3°     3     3° 

3 

43 

66 

NE 

w 

fair, 

fair, 

7 

3°  45 

46 

calm 

fair, 

8 

30      6      £0 

I 

53 

63 

Nf 

N 

fair, 

fair, 

9 

3°     5     3° 

4 

53 

70 

NW 

NW 

fa>r, 

fair, 

1C 

30     2     30 

(• 

49 

74 

E 

NW 

far, 

fair, 

at 

30     0     29 

8 

51 

74 

W 

W 

'a  r, 

fair, 

12 

26    6     29 

,5.; 

58 

64 

SW 

NW 

ra  n, 

ram, 

13 

29  85     29 

< 

49 

69 

NW 

NW 

fair, 

fa  r, 

34 

3°     5     3° 

c 

52 

76 

SW 

SW 

t  aim, 

fair, 

it 

29  75     29 

S 

56 

54 

sw 

N 

fair, 

rain, 

16 

30     0     30 

c 

37 

53 

NNW 

N 

fa  r, 

fair, 

»7 

30      1      go 

1 

37 

60 

NE 

NE 

fa  r, 

fair, 

18 

30     1      30 

4* 

62 

NW 

NW 

fafr, 

fair, 

35 

3©     0     29 

r 

5' 

66 

N 

N 

cloudy, 

fair, 

£t 

30     0     30 

( 

44 

54 

NW 

N 

fair, 

fair, 

£1 

30     0     30 

f- 

49 

59 

N 

NW 

a.r, 

far, 

L2 

2g      6      29 

.' 

5i 

65 

NW 

NW 

air, 

fair, 

*£ 

29     8     29 

; 

47 

60 

W 

W 

a  r, 

fair, 

£4 

3o     3     3° 

,-- 

36 

59 

W 

NW 

air, 

fair, 

Si 

3o    4     3° 

g 

46 

71 

S 

S 

cioudy,  fa 

ir,hioh  w 

£'.:. 

30     2     3.. 

i 

60 

72 

calm 

SW 

loudv, 

cloudy, 

27 

3°     3     3° 

■r 

44 

44 

NNE 

NNE 

( loudy, 

cloudy, 

a8 

0     2     30 

I 

34 

37 

N 

N 

loudy. 

cli.udy, 

£f 

•9  85     29 

■\- 

28 

44 

NNW 

NW 

fair, 

fair, 

3<- 

30     1     30 

;l 

28 

49 

ca'm 

SW 

iazy, 

hazy, 

3« 

33  15     3° 

42 

45 

calm 

NNE 

cloudy, 

rain, 

NOVEMBER,    1793. 


Barometer. 

Thermometer. 

1       V 

/ind. 

7    A.   M. 

2    P.  M. 

7    A,  M. 

2    P.M.;   7    A .   M , 

2     P.    M 

30        t 

30       1 

40 

41             NNE 

NE 

30     3 

8°  25 

32 

49 

NNE 

NE 

30    1 

30     cj 

43 

56 

Calm 

SW 

29     8 

29     .91 

55 

67 

.  sw 

SW 

30  *5 

3°     '  J 

5° 

64 

NE 

NE 

29     8 

n-D  6 J 

63 

67 

S 

S 

e9     8 

ag       J 

44 

64 

<"  aim 

SW 

ecj     8 

29  8  j 

43 

.56         SSW 

SW 

29    9 

*9  951 

41 

64  / 

SW 

SW 

Wea'her. 

7    A-  M. 

2    P.M. 

tain, 

cloudy, 

or, 

fair, 

1   udv, 
loudy, 

cloudy, 
fa  r, 

lin, 

ra  n, 

udy, 

a  r, 

cloudy, 
fa:r, 

iair, 

fair, 
fair, 

121 


LIST  of  the  names  of  the  perfons  who  died  in  Philadelphia, 
.or  in  di  i'eren:  parts  of  the  union,  afrer  their  departure  fi  om 
this  city,  from  Auguft  ilv,  to  the  middle  of  December,  1793*. 


ABIGAIL,  anegrefs 
Jofeph  Abbot 
joiin  Abel,  fhoemaker 
Henry  Abel's  child 
John  Abrahams,  fnopkeeper 
Elizabeth  Abraham 


Chriftopher  Armftvoini.  weaver 

James  Armftiong,  weaver 

John  Armftrong 

Michael   Artery. 

John  Mi,  breeches- maker 

Geon&e  Ai 


- — —  —  ^ 

James  Ackley,  labourer,  wife,  Nathaniel  Afnby's  child 

and  three  daughters,  Jon  ,  L-.bonrer,  and 

John  13.  Ackley's  child  Jofeph- Afhton,  bricklayer,  wife, 

w  Ackley  and  two   children 

James   Adair,    labourer,   wife,  Jofeph  Aihton,  carpenter 

and  fop..  Joftfph  Afhtiri 

Helter  Adams  Stephen  Alton,  labourer 
Mofes  Adams,  carpenter  ;efs 

Robert  Adams's  two   children  Peter  Afton,    merchant,    wife, 
Sarah  Adams,  fervant  girl  and  Ion 

Andrew  Adgate,  cardmaker  Jehu  Atkinfon 

Widow  Adgate  and  2-  children  Caleb    Attmore,  hatter,  and  his 


Mary   Addington 

Janies  Ager 

Peter  "Agge,  phyfician 

Mary  Ad.vulier 

John  Ainey,  ftone-  cutter 

John  Alberger,  cooper 

Chriftian  Alberger,  ikinner 


apprentice 
Jane  Attrictz,  wkl.  &  dau 
James  Aubaine 

Phil.  B.Aadibert,  merchant,  ft 
Monfiear  Auje,  Fr. 
Julia  Aider,  leivant  girl 
Ifeac  Auftin,  carrier 
Kemiquis    Azor 
Prifcilla  Alberton 


Jofeph    Alberton,    wife,    and 
two  children 

of  Tho's  Alberton,  farmer  Tames  Alder,  mere! 

Frederic   Albrecht  Thomas   Aliibone's  child 

Albrecht,  ikinner  ifha  Alexander;  tarylor 

Michael  Albrecht's  ion  Michael  James  Alexander,  hatter 

Anl                 .  k,  Portugal  Jofeph   Alexander,  weaver, 


Andrew   Apple,  and  child 
Henry  Appie,  raylor 
Elizabeth  Appleby,  fervant  girl 
Henry  Apfei's  daughter 

mill  Armand  and  child 
Chriftopher  Arpurth  s  \ 
Andrew  Armitrong's  child 
Barney  ArmilrOng,  labourer 
Chriltian  Armstrong,  weaver 
h  Arinftrona:,  weaver 


apprentice 
Alexander's  wif 


i 
and 


an  apprentice 
Hefter  Alexander 
Rebecca  Alexander 
Nicholas  Alia"  nrer 

AuguftusAllb  dren 

Elizabeth   Allegue 
Ann   Adlen 
James  Allen's  child 


*  This  lift  has  been  partly  collected  from  the  chnrch-br 

ie  different  congregations,  and  partly  from  the  information 
ved   by  fev era]  perfons  who  have  been  employed  to  make 
-  at  every  houfe  in  the  city  and  liberties.     Though  very 
'  pains  have  been  taken,  and  expenfe  incurred,  in  its  arrange- 
ment, ftill  it  is  nqt  given  as  fully  complete  and  accurate.     But, 
it  is  hoped,  that  its  defects  and  errors  are  but  few,  and,  confider- 
ingr  the  difficulty  of  the  bufijiefs,  fuch  only,   as  will  meet  the 
s  1  's  ready  indulgence.  R 


(     *M     ) 


John  Alien,  foap  boiler 
Mary  Allm.a^ed   70 
Tofeph  Allen 
N3.y  Allen 
Widow  Rebecca  A^len 
David  Allen's  filter 
William  Allen,  fervant 
William  Alley 
George  Alufon*  fadler 
Robert  Albion,  fen. 
Lawrence  All  man  and  child 
John  Albnan 

Jacob  Aloerltock,  brewer 
ohn  Aliton,  meJicalftudent 
. 'eter  Ah  art 
S  rah  Aiiimon 
.  —  A>u?nd 

Francis    Anderfon 
Frriiicta  An<ie  ton's  child 
Alexand.  Andeifon,   Innkeeper 
If'igh  Aid  Hon,  taylor 
Taines  Ande  ion's  wite 
bufanna  Audeis 
Will  am  Andeifon,  aged  72 
Jacob  Andei  fon's  daughter 
j<-hn   Andre 
Tno:na<?    Andrews,  ftioemaker, 

and  fon 
Ifhnc  Andrews 
Rev.  Robert  Annan's   wife 
Jacob  Anthony  s  wife,  and  fon 

Henry 
Thomas  P.  Anthony,  merchant 
Michael  Babb 
Join  Bacon's  wife 
D  ivid  Bacon's  wife 
Ma  y  Bacon 
Wi'low  .Backer 
El'zabeth  Back 
George  BackK-y 
Job  11    Badley,  fanner 
J  icob  B.^dei ,  laboui*er 
Hugh   Bain's  child 
H  s     Bnkeoven,  tavei  n-kfeper 
Adam   Baker 

Samuel  Ba^er,  book  binder 
Bartholomew  Bake,  's  child 
Catharine  Baker 
Ch'ilti  ma   Bake*-,  widow 
George  Baker,  merchant  . 
Jane    Baker,  widow 
Michael    Baker,  {hoemaker 
Sarah  Baker 
Wallace  Baker 


William  Baker,  fen, 

Win.  Baker,  jun.  apprentice 

George  bal. ly,  tanner 

Daniel  Baldwin,  apothecary 

Bmgefs  ball 

Ferny  bad,  or  Bale,  faduler 

H-innah  Bales 

John  Ballance,  blackfinith 

Thomas  Balleniine 

Dougal  bal'.emine 

James  Balling,  gunfmith 

John  Ballulbee's  child 

Maiy  Banks 

Jacob  Banklbn's  widow  &  chiM 

George  Bant t eon's  fon 

John  Baptilte 

Barbara •,  a  fervant 

Ba.be,  a  biack  woman 
John  ba  ber,  caipetuer 
Ifaac  Baiber,   plaiiteier 

Jacob   Batkelow's   child 
ohn  Barkley  s  child 
aary  Barclay  and  child 
Ifrael  Bard 

Tiiomas  Ba.ker,  chair-maker 
Wade  Barker 

Wade  Barker,  an  appi  entice 
Mary  Bare 
Margaret  Barkett 
Blaii    Barnes,  hair.dreffer 
Conelius  Barnes,   merchant 
Sterman  Barnes,   merchant 
Francis  Barnes 
Pau  I  Barnes's  fon 
Ifaac  Barnett,  joiner 
Garret    Barrey,    type  foundr 
John  Barret's   child 
James  Barrett's  wife 
B.idget  Barret 
Edward   Barrington,  grocer 
Tames    Barry  and   child 
platthias  Bany 
Fe  er   Baitho,  apprentice 
Peier  Bart  hoi,  copper,  &  wife 

. Bartholomew,   iailor 

Elizabeth  Bartholomew 

Chailes  Bai  tliolomew's  wife 

Cb    ttlieb  Bartling'b  wite&  dau, 

-  Barron 

AL  x  mder  Barron,  labourer 

Lewis   Barron 

T'lomas  Barry 

William,  ion  of  John    Barry 

Rob't  Bartram,  &jj  of  joieph 


(     123     ) 


John  Harwell,  livery.ftable- 

keepety  and  wife 
John  Baft,  apprentice 
frauds  Baftian 
Magdalen   Baftian 
Law  ence  Baft,  labourer 
William   Baftin's  ion 
Ab<a;»aui   Bates 
Peier  Batto,  cooper 
Catharine,  widow  of  Tho'sEatt 
Widow  Bau's  daughter 
Sufan  Batty 
John   Ba  ty 

jo  in   Baufh,  ihoemaker 
AnnaBaibara  Bauer 
Catharine  Bauchman 
Elizabeth   Eauck,  a  fervant 
Peter  Baufm's  fon 
Henry  Charles  Bauuian,  weaver 
Andrew  Bauih 
Adan  Baufh,  reed  maker 
George  Bautz,  carter 
Chailes  Bayman,  wheelwright 
Jacob  Bay,  type-founder 
Elizabeth  Bayle 
James   Beak,  labourer 
Honour   Beale 
Nathaniel  Baine's  wife 
William  Beard,  blackfmith 
Bridget  Bearet 
John  Bear's  wife 
John  Beattie,  labourer,  &  wife 
John    Beattie,  porter  of  united 

Mates  bank 
Catharine  Beattie 
Elizabeth  Beaufort 
Charles  Beaumont 
Andrew  Beck,  fen.  dyer 
Andrew  Beck,  jun. 
Eliza,  daugh.  of  Andrew  Beck 
Bernard   Beck,  porter 
Catharine  Beck 

Jacob  Beck's  wife  and  daughter 
Almy  Beck 
John  Beck,  fen.  dyer 
John  Beck,  jun. 
Eliza,  daughter  of  John  Beck 
perer  Beck,  fhoemaker 
Mary  Beckener 
Racht-1    Beck 
George   Becker's  child 
Jacob  Beeker 
Margaret  Beeves 


Beifs.  labourer 


Alexander  keicht's  child 

Elizabeth  Bell 

lonn  Bell 

Ivfana  Antoi  iette  Belvoirc 

Catharine  Benard 

E!  rabei  h  Lei  ge 

Fr  '.cis  Benjie 

Jo. in  Bennet.  joiner,  and  wife 

Samuel   Eeinet 

Michael  Bennc. ,  labouier 

Jacob  Benner 

Benjamin   Benefit's  ch  Id 

Thomas  Benner,    lahourer 

Lucy  Bennet,  wife  of  ditto 

Ofwald  Bently 

John  Benfon's  child 

Rene  Berenger,  Fr. 

Margaret  Bergmeyer 

Mary  Berg,  JEt.   75 

— . Berry,  tinker,  and  wife 

Carfiarine  Berry's  child 

Colonel  William  Beny 

Nicholas  Berkeiet 

Daniel  Beflcmeyer 

Claudius  A.  Bertier,  merchant 

Henry  Beyer 

Samuel  Bettle,  fen.  taylor 

George  Betinger 

Abraham  Bctts 

John  Bets 

Peter  Betto 

Thomas  BevanS 

Mary  Be  vans 

Chriftopher  Bevelin,  labourer 

Jenny  Bickledick 

Ann  Bickley 

Margaret  Bideman 

Owen  Biddle's  daughter  Jane 

Henry  Pierfe,    fhoemaker 

John  Biggs,  linen  draper,  and 

wife 
Eleanor  Bigley 
Peter  Bignall's  wife 
Ann  Bigot 
Jacob    Binder 
Jacob    Bilerder's  child 
Anna  Bird,  fervant 
Francis   Bingin. 
Cornelius  Bird 
Jofeph  Bird's  child 
Chriftopher  Birger,  carter 
Thomas  Birmingham 


C    1=4    ) 


Ann    Birmingham 

Ann  Bifhop 

Thomas  Biflmp's  daughter 

Thomas  Biven 

John  Peter  Bittman 

Robert    Black,  bricklayer 

William  Blake's  child 

Anthony   Blame,  confectioner 

Widow  Blofbeyer 

Nathaniel    Biodget,    Virginia 

planter 
Stancy  Block!  er 
Jacob   BlOcher,  labonrer 
Jacob  Blocher,  fnoemaker 
jacob   Blocker's   wife 

.  ■  Blofbeyer's  grandchild 
Elizabeth  Blin 
Eliza  Blackley 
Robert    Black 

Rich.   Blackham.    ironmonger 
Bernard   Bravehoufe 
Charles  Boehm,  apprentice 
Charlotte  Boehm,  a  fervant     . 
Adam  Bohl,  carpenter,  and  two 
daughters 

Martha    Bbgjgs,  widow 

Thomas   Bogh,     fhoemaker 

Bogs 

George   Bonce,  carter 

George.  Bock's  lifter 

Widow   Bock 

Mary  Bock 

Margaret  Bond,  fpinfter 

Peter  Bob's  daughter 

VVidow  Bonn's  ion 

Tofhua  Bonn,  carpenter 

Henry  Bonn,  labourer 

Jemimah  Bonfhall 
h  Bonnel,  a  child 

Sarah   Bird 

Barney  Book,  and  child 

Thomas  Boone,  carpenter 

Jofeph    Borde,  fawyer 

Geo.  Bornhoufe,  cabinet- maker 

John  Bafs's  wife 

nes  Bollock 

Andreas    Boihart,    fhoemaker, 
.  an  1  foil 

Wife  of  Andrew  Bofhart  (Ten.) 

Wife  or  Win.  Bolton,  baker 

Elizabeth  Bofwell 

Jemima   Bofwell 

Charlgtte  Bower 


Widow  Boulter 
Saliniah  Bouman 
C  tharine   Bouvke 
Peter  Bourke,   hatter 
Andrew  Bower's  wife 
.Martha   Bowers 
Stephen  Bowers,  ihoemaker 
Mrs.   Bowen 
Jofeph    Bowen 
Elizabeth  Bowen 
Adam  Bowles,  carpenter 
Catharine  Bowles 
Henry  Bowles's  wife,  &  2  fons 
Su  fan  nan  Bowles 
Catharine  Bowman,  a  fervant 
James  Bowman 

Frederic  Bowman,  doorkeeper 
Frederic    Bowman 
Henry   Bower's  wife 
Jol^u  Bowyer,    gardener 
William  Boyce's  wife,  and  foa. 
Elizabeth  Boyd 
Martha  Boyd,   fervant 
Anthony  Boyer,  (tore-keeper 
Catharine  Boyer,  widow 
y  Boyer,   coach  maker 

Michael  Boyer's  child 

Michael  Boyer,  butcher 

James  Boylairs  child 

Mary  Boyles,   widow, 

Catharine  Boynes 

Benjamin  Bodger's  fon 

Mary  Brackley,  a  fervant 

Ann  Bradlhaw 

Riley  Bradford,  waterman 

Mr.  Brandhoffer 

John  Brailey 

Jacob  Brant,  blackfmith 

John  Braun's  wife 
irtin  Brat  in,  labourer 

Wi<Jow  Braton's  two  children 

Francis  A.  Breinez 

Michael  Brady 
h  Brady 

William  Brickhoufe 

Paul  Barnes's  child 

Charles  Brinhon 

Mary  Brady 

John  BreckePs  wife 

Therefa  Briftol 

Anthony  Bricoxir 
Catharine  Breflin 
Michael  Briefch;  taylsr 


(      325      ) 


E'iizn  Brelew 

Jofeph  Brewer,  merchant 
Samuel   ii:  citiii 

joli'i  i]reizel;  baker 

William  BreWfter's  fon 

Chriitian  Bridig 
"Samuel  Brien's  daughter 

C"1  :harine  Brkton 

lfaac  Bricton 

Peter  Bridnen,  labourer 

John  Brighi's  fan 

Sarah  Bright 

Francis   Brooks,  gunfmith  and 
child 

Jacob  Broener,  taylor,  and  wife 

Edward  Brookes's  wile 

William  Brookes's  daughter 

Mary  Brooks 

Francis  Brookes 

Wire  of — • —  Brooks,  invalid 

Hannah  Brooks 

. —  Broomitone  &  2  apprentices 

Widow  Elizabeth  Brogdon 

John  Brother's  apprentice 

John  Brown,  a  negro 

Ann  Brown 

Mary  Brown 

bara  Brown,  a  fervant 

Conrad  grown  and, wife 

Wife  of  Geo/  ge  Brown,  taylor 
•   F.  Brown,  taylor,  and  wife 

Jacob  Brewn,  jun. 
John  Brown,  carpenter 
John  Brawn,  brickmaker 
Martin  Brown  and  mother 
Thomas  Brown,  taylor 
William  Brown,  labourer 
Thomas  Brown,  fhopman 
Thomas  Brown,  labourer 
James  Brown 
Elizabeth  Brown 
William  Brown 
George  Brownpere,  labourer 
Francis  B  ruck  net- 
Barney  liruckholil  and  wife 
fames  Brood  wick 
John  Brunftroro 

£  Brunei-,  taylor,  &  wife 
Tow  Bruner 
Elizabeth  Bryant 
Jacob  Bryant,  blackfmkh 
John  Bryan's  wife  and  child 


Matthew  Bryan,  rayW 

Bryan,    naoemakcr 
Thomas  A.  Bryan 
Thomas  Bryan's  wife 
William  Bryan,  labourer 

c  Buckbee,  hatter 
Geo rge  Buck,  ba ke r 
Bernard  Buck's  daughter 
Wife  and  child  of  Jofeph  Budd, 

hatter 
■■  Bufledet 

Sufannah  Budd;  widow* 
Sarah  Bufier 
Widow  Bnlem 
Jofeph  Bullock's   fon   George, 

and  daughter  Angelina 
Mary  Bull  man 
Samuel  Bullman's  wife 
Mary  Bunting 
Rachel  Bunting 
Jofeph  Burlington's  daughter 
Jofhiia  Bunn 
Jofeph  Burden's  child 
Sufannah  Burden,  in  the  Aim* 

houfe 
Thomas  Burden,  taylor 
Catharine  Burkhart,  a  widow, • 

aged  80 
Margaret  Burkhards 
George  Burdy,  taylor 
William  Burkhard's  daughter 
and  fon 

Daniel  Burkhard's  daughter 

John  Burghard  and  fon 

Elizabeth  Burke 

Peter  Burke's  daughter 

George  Burke's  child 

Catharine  Burke's  daugh' 

Jofeph  Burke,  clerk 

"garet,  wife  of  John  Burke 

Jofeph  Bnrk,  from  W»  Indies 

Thomas  Burke's  wife 

David  Burlc,  taylor 

Sophia  Burke 

Jacob  Burkellow,  jun. 

Jofh.ua  Bums,  houfe- carpenter 

Mary  Burns 

Patrick  Burns,  labourer 

Elizabeth  Burngate,mopkeeper 

Mrs  Burns 

John  Burns 

Thomas  Burn's  wife 

Mofes  B urnet,  ferry •  man 


C  "«  ) 


Robert  B'irrows 

Elizabei  u  Burs 

Join  B  il'yinaa 

William  Butler,  eha'r.maker 

El.Zibetu  Bufa 

Robert  Bufby 

Andrew  Button&le'S  wife 

Cia  n\'>  B  (hell 

Elizabeth  Bufhell 

Wi  Im.uB  MS,  fhoemaker 

Joan  B'Kier 

i\  a  ucis  Byerly,  a  lad 

Joiin  by  i  nes,  carrier,  and.  wife 

:  i  at)  Cable,  a  fervant 

Cat  iai  me  Cabler 

Hannah  Cadwallaaer 

V    i)    ".ike's  wi.e 

S-  Ian  lib  Cake 

James    il'.v  aitn,  jun. 

Jam  a      i  bi  ai  th's  young  man 

J„  in  Cal  ie  .  Qiopkeeper,  and 

wife 
John  Cal  Iwell,  a  child 
Mai  j   '  .lie 

James  Callagher,  feaman 
iVlaiM.i  Cailaghan 
Jilic-iael  ^alu'p's child au4  hired 

fervant 
Daniel  Calley 

William  Cameron,  innkeeper 
Charlotte  Camp 
Matthias  Camp 
Wife  of  Mr.  Campbell,  taylor 
Ann  Campbell 
George  Campbell,  wife  Sarah, 

and  daughter  Mary 
Chnftiana  Campbell 
James  Campbell,  iaoemaker 
John  Campoell,  fervanc 
Alexander  Cambler 
Patrick  Campbell,  labourer 
Alexander  Campbell 
William  Campbell  and  wife 
James  Camus 
Gilmet  Cam  bay 
Daniel  Canaan,  blackfmith,  and 

child,  Ir. 
John  Candie 
Mary  Cane,  widow 
{ohn  Canner,  baker 
Phoebe  Cane 
James  Cannon 
F anny  Cannon 


George  Capehart,  tobaeconift 

George  Cape.iart  and  child 

Frederic  Cape,  art,  coope- 

F  e .1  eric  Capeha..,  apprentice- 

Caleb  Cappy 

Cbrilroptter  Carefoot 

Francis  Card  ell 

Eleano   Carr  ell 

Catnerine  Care 

Lai  ence  Ca  rell,b'3.rsfounde- 

A-idresv  Care,    ayior 

Pnihp  Ca  e'sw'i  e  and  child 

Peter  Cavey,  apprentice 

loan   Carey  N  child 

rcer  Carey's   child 

— —  Carey •«  w^fe 

Stelena  Cal 

Thomas  Cames,  paper-hanger 

Andrew  Carney,  blackimiih 

Be  113  rd  Ca,  pen.ier 

Jonn    Carpenter 

James  Carper 

John  Garner 

Hannah  Carlwine 

lames  Carr,  labourer,  and  wife 

John   Carr 

Jofepb  Carr,  joiner-,  and  wife 

Jofeph  Carr,  appremice 

Rebecca  Carr,   and  mother 

Ma.y  Carr 

Rob't  Carr,  brafs-fonnder's  wife 

Daniel  Cariigan,   bricklayer 

Charles   Carrol',  merchant 

Elizabeth   Carrens 

Mary  Carrol 

Sarah  Carrowood,  fervant 

Timothy  Canell 

William  Can's,  taylor 

William  'Carfe,   and  child 

Ann  Carfon,  houfe-wife 

Francis  Cat  fon,  labourer 

Jofeph   Ca  fon 

joft-ph    Caffin 

Hannah  Carter 

Lewis  Carter,  harnefs-maker 

James  Carter 

J^mes  Carter  j  ;n. 

John  Carpenter's  daughter 

Jacob  Cathi  all 

Benjamin   Cathrall's  fon 

WiHiam    Cathers 

Ca  harine t  a  fervant 

Julian  Catcon 


(    "7    ) 


James  Cavelin,  t-aylor 

Bar.  Gavenogh,  porter,  &w'fe 

Elizabeth  Caw 

Elizabeth  Caw 
David  Cay,   merchant 
CliriiHan  Cent 
Frederic  Cephers,  joiner 
Iva  y  Francis  Chabot 

. Chace,  of  Baltimore 

D  ioihj  ChafFerly 

Abraham  Chalwell 

David  Chambers,  'cone  cutter 

Adam  Chambers's  child 

Henrietta  Chambe  s 

Ha/riot  Chamberlaine's  daugh. 

Richard  Chamberlain:^  daugh. 

Sarah  Chambers 

Dorothy   Chapman 

James  Chapman,  whip.rnaker 

Hannah  Chapman 

Cliarles  ■     ■  •,  a  drover 

John  Chatham,  Blackfmith 

Siciiolas  Chatt 

Claudius  Chatt 

Tuomas  Cherry,  cooper, 

Mary  Cherry 

George  Cheis's    wife 

Eliza  Chelter 

Thomas  Chevalier 

Michael  Chew's  child 

William  Chipley  , 

Emit  Chrift 

iacob  Chriltlei's  wife 
ilizabeth  Chriftie 
Matthew   Chriltie,  fen. 
JUatthew  Chriftie,  jun. 
Air  »  evv    Chriltie,  pi  inter 
Polly  Chriftie 
Frederick  Chi  iftian,  baker 
George    Chi  ifthelf's  daughter, 

and  her  child 
Maria  ChrifUy 
Samuel  Chi  iftman 
JohannChriftmann's  fon  Johann 
James  A.  Chubb, 
George  Chrifthclf,  mufician 
John  Chriftel's  (on 
John   Clackvvorthy 
Adam  Clamper,  and  child 
Thomas   Clamper 
Ann    Clatnpton, 
Ferdinand    Claney 
AbijdU  Clark's  child 


David  Clark,   coachmsJctT 

Ephraim  Claik's  wife 

Henrietta   Clark,  Ipn.fLefs 

Elizabeth  Claik 

Janes   C  lark,  carpenter 

iVel'y    Ua  k 

Margate  c  c  la  k 

Chriitiau  Clai  k's  young  man 

Thomas  Cla  k,  buckmaker 

Edward  CI  ik 

Sarah  Clark 

William    Claik,  water  nan 

Jan.es  !  laikfon 

Ma  garet   Clafpin 

John    Clatwortby,    taylor 

George   Claufe 

David  Claypoole's  2  children 

George  CLypoole,  joint r 

WdJiaai  Claypoole's  child 

Bartky   Clayton's  child 

Francis   CUvton 

Benjamin   Clayton 

William   Claw 

Elizabeth  Clement* 

Cliloe  ,afeivant 

William  CKments 

Jacob  Clements,  farmer 

Ma  )  Clements  aid  fon 

Samuel  Clements,  New  Jerfey 

Thomas  Cle%ei  ly,  baker 

Thomas  Clifford, fen,  merchant 

Sarah  Clifton 

Ifaac  Clime,  carpenter 

Sophia  Climejr 

Daniel  CI  ine,  baker 

David  Cline  and  daughter 

Ifaac  Cline,  carpenter 

Devoh  cime 

George  Cline 

John  Cline,  labourer 

John  Cline,  bricklayer 

Philip  t  line,  baker 

Mrs.  Clingham 

Mary  C-hngland 

Church  Clinton,  houfetarpen* 

ter,  and  wife 
Margaret  Cloiler 
Andiew  Clow,  merchant 
William  Clow,  printer 
George  Clowfe 
James  Clubb 

Pndip  Clumberg,  furg.  barber 
Cluiftian  Clupev 


(      128 


; 


Clymer 

■'  Coarigan,  btfcltl 
jofiah  Coates  s  daughter* 

garet  am!  Eleanor 
Thomas  ' 
\\  i  Id  of  John  Cobble, 

Wackfmh  h 
John  Coburn's  child 
Swmuel  Whiteafe  Cbbnrn 

Id  of  [antes  Cochran,  houfe 
carpenter 
John  Cocklirt 
John  Cochran,  a  feaman 
Mrs.  Cohen  and  fon  George 
Thomas  Colbert,  clek 
ii  Coleman's  wife 

ild 

Adam  Collins,  tobfccconift 

Konora  Collins  and  child   • 
Judith  Collin?,  fervarit 

hoias  Col';ns.  mink- maker 
rarer.  Co; 
Ralph  Collins  and  wife 
Wii'iam   Collins,  his  wife,   his 

two    daughters',    His   fecond 
"  '     '  ■ 

&  his  child,  all  of  one  family 
Xiaac  Collins 
Catharine  Ca11 
Sarah  Coltman,  midwife  . 
John  Colvill's  child 
Sarah  Col  way 
Abraham  Camby.  carpenter 
Cornelius  Comegys'  wife  Ann 
Mary  Commyns 
Sarah  Commyns 
Robert  Conckell 
Bai  Bara  Conard 

■gt.  Conard,  daugh.  of  John 
Mary  Conard 

.  i  Conde's  Ton 

itthe*Conard,6avern-k< 
Robert  Condic 

hael  Conrad,  a  lad 
John  Conrad,  and  wife 
Mrs.  Conard,  and 

m  Conrad,  -watchman 

low  Conrad 
Maria  Conrad 
Jane  Con key 

George  Connelly,  bricklayer 
George   Connelly's   child 
John  Connelly's  child 


hter  of  Michael 
C  onuer 
Sarah  ( 

Uy 

arcr,     wife    of    Jofeph 
vers 

• I  vlor 

Charles  Contant 

Conk's  daughter 
Geoi  labourer 

ook 
George  Cook,  porter 

,  ftone-cutter 
Jam  i 

ok 

M 
Geor  (  r's  wife 

Jacob'  owpef,  appreir. 
Joi i n  Cooper's  apprentice 
fames  Cooper,    labourer 
Peter  Cow pe r's  fon,  curriev 

Main  Cbwper,  currier 
Charles  Cope,  fhoemafcer 
►pe,  butcher 
Geo . 

;aret  Cc. 
Jacob  Coppas,  labourer 
Patt.  Co 
Michael    Corroy 

les  Cornelius,  carpenter 
David  Copeland,  tavern-keeper 
Mrs.    Corns,  ami  i^on 
Mi  :>. 

Mary  Cone 

Lewis  Coflarr,  apprentice 
William  Corfy 
MichaeJ  Corley,  upholfterer 

kolas     Corley,      mill-hone 
make;\  and  child 
Judith  Corley 
Lewis  Coal 

"in 
John   Co 

William  Roullbn,  fawyer 
Richard  Courtney,  taker 
John  Cdufirts,  itore-keeper 
Widow  Cownoufl's  child 
John  Cow  en,  ftore- keeper 
James  Cowan  and  cl 
fohn  Coward,  hemp-dicfler 
William  Cowlea 
Samuel    C  hild 

Louifa  Gflwell 
Barney   Cox 


C    **9  > 


John  Cox,  fhoemaker 

William  Cox 

William    Cox's  boy  and  girl, 

chairmaker 
Jofeph  Cox,  currier 

Cox's  fon-in  law 

Alexander  Cox 

Chailes  Cox's  child 

Jofeph  Cox,  and  wife 

Ann  Coy 

John  Cozens 

Jacob  Craft,  breeches-maker 

James  Coffee 

William  Coffee 

Dennis  Connor 

Rebecca  Corron 

Anthony  Cradet 

James  Craig,  merchant,  JEt.  80 

Edward  Crane 

John  Craig's  wife 

Lydia  Craig 

Airs.  Craig 

Mrs,   Craig 

Jacob  Cramp,  bifcuit- baker 

Sufannah  Cramp 

George  Craps 

James  Crawford's  child 

Chrif.  Crawlinberg,joiner 

Margaret  Craig,  widow 

Mary  Crayhead,  feamftrefs 

Henry  Creemer 

Cafper  Crefs,  and  daughter 

Andreas  Crefllnan's  fervant 

Margaret  Crefs 

Caleb  Creflbn's  wife 

Jofh.ua  Creflbn,  merchant 

Peter  Creflon 

Lewis  Creffy's  wife 

Chriftian  Criflw  ell's  child 

Elizabeth  Criflwell 

Chriftopher  Criel's  fon 

John  Croll,  barber 

Cronow,  fugar-boiler 

Catharine  Croft 

Cromwell's  wife 

Daniel  Crofs,  carpenter,  &  wife 
Daniel  Crofs,  jun.  carpenter 
Fanny  Crofs,  wafherwoman 
Peter  Crofs 

Mary  Crofs's  child 

George  Crow,  brafs-founder 

Ilenry  Crowell's  wife 


John  Crowley,  potter 
Janies  Crowley 
Mary  Crowley  and  daughter 
John   Crubreux,   drayman 
Mr.  Crtill's  child 
Wife  of  ^ohnCrumb,  bricklayer 
Philip  Cruncle 
John  Crump's  chilcl 
Paul   Cuckot 
Catharine  Cunan 
Ann  Cunningham 
Robert  Cunningham's  child 
Comfort  Cunningham 
Hannah  Cunningham 
Michael   Cunningham 
Matthew  Cunningham 
Peter  Curren's  child 
Mrs.  Cunens,  and  two  fass 
Mercy  Currie 
James  Currie 
Rebecca  Currier 
Ann  Curtain 

Thomas  Cuftard,  fhoemaker 
Jacob  Daderman's  child 
Robert  Dainty,  plumber 
Bridget  Daily 

Captain  Puchard  Dales's  child 
Peter  Dale's   daughter  Sarah 
Francis  Dalmafe 
Thomas  Dabriel,  fhoemaker 
John  Dalton,  clockmaker 
David   Damfen,  fhoemaker 
Julian  Danacker 
George  Danecker,  and  wife 
Robert  Dannell 
Catharine  Dardis 
Henry  Darroch,  Itore. keeper 
John   Daum,  labourer 
Conrad  Dauenhaer'-s    daughter 
George  Daum's  wife 
John   David,    filverfmith 
Ann  David 
Robert  David  fon 
James   David  Ton,  merchant 
fames   Davifon's  child 
ifaac   Daves 

Captain  Davis's  two  nephews 
Elizabeth  Davis 
Gifford    Davis's  wife 
Ifaac  Davis's  wife 
John   Davis,  wheelright,  wife, 
and  daughter 


i  *z°  y 


Jofeph  Davis,  labourer 

jofeph  Davis,    foap. boiler 

Maury  Davis's  child 

Michael    Davis 

Robert  Davis,  anchor- fmith 

Samuel  Davis 

Heller,  wife  of  Sam.  Davis,  fen. 

Sophia  Davis 

Sufannah  Davis 

Rachel,  wife  of  Jofeph  Davis, 

currier 
WiJow  Davis 
Widow  Davis 
William  Davis 
Iohn  Davis,  upholftere* 
Richard  Davy 
Mary  Dawkens 
Hannah  Dawfon 
Jolhua  Dawfon's  child 
Daniel  Dawfon's  wife  Hannah 
Mary  Dawfon 
Darius  Dawfon 
James  Day's  wife 
Elizabeth  Day 
Sarah  Days 

Edward  Deal,  blackfmith 
John  Deal,  blackfmith 
Mary  Deal,  fcrvant 
Peter  Deal's  child 
Margaret  Dean 
Jofeph  Dean,  Tendue-maftcr,  a 

woman  and  child 
Patrick  Deary 
jofeph  de  Barth 
Mr.Deberger,  his  wife,  and  6  or 

7  of  the  family 
Jacob  Debre 
Elizabeth  Debre 
Thomas  Debzel 
Chriflian  Deckard 
John  C.  Deckard,  muficisn 
Chrift.  Deckenli3rt,  apprentice 
Henry  Decker,  a  fervant 
Jenny  Deganhart 
Chrifiopher  Degenhard  &  child 
Wilhelmina  Degenhard 
William  Deganhort 
Ann  D.  Deifs 

Benjamin  Delany,  chair- maker 
Henry  Delaney 
Dennis  Delany 's  child 


John  Delany 

Patrick  Delany's  child 

Bridget  Delay,  cook 

Samuel  Delap,  bookfeller 

John  Demaffrand's  daughter 

Andrew  Denahaw,  cooper 

Mary  Denckla,  a  child 

Richard  Denney 

Mary  Denny 

Robert  Dennet,  groom 

Ezekiah  Denum 

William  Dennis 

George  Dennifon 

George  Denfell 

Henry  Den  fell's  wife 

Maria  Denzell 

Henry  Depherwinn's  fon, 

George  Dernberger 

Henry  Derham 

James  Derry 

Widow  Deringer 

Adam  Detterick,  fhoemaker 

John  Devenny's  child 

Chriitian  Devir 

Thomas  Devonald,  merchant 

Margaret  Dewis 

Campbell  Dick,  merchant 

John  Dibberger,  cutler,  &  wife 

Charlotte  Dibberger 

Henry  Dibberger,  fen.  &  wife 

John  Dickz's  fon 

Dick ,  a  negro,  aged  75 

John  Dickenfon,  bookbinder 

Mary  Dickinfon 

Jonath.  Dickenfon,  fhoemaker 

•  ■'    ■■    ■  Dickinfon,  drover 

Daniel  Dickenfon's  daughter 

Elizabeth  Dickinfon 

William  Dickinfon 

John  Dickinfon's  child 

P.  Dickinfon's  daughter  Maria 

Thomas  Dickinfon's  wife 

William  Dickinfon,  farmer 

Michael  Dignon  and  two  fons 

Edward  Dielil,  fmith 

John  Diehl's  fbn,  porter 

Maria  M.  Dichl 

John  DiehA,  carpenter 

Henry  Dietz,  baker 

John  Dietmar,  labourer 

Maria  Dietz 


(    i3'    I 


Elizabeth  Dietrick 

Michael  Dietrick' s  ion 

Williams  Dieu,achild 

Frederick  Dillman's  wife 

Catharine  Dill's  child 

Mr.  Dingle's  child 

Jane  Dight,  a  fervant 

Catharine  Dorothy  Dirrick 

William  Dallas 

Chriftian  Difhong,  and  child 

Maurice  Difhong,  clerk 

Matthew  Difhong's  child 

Sufannah  Difliong,  widow 

John  Dixon's  wife 

Elizabeth  Dixon 

Patrick  Dixon,  labourer's  child 

William   Dixon,  joiner 

Doctor  John  Dodd 

Jacob  Doddelmah's    wife  and 

two  children 
Dolly,  a  black  woman 
Julian  Doifon 
John  Doll,  carpenter 
HughDonaldfon,  fon  of  John 
Arthur  Donaldfon's  fon 
John  Donahue 
Johanna  Donahue 
Abigail  Donahue 
Margaret  Donnelly 
Philip  H.  Dorneck 
William  Dorr 
Sarah  H.  Dorfey 
Robert  Dorfey's  fervant  girl 
William  Doudney 
Barnard  Dougherty 
Jeremiah  Dougherty,carpenter 
John  Dougherty,  carpenter 
Rev.  William  Dougherty 
Margaret  Dougherty,  fervant 
Henry  Dougherty 
Elizabeth  Doughty 
Charlotte  Douglafs 
Gem.  W.  Douglafs,  filver-fimth 
Jofeph  Douglafs,  hair-drefler 
William  Douglafs,  carter 
Peggy  Dougney 
Mary  Dove 
Thomas  Dowling 
Nathaniel  Dowdry,  carpenter 
Mrs.  Down 

William  Downey,  whip-maker 
Nathaniel  Downing 


Peter  Doyle 
James  Doyle 
Mary  Doyle 
Henry  Drawiller 
JohnDrieux,  wife  &  daughter 
William  Drinker 
Elizabeth  Diifcall  and  child 
John  B.  Drouillard's  2  children 
John  Drum's  child 
Eleanor  Drum 

Cha.  Fk.  Dubois,  watch-maker 
Jofeph  Dubreez's  wife 
Erenna  Duflield 
Lucy  Dufheld 

J.  Dufour's  daughter  Catharine 
Nancy  Dugan  and  child 
William  Duglas 
Du  Lac,    French   ambaflador'S 
fecrcrary 

i    ,  Dull,  hatter 
Charles  Dunbar 

John  Dunbury,  fervant 
John  Dudman 

James  Duncan's  wife  and  chilc£, 
John  Dunkin,  merchant 
John  Dunleavy 
Cormick  Dunleavy 
Margaret  Dunley,  fervant 
Ann  Dunn 

Elizabeth  Dunn 
Sarah  Dunn 

Francis  Dupail 

Doctor  Jofeph  Dupac 

Elizabeth  Dupleffis 

Francis  Dupont,  conful  of  ih& 

French  republic 
Philip  Durnick 
John  Durker 

Peter  Durieu 

Rofana  Durang 

Jofeph  Duvet 

John  Durney's  child 

Thomas  Durnell's  daughter 

Sufannah  Dyes 

William  Earl 

Grace  Eaflaugh  and  child 

Charles  Eaftick 

Sarah  Eaftick 

John  Eaftick's  wife 

George  Eborne's  child 

John  P.  Eck,  grocer 

Elizabeth  Eccfes 


(    »3*    } 


James  Eccles's  two  daughters 

.  i  Eccles 

George  Eckel,  linen-draper 

Mary  Eccles 

Elizabeth  Eccles 

Deborah  Eckley 

John  Ecky's  apprentice 

•        Eckftein's  wife  Catharine 

and  child 
Maria  Echard 

Philip  Edenborn,  carpenter 
Phil.  Edenborn,  flower-merch. 
John  Edmundfon 
Edward  Edwards's  two  children 
Ephraim  Edwards,  labourer 
John  Edwards,  failor 
Abigail  Edwards's  child 
Morgan  Edwards,  hatter 
John  Edwards 
Samuel  Edwards  and  wife 
William  Edwards,  iilverfmith, 

and  child 
Catharine  Egan 
James  Eggar 

Martin  Ehrhard's  daughter 
Elizabeth  Ehrenzellers 
Jacob  Ehringer 
Mary  Eidemield,  fervant 
Ann  Eiler 

John  Eifenbrey,  tavern-keeper 
Richard  Elber's  child 
Francis  Elcock 
David  Elder,  clerk 
Sarah  Elder 
David  Elder  and  wife 
John  Element,  coachman 
J.  Elfrey,  cooper,  wife  &  child 
Catharine  Elfry 
Jofiah  Elfrith,  joiner 
Lanrence  Ellers  and  wife 
William  Ellery 
Jfaac  Elliot 
John  Elliot 
Mary  Elliot 
Hannah  Ellis 
Elizabeth  Ellis  and  child 
Samuel  A.  Ellis 
Ann  Elmore 

Margt.  Elmflie,  from  Scotland 
Sarah  Ellfworth 


Jofeph  Etum,  merchant 
Elfy,  a  black 
Andrew  Elwine 
Hannah  El  wins,  a  child 
Baitzer   Emerick's  two  fons 
Lxtitia  Emuel 
Maria    Emelott 
Widow    Emmeret 
Jacob  Enk,  tailor,  &  3  fons,  viz, 
Philip  Enk,  teller  in  B.  U.S.  ~> 
Henry  Enk,  linen-draper        > 
Pefer  Enk,  tailor  j 

Jacob  Endre's  brother  in-law 
Catharine  Enger,  and  child 
Chriftian  Englehot,  labourer 
James  Engles's  child 
John  Engles,  merchant 
John  Englifli 
Jacob  Erringer,    weaver 
Peter  Erfton,  wife  &  2chidren 
Anthony  John  Efcorcio,  clerk 
Frederic  Efker,  baker 
Chriftian  Efling 
Barbara  Efky 
Jacob  Efsler,  blackfmith 
Margaret  Eftling 
George  Efwin's  wife 
Adam   Etner 
Elizabeth  Ettrick 
Matthew  Ettrick's  wife 
Ettienne   J.  Eude's  child 
John  Evans's  child 
Magdalen  Evans 
Jofeph  Evans 
Mary  Evans 
James  Evans 

Mary  Evans,  a  hired  girl 
Nancy  Evans 

Philip  Evans,  houfe-carpenter 
Phillis  Evans 

Rowland  Evans,  merchant 
Rowland  Evans 
Ifrael  Everly,  fhoemaker 
Widow  Ebennan 
Anthony  Everhardt,  labourer 
William  Evil 
John  Ewen's  two  children 
Thomas  Ewing's  two  children 
John   Eyfenbry,  tavern-keeper 
Henry  Facundus,    fhoemaker,, 
and  wife 


(     *33    J 


\ohn  Fairus,  ftn'p- carpenter 

Mary  Faires 

Arthur  Falconer,  Ir. 

Hannah  Falkenburger,   Germ. 

Cafper  Farner's  wife 

Jofeph  Farren,  jun. 

John  Farren 

Edward  Fai  ren's  child 

Jolin  Farrow,  fhoemaker 

John  Fafler 

Michael  Fatty's  two  children 

John  Faufer's  fon 

William  Favel,  baker 

Samuel  Faringer's  wife 

Charles  Fearis,  feaman 

Tobias  Febias 

Widow  Feller's  child 

Jacob  Felty,  Germ. 

Fenix  Fenner,  labourer 

Daniel  Fenance,  a  child 

Jofeph  Fenny 

Daniel  Fenton,  fhoemaker,  and 

wife 
David  Fenton,  fhoemaker,  and 

wife 
Thomas  Fenton,  jun. 
Philip  T.  Fentham,  druggift 
Widow  Fenton 
Thomas  Fenton,  fail-maker 
-  Ferely,  widow 

Widow  Ferglafs 
Elizabeth  Fergufon 
Samuel  Fergufon 
Robert  Fergufon,  brick-layer 
Thomas  Fergufon,  printer 
Barnabas  Ferris,  clerk 
John  Ferris 
Francis  Ferris,  clerk 
Ann  Margaret  Fidlers,  widow 
Barbara  Field 
Charles  Field,  chair-maker 
Peter  Field's  wife 
Widow  Filler 
Thomas  Fielder 
Catharine  Fiete 
William  Fimifter,  farmer 
Francis  Finley 

Charles  Findley,  grave-digger 
Jane  Findley 
Miehael  Finn's  child 


William  Finn,  hatter 

Charles  Finney's  daughter 

Jofeph  Finney 

John  Fink,  porter 

Charles  Fink,  fhoemaker 

Kannah  Firmir 

William  Firm 

William  Finifter 

Ann  Fjfher,  fervant 

Catharine  Fifher,  fervant 

David  Fifher,  labourer 

Jabez,  fon  of  Miers  Fifher 

John  Fifher 

Robert  Fifher 

Henry    Fifher,     ftarch-maker, 

and  wife 
Patrick  Fifher,  fhoemaker 
John  Fifher  and  daughter 
Samuel  Fifher,    button. plater, 

Eng. 
Zachariah  Fifher's  child 
Samuel  Fifher,  hatter 
Sarah  Fifher,  fervant 
Samuel  Fifhinger's  wife 
Jacob  Fifler,  tailor 
Anthony  Fifler 

Jacob  Fifter,  labourer,  and  wife 
Chriftopher   Fite,    fhoemaker, 

Germany 
Adam  Fifter,  carpenter 
Margaret  Fitzgerald 
William  Fitzgerald,  tailor 
Gerald  Fitzfimmons 
Jeremiah  Fitzfimmons,  painter 
John  Fitzfimmons 
Philip  Flack,  joiner 
George  Flauer's  daughter 
George  Fleck's  wife 
Jacob  Fleck's  fix  children 
Reverend  Francis  A.   Fleming, 

catholic  clergyman 
Margaret  Fleim 
Hugh  Fleming,  tavcrnkeeper 
Hugh  Fleming,  fon  of  do. 
Samuel  Fleming,  fen. 
Samuel  Fleming,  jun. 
Elizabeth  Fletcher 
Charles  Flick,  wife  and  child 
David  Flickwir,  confectioner, 
\vif  e,  and  fen 


(     *34    ) 


James  Flinn 

Alary  Flinn 

Anne  Flint,  widow 

Flora,  a  black  girl 

Monf.  Florio,  Fr. 

Margaret  Flour 

George  Flowers's  child 

Eliza.  Faggle 

Mary  Faggle,  daughter  of  do. 

William  Faggle 

Elizabeth  Follows,  widow 

Widow  Fol well's  child 

liaac  I.  Folwcll,  tailor 

Daniel  Ford,  farmer 

George  Forde's  child 

George  Ford,  hoftler 

Fortune  Ford 

Alexander  Foreman's  daughter 

John  Forelter 

William  Forefter,  labourer 

John  Forfe 

Thomas  Forfter,  hatter 

Nicholas  Fofberg,  church-clerk 

Nicholas  Pofberg,  fei\.  painter 

Ann  Fofter 

Margaret  Foflbm,  Germ. 

Wife  of  George  Founce,  fnlier- 

mau 
Lemuel. Fowles  and  child 
George  Fowine,  fifherman 
William  Fowles,  mufician 
Dorothy  Fox 
Robert  Fox 

George  Fox  and  three  children 
George  Fox 
Garret  Foyer 
Frederic  Foy 
James  Frampton 
George  France 
Jofep'h  France 
Rebecca  Francis 
Jacob  Franks's  wife 
David  Franks 
David  S.   Franks,  afliftant  ca- 

fhier  of  the  U.  S.  B. 
Catharine  Fraim 
Elizabeth  Frafer,in  the  Widows* 

Hofpital 
Mary  Fraier 
Robert  Frafer 
John  Frederick,  labourer 
Anthony  Freeborn,  flioemaker 


Tobias  Freeborough 

Jacob  Freeborn,  tobaconifl 

Tobias  Frecbufh,  fhoemaker 

Haac  Freeman 

Jacob  Freneau 

Catharine  Freeth,  fervant 

Philip  Fries,  labourer 

William  French 

Sufannah  French,  nurfe 

Charles  French's  daugh.  Eliza. 

7  French  {tranters  (names  un- 
known) 

Michael  Frick,  carter 

Jacob   Frilander,  labourer 

Abry  Friend,  negro 

Elizabeth  Friend 

John   Fritz,  tailor 

John  Fritz,  tavern-keeper 

Elizabeth  Freft 

Jofeph   Fiomp,  apprentice 

James  Fruger 

Jacob  Fry,  apprentice 

Jane  Fry 

Mary  Fry,  wife  of  Jofeph  Fry 

Jofeph  Fry,  junior 

George  Fudge's  wife,  &  daugh. 

John  Fagle,  wife,  and  two  fon& 

Jacob  Fulton 

Widow  Fuller 

Henry  Furgurfon,  talior,  and 
wife 

William  Fuflblback's  child 

Peter  Gabriel,  baker 

Ferdinand  Gabriel 

Mary  Gabriel 

Sarah  Gainer 

Mary,  daugh.  of  Ja's  Gallagher 

Daniel  Gallagher 

Ally  Gallagher 

Michael  Gallimore,  farmer 

Sarah  Galloway,  JEt.  75 

Mary  Ann  Gaily 

Elizabeth  Galler 

Catharine  Gallinner 

John  Camber's  child 

John  Gambles's  wife 

Mary  Ganno 

Elizabeth  Gans 

Drufilla  Gardner,. 

Michael  Garcoin 

Elizabeth  Gardner 


C   ns  ) 


Elizabeth  Gardner,  fervant 
Wife  of  Ja's  Gardner,  failor 
John  Gardner,  Ihoemaker 
Mary  Gardner 
Richard  Gardner,  tea-dealer 
Benjamin  Gardener 
Widow  Margaret  Gardner 

Mr.  Gar  re 

Andrew  Garter 

Jolin  Gartner,  labourer 

Mary  Garret 

Thomas  Garrette,  apprentice 

Elizabeth  Garrett 

Thomas  Garrigues,  hatter 

Samuel  Garrigues's   wife  &  Ion 

Andrew  Gartly 

John  Gartly 

Sarah   Gaflher 

Valentine  Gather's  daughter 

Gafper  Gafher,  fnoetnaker,  fon 

and  daughter 
George  Gainer's  fon 
John   Gartly 
Andrew  Gatley 
William  Gaullin 
Adolph  Gaul,  butclier 
Joieph  Gaven 

John  Gawn,  taylor,  and  child 
Widow  Gebhard  and  daughter 
Rachel  Gebhard 
Dorothy  Geir 
Chriftian  Genfel,  porter 
John  Gelhar,  labourer 
Wife  of  John  Genther,  taylor 
George  Genflin's  child 
Margaret  Genther 
Robert  George 
Michael  Gering's  child 
John  Getts,  plafterer,  and  wife 
Jacob  Geyei\  taylo 
If  lac   Geyer's  fon 
Henry  Gibert,  cabinet-maker 
John  Gibard 

Margaret  Gibfon,  and  child 
Andrew  Gibfon  *s  wife 
Mary  Ann  Gibfon 
Robert  Gib.bn,  cabinet-maker 
Nancy  Gibfon 
George  Gilbert's  wife 
Michael  Gilbert,  potter 
Ruth  Gilbert 


Sarah  Gilbert,  fervant 

James  Gilchrift,  merchant,  Eng. 

William   Gilfry's  wife 

John  Gill,  tallow-chandler,  & 

child 
Jofeph  Gill 
Sarah  Gill 
John  Gillingham 
Mary   Gillingham,   fpinfter 
Mrs.  Girard 
Mrs.  Gilmore 
Margaret  Ginther 
John  Ginther,  tailor,  and  wife 
William  Girtin 
Mr.  Gifm 

Ferdinand  Glancey,  labourer 
Nathaniel  Glover,  merchant 
Elizabeth  Glynn 
.Benjamin  Glynn 
Peter  Glentworth,  phyfician, 
Michael  Gleenfon's  child 
John  Gobblegought,  Germ. 
Mary  God  in 
William  Gadfrey 
— —  Golden, hairdrefler,  Bofton 
Martha  Goldfmith,  widow 
Thomas  Goldrick 
Henry  Goldfon,  apprentice 
Henry  Golzer 

John  Good,  labourer,  Germany 
Jofeph  Good,  wife  and  child 
Mary  Good,  from  Bucks'  county 
Michael  Good,  brickmaker 
Moles  Goodman,  labourer 
George  Goodman's  child 
James  Goodwin 
Abraham  Gordon,  carpenter 
Elizabeth  Gordon 
John  Gordon,  Ir. 
Peter  Gordon,  Ihoemaker 
Enoch  Gordon 
Richard  Goren's  child 
Michael  Gorran 
James  Gorham,  carpenter  and 

button-maker 
William  Goiling,  houfe-carpen~ 

ter 
Catharine  Gofner,  Germ. 
Jofeph  Gofner,  jun. 
Sarah  Golher,  fervant 
S.  Hagelgans,  ftocking-weaver 


(     '36    ) 


Catharine  Hagar 

John  Gotze,  plalterer,  and  wife 

Morris  Gougii,  fhip-carpenter, 
wife  and  two  children 

James  Go  wan,  failor 

Jofeph  Gowan 

George  Grace,  labourer 

Jacob  Grace's  wife 

Rev.  Laurence  Graefel,  catho- 
lic paflor 

Batty  Graffs  child 

John  Graff's  wife. 

Jacob  Graff,  mafon 

Thomas  Graham 

Dr.  Graham,  late  of  New  York 

Robert  Graham 

Duncan  Graham,  carpenter 

Mary  Graham 

John  Graham,  flone-cutter 

Cafper  Grailt's  daughter 

Jonathan  Grammer 

William  Grant,  tailor 

Alexander  Graves's  wife 

Liulwick  Graver's  child 

William  Gravenftone 

John  Gray,  rope-maker 

Peter  Gray's  child 

Jofeph  Gray 

Thomas  Gray,  jun. 

Robert  Greaves,  hair-dreffer 

George  Greble,  cooper 

Elizabeth  Green  and  child 

Edward  Green,  fhip-carpenter 

Michael  Green 

James  Green's  wife  &  daughter 

Sufanna  Greens 

John  Green's  child 

John  Green,  labourer,  Ir. 

Ifaac  Green,  labourer 

John  Green 

Solomon  Green,  tobacconifl 

William  Greenville 

Levander  Grcff 

John  Greenward 

Benjamin  Greiner,  nailor 

Archibald  Greenlap 

John  Greifberger's  wife 

Ann  Gregory,  widow  JEt.  60 

Malcolm  Gregory 

Thomas  Gregory,  cooper 

Chriftian  Gregory's  child 

Ann  Gregg 


John  G reliant,  labourer 

John  Gobble 

George  Gribble,  cooper 

Jonathan  G'"ice,  Ihipwright 

Jofeph  C'ieve's  wife 

John  Grier,  and  wife 

Thomas  G  riffiner 

Mary  Griez,  widow,  Mt.  63 

Levander  Griffee 

Mary  Griffen 

Sellwood  Griffin,  blockmaker 

William  Griffin 

Margaret  Grindle 

John  Griffin 

Samuel  Grifcam,  carpenter 

Rebecca  Gi'ifcam,  wife  of  do, 

Cafper  Grifgam,  fawyer,  Ir. 

Ann  Griggs 

William  Griggen 

Sam.  Griikel ,  carpenter,  &  wife 

Catharine   Grogan 

John  Grofs's  wife 

Widow   Grofs 

Widow  Groflings 

Jofeph  Groves,  tailor 

Jacob  Groves,  blackfmith 

Margaret  Groves 

John  Grubb,  carpenter 

John  Grubb,  jun.  carpenter 

James  Grumman 's  child 

John  Gryce,  fail-maker 

Henry   Guel 

Geo.  Gueneau's  wife,  &  child 

Mr.   - — -  Guerre 

John  Guelt,  fen. 

Judas   Guier 

Marcus   Gunn 

Neil  Gunn,  labourer 

Daniel  Gurney's  child 

William  Gurton,  and  wife 

James  Guthrie,  carpenter 

John  Gutts,  plafterer,and  wife 

Jacob  Gueyer,  fon  of  ditto 

Frederic  Haas 

Matthew  Hafs 

Mary  Hafs 

John  Habear 

Catharine  Harline,  fpinfter 

Daniel    Harline,   blackimil.li 

William  Haft,  fhoemaker,  wife# 

and   apprentice 
Sufanna  Haga 


(   *w  > 


Valentine  Hagner,  fen.  cooper 

Valentine  Hagner,  junior 

Klizabeth  Hagner 

Andreas  Haidt,  f'mith 

Andreas  Haft 

Wra,  Haft,  fhoemaker,  &  wife 

Samuel  Hailagus,  itocking- 
weaver 

David  Mailer,  furgeon 

Frederick  Hailer's  wife 

Widow   Hailey 

John  Haltzel,  tailor 

John  Haines's  wife 

Dorothy  Hains 

Reuben    Haines,    fen.  brewer, 

Margaret  Haines,  wife  of  ditto 

George  Hake,   cooper 

Jacob  Halberftott 

Charles  Halden,  hatter 

Sebaftian  Hale,  or  Ale,  grave- 
digger 

Thomas  Hale,  bell- hanger 

Patrick  Haley,  labourer 

Penelope  Haley 

Philip  Hall,  butcher,  Germ. 

Dorothy  Hall 

Parry  Hall  and  daughter 

Elizabeth  Hall 

John  Hall 

Samuel  Hall,  labourer,  Eng. 

Mrs.  Haller 

Philip  Haller,  cooper 

John  HalLet,  hair-drefler,  and 
wife 

Charles  Hallick's  fifter 

Anthony  Haman 

Charles  Hambleton's  wife 

Henry  Hambleton 

Abraliam  Hambright'swife 

jofeph  D.  Hamelin,  French 
tutor 

Alexander  Hamilton's  wife 

James  Hamilton 

John  Hamilton,  apprentice 

Mary  Hamilton 

William  Hamilton 

Unity  Hammel 

Margaret  Haminon 

Jacob  Hammond,  fugar-baker, 
wife  and  child,  Germ. 

Nicholas  Hampitead's  foa  and 
daughter 


Elizabeth  Hampftead 

Child  of  Samuel  Hampton,  gro« 
cer 

Thomas  Hampton 

Michael  Hanaghan,  fervant 

John  Kanks's  maid 

capt.  Jacob  Hand's  widow 

George  Haney,  carpenter,  and 
wife 

John  Haney,  labourer,  Ir, 

John  Hannah  and  child 

Jofeph  Hanna,  tailor 

Chnilian  Kanna 

Andrew  Hanna 

William  Hanr.an 

Wife  of  Barnet  Hanfell,  tailor 

Andrew  Haniih 

Mr.  Hanfell,  Germ. 

Wife  of  Chriflian  Hanfcman, 
tailor 

John  Haragel,  baker 

Thomas  Harden 

Eve  Harding 

James  Harding,  fawyer 

Hannah  Harding 

William  Hardinefs's  wife 

James  Hardy 

Jane  Hardey 

John  Hare,  labourer 

William  Harklife 

Jacob  Harlman  and  wife 

Jofeph  Harman,  hair-drefler 

Mary  Herman 

Temperance  Kanner 

Sarah  Harm er 

Alexander  Harme 

Nicholas  Harmfladt,  and  daugh- 
ter 

Jane  Harned 

Hannal  Harnley 

Chriftopher  Harper's  daughter 

Henry  Harper,  hair-drefler 

Mary  Harper 

Jofeph  Harper's  three  children 

William     Harper's    wife    and 
child 

John  Harragan,  tailor 

Michael  Harragan,  fmith 

Thomas  Harrcll,  farmer 

Edward  Harris's  wife 

John  Harris  and  wife 


T 


(    '38    ) 


William  Harris 

Feale  Han-is 

Thomas  Harris,  fadler 

William  P.  Harris,  clerk 

Widow  Harris 

Elizabeth  Harris 

Hazel  Harriot 

Mary  Harrifon,  nurfe 

Jane  Harrifon 

Sarah  Harrifon 

Margaret  Harrifon 

Jacob  Hart,  pilot 

^Laurence  Hart,  ftorekeeper 

Rachel  Hart 

Thomas  Hart,  flioemaker,  Eng. 

John  Hartford,  coachman 

Sarah  Hartley,  Eng. 

Sufanna  Hartley 

Anthony  Hartman 

Jacob  Hartman,  apprentice 

Peter  Hartman's  wife 

Lewis  Hartman 

John  Hartrau's  wife 

Elizabeth  Harvey 

Elizabeth    Harvey,    fchoolmif- 

trefs,  Eng. 
Samuel  Harvey,  apprentice 
Philip  Hafenbach,  labourer 
Wm.  Haflel,  fen.  tavern-keeper 
Ifaac  Hartings,  iludent 
Lydia  Hatfield 
Tames  Hattriotz,  baker 
Jacob  Haufhaw's  young  woman 
John  Hauflcins,  fhoemaker 
William  Hautzel,  weaver 
>  "Haufman's  daughter 

Henry  Hauften 
Chriftian  Hautzel,  carter 
Chriflopher  Haufer'swife 
Jacob  Kawes 
Anna  Maria  Hawan 
Hugh  Hawthorn,  tailor 
Mary  Hawthorn 
William  Hays,  ironmonger 
Michael  Hay,  wife,  and  three 

fons,  John,  Peter,  and  Charles 
Jofeph  Hay 
Martha  Hays, 
Jacob  H^ys 

Mary  Hays,  of  Allentown 
Catharine  Hayes,  a  ftranger 


John  Haynes,  apprentice 

Catharine  Haynes 

Ruth  Haynes 

Hannah   Hazard 

James  Hazelet,  weaver,  Ir. 

Charles  Hazzleton 

John  Heartcnough's  wife 

Chrif.  Heatley,  merchant's  wife 

Harriot,  wife  of  Charles  Heatljp 

George  Heck,  cooper 

Samuel  Head's  dangh.  Mary 

-     ■■■  Hcbcrt,  a   Frenchman 

Anthony  Hecht,  labourer 

Charles  Heitberger,  butcher 

John  Helm's   child 

Jacob   Heiberger's  child 

Geoige  Heiberger's  fon 

John  Heiberger,   baker 

Roger  Heffernan 

Jolin  HefFernan,  fchool-mafter 

William  Heifzer,  painter 

Widow  Heil 

John    Heil's  child 

Anna  Maria  Heintzen 

John   Heifer,  hatter 

Francis  Helfi  ick's  wife  &  child 

Elizabeth  Held 

Peter   Helt's  wife 

Catharine  Hem 

James  Hendrick,  fen.  cutler 

James  Henderfon's  wife 

Redmond  Henderfon 

Thomas  Henderfon's  child 

Mary  Henderfon 

Ann  Hendrick 

Willi  el  mina  Hedrkk,  and  foa 

fervants 
Elizabeth  Hedrick 
Martha  Hemphill 
John  Henna 
Patrick  Hennabody,  coach-m*- 

ker,  v/ife  and  daughter 
John  Henan's  child 
Michael  Hennafcy 
John  Henigel,  baker 
John  Henry,  jeweller 
Margaret  Henry 
Chriitopher  Henfner's  dangh. 
Wife  of  Henry  Henfon,  brufh- 

maker 
Michael  Hcnfzey 
Geoige  Hercules,  a  negro 


(     *39     ) 


William  Hercules,  fhoemaker 
Klizabeth  Herleman 
George  Herman,  baker 
George   Herlemin 
William  Herman's  wife 
William  Hertzog,  labourer 
Chriftopher  Herrely,  labourer 
John  Herrill 
Wife  of  Nicholas  Heft,  black- 

fmith 
George  Hefs's  lifter 
Ifaac  Heft  on 
■ — -  Hetnick,  baker 
Ifrael  Hewlings,  fhoemaker 
Jofeph    Hewlings,  bricklayer 
Henry  Hewnies,  copper  fmith 
John   Hufon,  failor 
Mrs.  Hewit 
Andrew  Hews 
John   Heyberger,  jun. 
Mary  Heyberger 
John  Heyburn 
Andrew   Heyd's  fon 
Benja.   Hickman's  wife  &  fon 
David   Hickman,   clerk 
Jofeph  Hicks,  gluemaker 
John  Hicks 
Richard    Hicks 
John  Hierfon,  hatter 
William  Hickert's  wife 
John  Jacob  Hiertman,  malfter 
Angel  Higgenbottom 
William  Higgenbottom 
Jofeph  Kiggins 
Alary  High t fon 
Sufannah  Higgin,  widow 
Martin  Hilderburn,  fieve-maker 
Wife  of  George  Hill,  clerk 
Robert  Hill 

Wife  of  Jacob  Hill,  fifherman 
James  Hill,  bricklayer 
James    Hill,  clerk 
John   Hill,  chair-maker 
Johannah   Hill,  jun. 
John  Hill's  daughter 
Samuel  Hill,  Ir. 
James   Hillman,  apprentice 
Jacob  Hillman,  blackfmith 
Catharine   Hillner 
Jacob  Hilftnger,   labourer 
William  Hiltzheiaier 
Mary  Hiiian 


George  Hinckel,  watchmatt 

John  Hinckcl's  fon 

ChriftopV  Hineman's  daughter 

Jane  Hiltridge 

George  Hinton,  cutler 

Mrs.  Hirft 

Mary   Hirrine 

George  Hiftiatters 

Samuel  Hampton's  ibn 

Henry  Haare,  cardmaker 

John  Hobfon,  fievemaker 

Barbara  Hackenfoffe 

John  Hockley,  ironmonger 

Elizabeth  Hobfon 

Jeffrey  Hadnet,  fadler,  and  fan 

Chriftopher  Hocknoblc 

Catharine  Hoff 

Catharine  Hoffman 

Regina  Hoffman 

Ifaac  Hwftman,  failor 

Henry  Hoffman,  baker 

Sufanna  Hoffman 

Jacob  .  Hoffner, .  fchoolmaficSy 

Germ, 
Philip  Hofner,  carter 
Michael  Hoft's  fon 
Edward  Hogan's  two  children 
Dr.  Hodge's  child 
Andrew  Hodge's  child 
Jofeph  Hogg,    carpenter,    «sf 

New-Jerfey 
Anna  Catharina  Hefflein 
Jacob  Holberftadt,  labourer 
Charles  Hold,  hatter 
Benjamin  Hohlen,  mafon 
Charles  Holden 

Wm.  Holdernefle's  foaThamas 
Samuel  Holgate 
William  Holklow 
Barbara  Hollard,  widow 
Philip  Hollard,  cooper 
John  Holmes,  farmer 
Sarah  Holmes,  widow 
Sarah 

Thomas  Holmes's  wife 
Mofes  Homberg,  innkeeper 
George  Honigs 
William  Honck,  wife  and  chil^ 

turner 
Chriftopher  Honey 
John  Honecker  and  wife 


C     *40     ) 


George    Honiker's    wife  and 
child 

Jofeph  Holrcn 

ft  tart  ha  Holton 

Sarah  Honor,  widow 

George  Hoochey 

Sarah  Hoop 

John  Hoover's  wife 

Andrew  Hope,  jun. 

William  Hope,  tinman 

John  Hopkins,  jun.  filver-fmith 

John  Hopkins's  wife 

Jofeph  Hopkins,  hatter,  of  Vir- 
ginia 

Mary  Hopkins 

Mary  Hopkins,  a  fervant 

Richard  Hopkins 

Thomas  Hopkins,    fh'p-joiner 

Jofeph  Hopper,  joiner 

Ludwick  Hopler 

Chriftian  Hopfal, labourer 

Hen.ry  Hore 

Heniy    Home,    fchoolmafter, 
ant  three  children 

Mary  Home,  Germ. 

Eliz.  Hornor,  daughter  of  Ben- 
jamin 

Mary  Horndrher 

Philip  Herflepaugh, Shoemaker, 
Wio'chefter 

William  Hotts 

Azariah  Horton 

Caleb  Hoflcins,   of  Burlington 

Benjamin  Houlton 

Anthony   Hotman 

John  Ho  in  tan 

Winnefred  Houghey's  child 

Catharine  Houfe,  Germ. 

Elizabeth  Hmichen 

Ahby  Houfeman 

Jacob  Honfenian,  carpenter 

jofeph  Houts,  hair-dreffer 

William  Hontfon,  weaver 

John  Hover's  v/ife 

Mr.  Howard 

John    Howard,    paper-maker, 
Eng. 

Thomas  Howe,  rope-maker 

Jacob  R.  Howell,  notary  public 

Jacob  S.  Howell 

Jfaac  Howell's  wife  Patience 
Mr.  Howell 


Catharine  Howfty 

Adam   Hubley,  vendue-m after 

John  Huber's  child 

William  Hudfon,  wool-comber 

Peter  Hudfon 

Jofeph  Hudell's  wife  Sarah 

Benjamin  Huggins 

E His  Hughes,  whitesmith 

Caleb  Hughes's  child  and  two 
apprentices 

Garret  Hughes  and  wife 

John,  fon  of  Hugh  Henry 

Henry  Hughes 

George  Hughes's  child 

William  Hughes,  breechefma- 
ker,  Scotland 

Frederic  Huler,  failor's  wife 

Diana  Hulford 

Abraham  Hidings'  wife 

Oliver  C.  Hull,  apothecary 

"fofhua  Humphreys,  JEt.  86 

Hannah  Humphreys,  daughter 
of  do. 

John  Humphreys's  child 

Richard  Humphreys,  storekee- 
per 

Gabriel  Humphreys's  child 

James  Hunt,  clerk 

William  Hunt,  tailor 

Ann  Hunter's  child 

John  Hunter,  carpenter 

William  Hnnter,  tavern-keeper 
and  child 

John  Hunter's  daughter 

JohnHufey 

Charles  Hunfman 

Mr.  HulHck's  child 

Elizabeth  Hufton,  feamftrefs 

JohnHndon,  print  cutter,  Eng- 

James    Hutchinlcn,  phySician, 
his  child  and  apprentice 

George  Hutamn,  hair-drefTer 

Rebecca  Hutman,  a  child 
John  Hurey 
Mary  Hynin 

William  Hyfer,  painter,  Germ; 

Maria  Hyfon,  Germ. 

Peter  llett 

John  Infell's  daughter  Mary 

. . Inghs,  iboreeper 

.  John  Ingles,  merchant,  of  York- 
shire 


(     141     ) 


Wife  of  Jofeph  Inglis,  carter 

John  Inkfon,    apprentice 

Jofeph  Irvine 

Oliver  Irvine,  hatter 

Jacob  Irwin 

Airs.    Irwin 

Sarah   Irwin 

James  Ifkin 

Robert  Jacks,  fchool  matter 

Robert  Jacks,  fhoemaker 

David  Jackfon 

Diana  Jackfon's  child 

Jackfon 

James  Jackfon 

John  Jackfon,  drayman 

Jofeph  Jackfon's  child 

Mifs jackfon 

Thomas  Jackfon 

Wid.  Jackfon,  of  Wilmington 

George  Jacob's  wife 

George  Jacobs,  blackfmith 

John  Jacobs,  porter 

John  Jacobs,  painter 

Nicholas  Jacobs's  fon 

Jacob,  a  blackman 

James,  a  blackman 

Jacob  James 

Margaret  James,  a  child 

Martha  James 

Jamefon,   labourer 

Edward  Jamifon 

Helena  Jamifon 

John  Jamifon,  cooper 

Matthew  Jamifon 

Win,  Jamifon,  carpenter 

William  Jamifon,  tailor 

William  Jamifon's  child 

Jane  ■,  a  black  woman 

Doctor  Janus's  daughter 

Martha  Jafon,  fpinfter 

John  Jarman  jun. 

John  Jauck,  brufhmaker 

F.  Laurejai,   Fr. 

William  JefFry  ' 

John  Jenkins's  fon  Samuel 

Jacob  Jennings,  flore-keeper 

John   Jenny,  fhip-carpenter 

Elizabeth  Jobards,  widow 

John  Jobb,  painter 

Jofeph  Jobb,  (locking- weaver 

John  Jobline 

Hannah  Jodon 


Peter  Jodon 

■  {ohnfon's  wife,  &  child 

Catharine  Johnfon's  child 

James  Johnfon 

Jonas  Johnfon,  tavern-keeper 

Mary  Johnfon,   fervant 

Samuel  Johnfon,  printer 

Sufannah  Johnfon 

Robert    Johnfon,  phyfician 

Robert  Johnfon,   flioemaker 

William  Johnfon,  joiner 

Barney  Johnfon 

Francis  Johnfon 

John  Johnfon 

Margaret  Johnfon,  widow 

Mary  Johnfon,  widow 

Robert  Johnfon,  baker 

Samuel  Johnfon,  painter 

Ann  Jones 

Charles  Jones,  conveyancer 

Daniel  Jones 

Elizabeth  Jones 

Child  of  Ely  Jones,  ci 

Stelena  Jones,  Hay-maker 

Gecge   Jones,  blackfrniui 

Jane   Jones,  ir.  an  aia-  maker 

Josb    {ones,  tailor 

John  Jones's  wife 

Mary   Jones,   widow 

Mary  Jones's  fon 

Matthew  Jones's  daughter 

Owen  Joi-cs,  fen.  JEt.  82 

Patience  Jones 

Rebecca  Jcnes,    keeper  of   a 

lodging-  houfe 
Rowland  Jones,  clerk 
Ruth  Joins 
Sarah  Jones,  widovr 
Widow  Jones's  daughter 
William  Jones,  merchant 
William   Jones,  labourer,  and 

wife 
Hannah  Jordan,  Ir. 
Henry  Jordan's  wife 
James  Jordan,  chairmaker 
Samuel  Jordan,  turner 
Jofeph,  a  blackman 
George  Joft 

John  Jourdan,  coaehmass 
Jude,  a  blackwoman 
Jacob  Judah 


(     '4J     ) 


Jadittr,  a  black  «oman 

Juliana,  s.  mulatto 

Cornelia  Julio 

Catharine  Jung 

Jacob  June's  daughter 

I>aviu  juitice,  apprentice 

John  JufHce's  child 

William  M.  Juftice,  printer 

Jofeph  Kaenerle 
facob  Kales,  labourer 
John  Kalkbremr's  wife 

Godfrey  Karris,  fhoemaker 

Jacob  Kates,  labourer 

Elizabeth  Knrten,  Carlifle 

Catharine  Katiz 

Elizabeth  Katt::  and  two  chil- 
dren 

Tolui  Kattz's  wife 

Ifaac  Kattz's  wife 

Michael  Kattz's  child 

Mary  K3in 

Jacob  Hatifnnan's  ion 

John  Kean'i  two  children 

jofeph  Kean'scliild 

Hugh  K can's  child 

Mary  Kean 

Matthew  K can's  daughter 

Elizabeth  Kern  and  child 

John  Keen's  child 

Jofeph  Keen 

Mary  Keen 

Sufannah  Keigen 

Elizabeth  Keli 

Tames  Kellenan 

George  Keily,  harnefs- maker 

Mrs.  Kelly 

Chriftopiier  Kellman  and  wife 

fofeph  Kernel's  fon 

JTenry  Kemp 

William  Kemp 

Martha  Kemphill,  fervant 

, Kenny 

Mrs.  Keppele 

John  Keppler.  fhoemaker 

William  Kenned} ,  labourer 

John  Kennon 

Cafper,    Peter  and    Catharine 
Kenfingei" 

Thomas  Kenrick,  ftore-keeper 

Elizabeth  Kenton 

John  Kerbeck 

William  Kerls,  porter 


Adam  Kerr's  wide w 

Andrew  Kerr,  labourer 

James  Kerr's  widow 

Prude  Kerr 

Abigail  Kefler 

Jacob  Kcfler's  wife 

John  Kefsler,  hair-dreCer 

Leonard  Kefsler 

Michael  Kefsler,  {hip-joiner 

Lucy  K earing 

Christian  Kevfer,  blackfmith 

Daniel  Kevfer,  labourer 

Jofeph  Key  fer,  grocer 

Tacob  Kitchlien,  butcher 

George  Kichn's daughter 

Chriftian  Kiegler 

Thomas  Kildrick 

John  Killgour 

George  Killinger 

Peter  Killinger 

Philip  Killinger,   carpenter 

Richard  Killparrick 
, Caleb  Kimber,  fchoolmailer 

Aaron  Kimber,  fon  of  do. 

Jacob  Ki  viiely 

Wife  of  Cafper  Kinck,  fhoema- 
ker 

Catharine  King 

Charles  King 

Eliz-.'.betb  King,  widow 

King 

George  King,  coach-painter 

Hugh  King's  two  children 

John  King  and  child 

Mary  King 

Jofeph  Kingflec}' 

Margaret  Kingfl 

Ann  Kinley 

Jofeph  Kinnear's  child 

Chriltopher  Kinnefs,  tailor 

Cliriitopher  Kinns,  labourer 

George  Kinfinger  and  wifs 

Hanah  Kinfiuger 

. Kipfey,  furrier 

Mrs.  Kirk  and  child 

John  Kirk,  a  lad 

Thomas  Kirk,  baker 

Catharine  Kite 

Elizabeth  Kite 

Jonathan     Kite,    chair-maker 
T/if'e  and  three  children 


(     «43 


) 


Cafper  Kitts 

Jacob  Kitts,   chandler,  Con  and 

courln 
JMrs.  Kitts 
Catharine  Xlady 
Margaret  Klady 
Widow  klepper 
Chrirtian  Klibne,  weaver  and 

child 
Andrew  Kline's  wife 
John  Kline,  labourer 
Nicholas  Klingelcr,  ccoper 
Mary  Klingle 

Charles  Knight,  bifcuit-baker 
Hannah  Knight 
John  Knight,  tailor 
John  Knight,  Tailor 
Sarah  Knight 
Daniel  Rnodle 
Elizabeth  Knows,  fervant 
Mary  Knows 
Adam  Knox 
Richard  Knox's  child 
Mary  Kuan 
George    K°ck,    labourer,  his 

wife  Catharine  and  Ibn 
John  Kock 
Widow  Kock 
Jofeph  Kock 
Widow  Koenner 
-George  Kor's  child 
Peter  Krafter  and  daughter 
Chriftop'r  K'"e}'der,  tobaccomft 
Wife  of  George  Kribbs,   lhoe- 

maker 
Snfannah  Ki'ibner,  -"Et.  70 
John  Kriefle,  cooper 
[ohn  Kroll,  hair-drefler 
Joachim  Krenaver,  labourer 
Henry  Kr0tto's  child 
•Catharine      rotten 
Barbara  Krunkofter 
Abraljam  Krup,carpenter 
John  Kruteer 
James  Kubber 

Chriftop'r  Kucher,  fugar-baker 
Philip  Kucher,  his  ion 
Bernard  KurRer 
Wife  of  Frederick  Knhl 
George  Kuhn's.wife 
Jacob  Kuhn's  wife 
j  ohn  Kuhifs  fon 
LudwigKuhn,  clerk 


Widow  Kulm 

Jacob  K uncle's  fotl 

Martin  Kernotler 

George  Kurtz 

Daniel  Kuren,  labourer 

John  Lack's  daughter 

Lrotitia 

Daniel  LafFefty  and  child,  Ir. 

Matthew  Latfevty's  child 

John    Lambfback,  labourer 

I Lam  moron's  child 

Arch.  Lament's  wife,  and  chil- 
dren 

Mrs.  Lamont,  child,  and  jour- 
neyman 

Elizabeth  Lancaster 

Wife  and  child  of  Jofeph  Lan- 
cafler,  labourer,  Eug. 

Jofeph  Land  re,  labourer 

Margaret  Landrefs 

Kancy  Lane 

Mrs.  Lane 

Margaret  Lang 

Edward  Lauoraan 

Hufon  Langftroth,  paper- maker 

Jacob  Lantefhlag 

Andrew  Lappand  wife 

Laurence  Lapp,  baker 

Michael  Lapp,  baker,  and  wife 

James  Lapfley,  ftevvard  to  the 
Briti(h  ambafi'ulor 

— -  Lapllcy's  wife  &  daughter 

-Lapfley,  (koemaker 

James  Lapfley,  fchoolmafter, 
and  daughter  Elizabeth 

I'atiick  Larkcn,  clerk 

Ralph  Larremoi^s  wife 

Mary  Lafher 

Patrick  Lafky 

Frederic  Lunderbruos,  furgeon- 
barber 

Jacob  Loutermairs  wife  and 
two  fons 

George  Lautinftilagpr"*  filler 

Jacob  Lauderfliver,  (hoemaker 

"Margaret  Lauderfliver 

Frederic  Lauman 

Aaron  S.  Laurence,  clerk,  and 
•wife 

Alexander  Lawrence,  fen.  mer- 
chant 

Alexander  La\vrence,jun.  mer- 
chant 


(     144    ) 


Archibald  Lawrence's  child 

Charles  Lawrence 

Cherry  Lawrence's  wife 

Cliriilopher  Lawrence 

Jacob  Lawrence's  two  children 

John  Lawrence's  wife 

Jofeph  Laurence,  apprentice 

Rachel  Lawrence 

Sarah  Lawrence 

Thomas  Lea,  merchant 

J.  T.  Lea,  fon  of  do. 

Thomas  Leach,  cabinet-maker 

Margaret  Leake, man  tua-maker 

Widow  Lear's  child 

John  Lebering's  wife 

Paul  Leek,  labourer 

Francis  J.  Lector 

Ann  Lee 

George  Lee,  apprentice 

Jofeph  Lee,  wife,  and  fon  Geo. 

Mary  Lee 

Thomas,  fon  of  Duncan  Leech 

George  Lees,  tailor,  wife,  three 
children,  and  two  other  per- 
fons  (names  unknown) 

John  Lees,  tailor 

Margaret  Lees 

Jofeph  Le  Feore 

William  Lehman's  wife 

Doctor  John  Leibert,  junior 

Mic.  Leibrand,  breeches- maker 

Mathias  Leigh,  labourer 

Michael   Leigh 

Robert  Leigh 

John  Leighy's  child 

Andrew  Leinaw,  fadler 

Samuel  Leller 

James  Lenox,  apprentice 

Abner  Leonard 

Sarah  Leonard 

Francis  Lefher,    coach-maker 

Francis  Le/her,  tavern-keeper 
and  fervant  girl 

Philip  Leftier's  wife 

Letzinger's  wife 

George   Letzinger's  wife 

Andrew  Letton,   fhoemaker 

John   Letton 

Mofes  Levy's  girl 

Thomas  Levy's  wife 

■  Lewis's  child 

Catharine  Lewis 


Jonathan,  fon  of  MordecaiLew. 

is,  merchant 
Ifaac  Lewis,  tailor  and  wife 
Lydia  Lewis,   widow 
Maria  Lewis,   mulatto 
Mary  Lewis 
Michael  Lewis's  fon 
William   Lewis,  hairdrefler 
George  Lex,  butcher 
Jacob  Lex's  child 
Widow  Leybrandt 
Chriftian  Lickett 
Robert  Lidler 
Feter  Ligert 
Samuel   Lilly,  failor 
John   Limeburner's  child 
Mary  Lindall 
Ruth  Lindill 
Thomas  Lindall,  carter 
Elizabeth  Lindfay 
Helter  Lindfay 
Mary  Lindfay 
Sufannah  Lindfay 
Philip  Linion,  bottler 
George  Linkinfon,  labourer 
Elizabeth  Linkfelt 
Margaret  Linn,   Scotland 
Neal   Linn 

William   Linnar,  porter 
Wm.  Linton,  wife  and  lifter 
Widow  Lintz 
Hannah  Lifburn,  widow 

Mifs Lifter 

James  Lefper 

Jofeph  Lifpar 

Catharine  Lift 

William  Lethworth's  child 

Jolm  Littman,  fon,  &  daughter 

Catharine  Lloyd 

Daniel   Lloyd,  apprentice 

William   Lloyd 

Wood  Lloyd,  tilor 

Mary   Lobdell 

Samuel  Lobdell,  carpenter 

John  Lob's  child 

Elizabeth  Locke,  widow* 

Locftler's  wife 

John  Loh,  and  daughter 
William    Lobtnan,  rope-maker 
Wife  of  Peter  Lohra,  broker 
Ralph  Loimc ,  failor 
Patrick  Lollar's  boy 


(      '45     ) 


Herman  Jos.  Lombaert,   mer. 
Frederic  Long 
John   Lftng,  labourer,  &  Toil 
Richard   Long,  apprentice 
William  Long,  joiner 
Joi'eph  Lopez,  fervant  to  the 

Spaniih.  ambaflador 
Hannah  Lorton,  fervant 
Abraham    Lott,   merchant 

Louis,  Fr. 

Elizabeth  Lovett 

George  Lovett's  fon 

John  Lowden,  ferryman 

Rebecca  Lowden 

Thomas  Lowden 's  wife 

James  Lowne 

Edward   Lowder 

Sarah   Lowder 

William   Lowman 

Agne%  Lownes 

Ed.  Lowry,  labourer,  &  wife 

Hefter  Lucas 

Chriftopher    Luckarts,  carter, 

and   wife 
John  Martin  Ludwig,  butcher 
Thomas  Ludwig 
Robert  Lumfden,  corder 
George  Luntz's  daughter 
Lewis  II.  Lunng,  wife,  L  child 
Widow  Luring 
Jacob  Lufely,    labourer 
Elizabeth  Luihinger 
William  Lufhworm,  labourer 
Catharine  Lutz,  Germ. 
Chriftian  Lutz's  child 
Ann   Lyland 

Benjamin   Lyndall's  child 
John  Lynn,  phyfician,  of  New 

England 
Mary    Lynn 

Mrs. Lynn 

Mary  Lyons 

Michael  Lyons,   fail  or 

Philip  Maad,  labourer 

Jacob   Macker's  child 

Peter  Mack's  wife 

John   Maidlcaw 

"Daniel   M'Allifter 

James  M'Allifter,  labourer 

Alexander  MfAlpin,  carpenter 

WaTter  M'Alpiu,  book-binder 

Daniel  M'Arthur's  child 

Elizabeth  M'Bay 

V 


Robert   M'Bay 

John   M'Cabe,  hairdrefier 

Alice   M'Cabin's    wife 

Jenny   M'Call 

Daniel    M'Calla's  child 

John  M'Care 

Archibald  M'Cirey 

William  M'Carty,  foapboiler 

David  M'Crea 

James  M'Clalkie 

Widow  M'Clatchee's  2  children; 

John  M'Clelund 

John  M'Cleuane 

Andrew  M'Clure 

Daniel  M'Clia,  rope-make* 

Alexander  M'Cord 

Eugenia  M'Cordy 

Cornelius   M'Cormick 

Margaret,   daughter  of  Henry 

M'Cormick 
Thomas  M'Cormick,  merchant 
Archibald  M'Cowen 
John  M'Coy 
Ann  Coy 

Jonathan  M'Cready 
John  M'Cready 
James  M'Creary 
Margaret  M'Crever 
Catharine  M'Crofkie 
Eleanor  M'Cro/kie,  widow 
Elizabeth  M'Cullen 
Sarah  M'Curdy 
Deborah  M'Curtain 
Thomas    M'Cnrtain,    fchooL; 

m after,  and  wife 
James  M'Cutcheon 
Daniel  M'  Daniel 
James  M'Daniel,  fhcemaker 
Daniel  M'Darrel,  aged  So 
Martin  M'Dermot,  grocer 
Ann  M'Donald,  a  child 
Alexander  M'Donald,  labourer^ 
Child   of  Donald  M'Donald, 

painter 
Elizabeth  M'Donald 
James  M'Donald,  ihoemaker 
John  M'Donald,  labourer 
John  M'Donald 's  child 
Mary  M'Donald 
William  M'Donald, hatter 
Hugh  M'Dougal,  labourer 
William  M'Dougal,  tobacconii^ 
Mrs,  M'Dowel 


(     146     ) 


Wm.  M' Dowel,  tavern-keeper 

Wm.  M' Dowel 

Edw.  M'Echau,  bricklayer,  Ir. 

Wm.  M'Elvee,  labourer 

John  M'Ewing,  itone-cutter 

Enos  M'Faden,  labourer 

James  M'Faden's  wife 

Mary  M'Faden 

Ann  M'Farben 

Peter  M'Garvey  ami  wife 

Edward  M'Gechan 

Helen  M'GecV.an  and  child 

Margaret  M'Gechan 

Mary  M'Gee 

Edward  M'Gill,  drayman 

Mary  M'Gill, 

Wm.  M'Gill,  fchocl-mafter 

Ann  M'Ginley,  houfewit'e 

Philip  M'Ginnes's  wife 

JohnM'Glathery.ayoung  man 

Wm.  M'Glochlin 

T nomas  ';-.  1 '  G ol dri ck 

John  M'Gpnris's  child 

John  M'Gowan 

Jofeph  ivi'Gowan,  carpenter 

Win.   M'Gowan 

Barney  M'Gran,  labourer 

Daniel  M'Grath,  porter 

John  MrG?ath 

Mich.  M'Grath 

James  M'Graw 

Johu  M'Graw,  failor 

Barney  M'Green 

_ -  MGriejde 

Ann  M'Gregor 

John  M'Gregor's  child 

Nancy  M'Grotty 

James  M'Gnillen 

Jaaies  M'Guire 

Mary  M'Guive,  widotv 

Peter  M'Guire 

William  M;Guire 

John  M'Hagan 

John  M'Hlroy 

Andrew  M'lntire,  joiner 

Elizabeth  M'lntcfli 

Laiighlin  M'Intofh 

Edward  M'Kegan 

.,     .    ■  M'Kegan,  bricklayer 

Anthony  M'Kennely 

Elizabeth  M'Kenzie 

Mary  M'Kenzie,  houfewife 

Murdock  M'Kenzie 

Jol  n  M'Keon 


William  M'Key,  apprentice- 

Daniel  M<  ee,  failor 

Margaret  M'Kigham    , 

Ifaac  M'Khiby 

Hugh  M'Kinley 

Mrs.  M<K"dey 

Ifaac  M'Kinley,  hatter 

John  M'Knall 

Alexander  M'Lane 

Daniel  M'Lane 

Jane  M'Lane 

M'Lane,  a  {tranger 

John   M' Lane's  wife  and  two 

children 
Pvoger  M'Lane 
William  M'Lane,  failor 
Ann  M'Laughlin 
Giles  M'Laughlin 
John  M'Laughlin 
John  M'Laughlin's  wife 
John  M'Laughlin,  merchant 
Margaret,   M'Laughlin    and 

child 
Patrick  M'Laughlin's  fon 
William  M'Laughlin,  labourer 
Win.  M'Laughlin,  fhoemaker 
Agnes  M-Lean 

Elizabeth  M'Lane 

Jane  M'Lean 

John  M'Lean,  infpecftor 

Jofeph M'Lean,  tailor 

Martin  M'Lean 

Samuel  M'Lean,  fhipwrigbt 

Archibald  M'Leary,  labourer 

Jofeph  M'Lee 

Mary  M'Lenaban 

Angus  M-Leod's child 

Daniel  M'Leod's  wife 

Pougal  M'Leod,  labourer 

John  M'Leod 

Malcolm  M'Leod,  labourer 

Mary  M'Leod 

William  M'Leod  and  daughter 

Mary  M'Linny 

Hugh  M'Mann 

Philip  M'Mnnnus,  blackfinith 

James    M'Manyman,    nailor, 
and  wife 

Mary  M'  Many  man 

John  M'Manyman 

Joleph  M'Matlock,  carpenter 

Mary  M'Michael,  widefcv 

Catharine  M'Mullen 

■  Jsjeil  M'Mullen 


C  H7 


Francis  M'Murren 

J»Jm  M'Nab,  fliipwright 

John  M'Nair,  clerk 

James  M'Namara 

Gordon  M'Neal,  Tailor 

John  M'Neal,  tailor 

Mary  M'Neal 

John  M'Near,  apprentice 

Felix  M' Quid's  wife 

Tames  M'QaiUdn,  labourer 

Sarah  M'Rain 

Mil  by  M'llaper 

Hugh  M-Swaine  and  wife 

James  Mabey 

* Mack,  labourer 

Sarah   Mack 

Elizabeth  Madau 

John  Madan,  fhoemaker 

Patrick  Madan's  wife 

Leonard  Madelen 

Benjamin  Mager,  apprentice 

Helena  Magenis 

David  Magner,  carpenter 

Micliael  Magraw,  fervant 

Francis  Major, 

John  Maitland 

John    Maloney 

Catharine,  widow  of  capt.  John 

Mblowney 
John  Mannefield,  joiner 
Mary  Mannetield 
Mrs.  Mann   - 
"William  Mann,  tailor 
Charles  Manfon 
Peter  Marclay,  cooper 
Snfannah  Mareday,  widow 
Philip  Maryland 
Francis  Marey 
Laurence  Marev,  perfumer 
John  Baptiile  Maris 
John  Mark,  fhopkeeper 
Peter  Marker,  butcher 
John  Maronee,  apprentice 
Capt..  James  Marfh  and  brother 
Curtis  Marfhal 
Francis  Marfhall,  bricklayer 
Jofeph  Marlhall,  fhoemaker 
Jofeph  Marfou 
Philip  Marfan 
James  Martin's  fon 
John  Martin,  faddler 
John  Martin's  fon 
Sarah  Martin,  fervant 
Jndah  Mafara 
f     Thomas  Mafara 


Abraham  C.  Mafbn,  mercli^jt 

Arabella  Mafbn 

John   Mafbn 

jofkua  Mafon,  blackfmith 

Margaret  Mafon,  ^Et'.  80 

Richard  Mafon,  engine-maker 

Mafs 

Samuel  Maney 

Anne  Maftett 

J.  Mafters's  wife  and  3  children 

John  Maufe's  wife  and  child 

Ed.  Mathias,  wife,  &  daughter 

Elizabeth  Maxfield 

John   Maxfield,  labourer 

Stephen   Maxfield's  wife 

Margaret  Maxwell 

Adatn  May's  child 

Capt.  Mead's  wife  &:  daughter 

Matthias  Meeker,  clerk 
Gorlieb  Meineke,  labourer 
John    Meminger 
Godieb  Menigimg,  rope-maker 

John  Mentz,  a  irul 

Ludwig  Meo,  of  Amflerdam 

Mary  Mercer,  widow 

Jofeph  Mercirr,  and  wife  Ann. 

John  Merck,   flove-keeper 

Peter  Merchel,  butcher 
Evan  Meredith's  wife  Sufannah 
Samuel   Merian,  merchant 
Jof.  Merfon,  bridle-bit-cutter 
Peter  Merlon 
Miles  Merviu,  fchool-mauer,  & 

wife 
John  Mefner's  wife 
Barbara   Mettelbury 
Adam  Meyers's  daughter 
Kenry   Meyers's  apprentice 
John  Meyers's  child 
Peter  Meyer,  carter,  and  wife 
Sebaftian    Meyer,  baker 
Thomas  Meyer's  wife,  &  o'aug. 
Peter  Miercken,  fugar-re.'iner, 

. Miers,  wife  and  feivanc 

Sarah  Middleton,  fen.  wiiiow 
Sarah  Middleton,  jun.  fpinltcr 
Sarah   Mifllin  7  clulden  of 
Hefter  Mifflin  5      Charles 
Thomas  Miller's  fon  jofeph 
Ancjj-eas   Miller's  child 
Anne    Miller 
Arthur  Miller's  child 
Catharine   Miller,  widow 
Charles  Miller 
Chriftian  Miller,  porter 


(    I4») 


Chrifto.  Miller,  brufh-maker 

Dorothy   Miller 

George  Miller,  labourer 

Hannah  Miller 

Henry   Miller 

James  MiBer's  wife  and  two 

children 
John  Miller  and  child 
taptain  John  Miller'sAvjdow 
John  Miller,  carpenter 
John  Miller,  carter 
John  Miller,   cleric 
John   Miller,  labourer 
Ifiac  Miller,  merchant 
Margaret  Miller 
Mary  Miller 

Michael  Miller,  fen.  (hoemaker 
Michael    Miller's  daughter 
Richard  Miller,  ftudentof  law 
Sufannah  Miller 
Widow  Miller 
William  Miller,  m.oe-maker 
Wife  and  child  of  Mr,  Miller, 

rigger 
Mary  Millmgton 
Philip  MiHigan's  wife 
Elizabeth  Mills 
Thomas  Mills 
Walter  Mills,  {hoemaker 
Edward  Milner's  wife  &  fervant 
Chriitian  Minehart,  fugar-baker 
William  Miner,  fervant 
William  Minor 
Charles  Minder,  labourer 
John  Mintz 
Elizabeth  Mifcamp 
Elizabeth  Mitchell 

i.icob  Mitchell's  cliild 
lary  Mitchell 
Mary  Mittrnton 
Veronia  Mittmart 
Jacob  Mirwan,  and  ;  children 
William  Modick's   child 
James   Moffat,  tailor 
Rebecca  Moffat 
Rob't  Moffat,  waterman,  wife 

and  child 
Catharine  Molliner 
George   Moir 

James  MoHineux,  and  daugh. 
[ohn  Mollineux's  z  children 
Francis   Monday 
John  Monday 
Mary  Monday 


Elizabeth  Montgomery 
Child  of  John    Montgomery, 

weaver 
John  Montgomery's  ;  children 
Dorothy  Mood 
Robert  Moody,  bricklayer 
Mary  Mooney 
Ann  Moore 
Caroline,  daughter  of  Thomas 

L.  Moore 
David  Moore 

Fanny  Moore,  fervant,  Germ 
George  Moore 
Major  James  Moore,  livery-fta- 

ble-keeper 
Jane  Moore 

John  Moore,  painter,  and  child 
Samuel  Moore,  blackfmith 
Thomas  Moore's  child 
Widow  Moore 

Wm.  Moore  and  two  children 
John  Moore 

Jofeph  Mordeck,  labourer 
Kleanor  Morgan,  wafherwoman 

Hannah  Morgan 

Jacob  Morgan,  merchant 

John  Morgan,  jun. 

John  Morgan's  child 

Mary  Morgan 

Robert  Morphet 

Ann  Morris 

Anthony  P.  Morris,  china-mer- 
chant 

Brooke  Morris 

George  Morris,  gardener 

John  Morris,  clerk 

John    Morris,    phyfician,    and 
wife 

John  Morris's  child 

Luke   Morris  -Et.  87 

Martha  Morris 

Mary  Morris 

Richard  B.  Morris 

Samuel  W.  Morris,  apprentice 

Samuel  Morris,  cooper 

William  Morris 

Alexander  Morifon,Uorekeepcr 

John  Morrifon,  copper-ninth 

Wife  and  child  of  John  Morri- 
fon, labourer 

John  Morrifon's  daughter 

lfabella  Morrifon 

Mary  Morrifon's  child 

— —  Morrifon,  labourer,  Scotl, 


(     *49     ) 


Widow  Morrifon's  child 

William  Morrilon 

John  Morrow,  jun.  gunfmith 

Mrs.  Morrow 

Rofina  Morrow 

Alexander  Mortimer,  gardener 

Deborah  Morton 

John  Morton  and  apprentice 

Chriftian  Mofer 

Mary  Mo(s 

Marquis  Monbrun 

Philip  Mountrce,,  brewer 

Wife  of  Nicholas  Muff,  harnefs- 
maker 

Ann  Mullen,  mantiia-maker 

Catharine  Mullen 

Edward  Mullen 

James  Mullen,  hatter 

James  Mullen's  wife 

John  Mullen,  chairmaker 

Mary  Mullen 

Michael  Mullen's  two  children 

Patrick  Mullen 

Robert  Mullen,  houfe-carpen- 
ter,  and  apprentice 

James  Mullencr,  apprentice 

Edmund  Mullery,  grocer 

James  Mnmford,  blackfmith 

Ala]  or  Henry  Mum  ford 

Rachel  Mum  ford 

Child  of  Robert  Murdoch,  la- 
bourer 

Sarah  Murdoch 

—  Murley 

Ann  Murphy 

John  Murphy,  Hack-fmith 

Mary  Murphy 

Michael  Murphy's  daughter 

Richard  Murphy 

Sufannah  Murphy 

Thnothy  Murphy 

Margaret  Murthwaite 

Mary  Murthwaite 

Rev.  Alexander  Murray,  D.  D. 

Eleanor  Murray 

James  Murray,  ihoemaker,    Ir. 

Robert  Murray's  wife  and -child 

Sarah  Murray 

William  Murray 

Mrs. MuikettS 

Rebecca  Mirfgrove,  a  ftranger 

Widow  Muftcrholt 

Adam  Myers,   baker 

Catharine  Myers 


Hannah  Myers,  ftrvant 

Margaret  Myers 

Henry  Myers,  hair-dreiler 

John  Myers's  child 

Margaret  Myers 

Michael  Myers 

Michael  Mynick 

Sophia  Mynick 

Adam  Myon,  labourer 

John   Myrietta 

Jac.  My'tinger,  tavern-keeper, 

and  wife 
Henry  Nagle's  mother-in-law 
Mary  Nagle 
Hannah  NaiJor 
JohnXailor 
Samuel  Napp 
William  Nafh,  baker 
Lewis  Nafs,  blackfmith 

Navarre 

Thomas  Nave's  wife 

Thomas  Near 

Ifiael  Nedham,  Ikinner,  Engl. 

Robert  Neeley,  failor 

Tho.  Neeves,  carpenter,  &  wife 

Margaret  Neil 

Wife  and  girl  of  Andrew  Niel- 

(bn,  tavern-keeper 
George  Niefs,  fnoemaker 
Eenedicr.  Nefmos,  fon,  & daugh, 
Elizabeth  Neman 
Thomas  Nemerfon, 
Timmons  Nevil 
Elizabeth  New 
Anthony  Newingham 
John  Newling,  a  lad 
Elizabeth  Newman 
Fred.  Newman's  wife&  child 
Sufannah  Newman 
Forbes  Newton's  wife 
Margaret  Nibley 
Magnus  Nice,  oyfter-man 
Martha  Nichols,  fpinfter,*£t.  jo 
Wm.  Nichols,  JEt.  73 
Mary  Nichols,  wife  of  ditto 
Win. Nichols,  wheelwright,  and 

wife 
Thomas  Nicholfon,  joiner 
John  Nick 
AuguftusNiel 

Jane,  daughter  of  Wm.  NileS 
Elizabeth  Noble 
Catharine  Nodler 
Anthony  Noll,  ropemakeT 


(    *5^>  ) 


Fred.  Noltetmis,  fchool-mafler 

Cathar.Norley,  wafh-woman 

Jofeph  Norman's  wife 

Wife  of  Adam  Norris,  huckfter 

Abigail  North 

Colonel  North's  wife 

Jofeph  North's  child 

George  Norton's  child 

Saiah  Norton,  fervant 

Sarah  Norro«n,  -widow 

Francis  Nugnc 

Wm.  Nunn 

Chriltiana  Oatenheimer,  Germ. 

Peter  Oatenheimer's  wife,  Ger. 

Phil.Oatenheimer's  wife, Germ. 

Daniel  OfHcy,  anchor-lmith 

Bridget  O 'Bryant,  lr. 

James  O 'Bryant,  carpenter,  lr. 

Dennis  O'Connel 

John  O'Dare 

John  O' Donald 

Mary  O'Donald 

~  O'Dolph,  a  butcher 

Charles  Ojnlen's  wife 

Jofeph  Ogilby's  wife 

Edward  OTIara,  clerk 

Elizabeth  O'Hara,  houfewlfe 

Thomas  O'Hara,  clerk 

Ann  Oiler. 

Cornelius  G'.^eary 

Humphrey  O'Leary 

Henry  O'Niel,  labourer,  lr- 

Catharine  O'Niel 

John  Onger's  wife 

Edward  Orange,  blackfmith 

Michael  O'Rourke's  wife 

Robert  Orr,  lr. 

Wife  of  Nich.Otvvay,  nailorjr. 

John  Ofborn 

Wni.  Ofborn,  fteward  to   the 
Prefident 

Hannah  Ofgood 

Sarah  A.  Otis 

Thomas  Owner,  carpenter 

George  Pack 

Hannah  Packman 

Wife  of  John  Pack  worth,  fhoe- 
maker,  Eog. 

•— ~~*  Page's  child 

William  Paine 

Jacob  Frofiter, -apprentice 

Charles    Palmer,  houfe  car-  ~\ 
penter,  and  his  two  lillei  S,  ' 
viz.    Tacy    Palmer,    and  C  - 
Rebeeca  Palmer  • 


Aaron  Palmer's  child 

Elih'i  Palmer's  wife 

Hannah,  wife  of . Samuel  Palmer 

Penelope  Palmer 

Samuel  Palmer,  fhip-wright 

Thomas  Palmer,  (hipwri  ght 

Thomas  Palmer's  two  chldren 

Sarah  Palling 

Martha  Paliock 

William  Pafham's  wife  Z<  child 

Wm.  Parham,  jun.  carpenter 

John  Park 

Ann  Parker,  fervant 

George  Parker 

John  Parker,  fhoemaker 

John  Parker,  carpenter,  and 
child,  lr. 

Jofeph  Pilmore  Parker 

Mar.  Parker,   tailor,  and   wife 

Wife  of  Samuel  Parker,  brafs- 
founder 

John  Parkhill 

Honera  Parkinfon 

Eleanor  Parks 

James  Park's  wife 

John  Park's  brother 

Mary  Parks 

Wife  of  Matthias  Parks, linen- 
draper 

Edward,  and  Ifaac  Pnrrifn,  jun. 
foiis  oflfeafc  Parrifh,  hatrer 

John  Partkill,  whitcf.uith,  lr. 

Daniel  Parvin 

Catharine  Patch  and  child 

John  Patch 

Andrew  Patterfon,  carpenter 

Edward  Patterfon 

Kiciiard  Patterfc  n 

Sarah  Patterfon 

Samuel  Patterfon's  child 

[as.  Pattifon,  ftndent  of  phyfijj 

Robert  Patten,  bookbinder 

George  Paul,  tailor 

Peter  Paul's  fon 

Robert  Paul's  wife 

Sydney  Paul,  widow 

John  Pea 

fames  Peale's  two  children 

James  Pearce 

John  Pearce 

TofPearfon,  heelmaker,  &  wife 

Widow  of  Wm.  Pearfon 

Sarah  Pearce 

Ann  Peckworth' 

Andrew  Pod dock  and  daughter 


<   '5»    ) 


Tofeph  Peddrrck's  fon 

Mary  Peifter 

Vincent  M.  Pelofi,  merchant 

Samuel  Peniberton  and  child 

Doctor  John  Penington 

Mary  Penington,  a  child 

Alexander  Penman,coachmaker 

Mary  Penny 

John  Pennycook,  apprentice 

Amos  Penquoke 

Phcebe  Penquoite 

Jemima  Penrofe,  fervant 

Hannah  Penton 

llaac  Penton,  farmer,  and  wife 

Samuel  Penn,  baker 

Jofeph  Pennel 

Ann  Pepper 

Mary  Pepper,  layer  out  of  the 

dead 
Foulard  Perdue's daughter 
Mary  Perdue 
Sarah  Perkins 
Mary  Perry's  child 
Um,  Perry 

Perry,  fhoemaker,  Ir, 

Jac.  Peters,  baker,  &  wife  Sarah 

John  Peters,  fen.   bi!cuit-b 

John  Peters,  junior,  ruler 

Philip  Peters,   diftiljer» 

Ruth  Peters 

Thomas  Pew 

Charlotte  Petit 

Edward,  Peyton's  wife 

Stephen  Peyton's  child 

Son  of  John  PheifFer,  cooper 

Wo.  Phager,  tajlar 

Dr.  Fred.   Phiie,    naval-officer 

Jeremiah  Philemon,    barber 

Widow  Ph i lemon 

Andrew  Philips's  child 

Geo.  A.  Pitilipey&  fon,  mei chant 

Philips 

Mrs.     hilips 
philipPhile,     mufician 
John  Phyfick*    porter 
James  Pickering,  ffioemalcer 
James  Pickering,  tailor 
James  Pickering,  (lore-keeper 
Son  of  Timothy  Pickering 
Chriftian  Pierce,  cooper 
James  Pierce,   coach -maker 
John   Pierce,    fhip- carpenter, 
and  wife 


John  Piercers  daughter  Amnt 

— —  Piercy,  potter,  and  fon 

John    Pircy,  apprentice 

Mary  Piercy,  apprentice 

■  ■  Pierre,  2   of  the  fame 

name,  bakers 

Mary  Pieriou 

Anne  Pigot 

Lewis  Pignol,  clerk 

Benjamin  Pike,  and  wife 

James  Pike 

John  Pilliger,  cooper 

Charles  Pine,  flocking- weaver 

Eleanor  Piper 

George  Piper,  tailor,  and  wrfe, 

John  Piper,  cooper 

Benjamin  Pkfiehl 

Anna  PlafF 

Jeremiah    Plan 

John  Plankinhom,  labourer 

Henry  Plates,  baker,  Germ. 

Jacob  Plucker  and  a] 

Barbara    I 

er-jn-Ia^ 

Sarah    Foliard 

Catharine  Poop,  Germ, 
y  Poor 

George  Pope 

arkenbine,    Eliza. 
her  daughter,  and  a  child 

Philip  Porr,  labourer 

Charles   Porter 

John  Porter's  fon  and  daugh- 
ter,  and  l\vo  fervant  girls 

Rich.   Porter,  tallow-chandler 

Thomas  Porter,  labourer 

Andrew  Pottenftein's    wife 

Mrs.    ■  Potter 

Edmond,  fon  of  Ldmond  Potter 

Mary   Potts 

Benjamin  Poultney,  merchant^ 
wife   and    daughter 

Elizabeth  Pouie 

Samuel  povxel,  fpeaker   of  the 
fenare,  : .1  d  fervant 

Francis  Powers,  labourer,  Ger. 

Ifaac   Powerfhon 

Mr.   Prifflet 

— —  Prajrers,  merchant 

Henry  Pratt,  wife,  and  chil3 

James  Pratt's  wife 

Mary  Piatt 


(  *s*  ) 


John    Freal 

Barbara  Prefton,   Germ. 

Wife  and  3  children  of  Wtn. 
Prefton,  bruih-maker 

John  Price 

Teney  Price 

Thomas  Price 

Robert  Prieitley,  wliitefmith 

Sufannah  Prince,    fyinfter 

Stephen  Prifling 

Ifabella  Provolt 

Jol'eph    Pruett,  tailor 

Thomas  Pugh 

Francis  Puglley 

John  Puracier 

Mary  Purde 

George  Pnrdy,  tailor 

Win.  Purvis's   wife 

Win.  Pufey's  daughter  Eliza. 

Qua,  a  negro 

Phillis  Ouando 

Catharine  Curigley 

James  Qjiigly,  carpenter,  and 
child 

John  Quilman,  fervnut 

Gafcoigne  Raby  and  wife 

Rachel,  a  black  girl 

Chriftian  Bach's  daughter 

Geo.  C.  Ilainholdt  &  daughter 

John  Rain's  child 

George  Rainsford 

Chriltopher  RakeltraW 

Sarah  Rakeftraw's  child 

Catharine  Ralph's  child 

William  RalHon,  merchant,  and 
fon  John 

Mr.  R.allton 

Thomas  Rambattt,  carpenter 

Child  of  Archibald  Randall, 
fhip-carpenter 

Thomas  Randall's  child 

John  Randolph,  tobacconift 

Ann  Rankin 

Elizabeth  Rankin 

John  Rankin 

Margaret  Rankin 

Hannah  Rapp 

Eliza  Rarich,\vidovr,and  daugh- 
ter Sarah 

Sarah  Razor,  JEt.  22 

John  Ratlcr,  porter 

Elizabeth  Rauch 


Jacob  llaralie,  Iabotn  er 

John  Reach's  widow 

John  Ready 

Michael  Ready 

Maria  Read 

John  Heap,   fhoemaker 

Jonathan  Rcas 

Jacob  Recklher,  labourer 

Sarah  Reddick 

Francis  Pvedman's  wife,  and  a 
lodger,  name  unknown 

Jacob  Reete,  jun. 

Mary  Reece 

John  Reedle,tailor,  and  daugh- 
ter Sarah 

Cafper  Reel,  baker 

Edward  Rees,  joiner 

Jacob  Rees's  wife,  daughter  & 
fon 

Mr.  RexTert's  child 

George  Reh 

Alexander  Reid 

Andrew  Reid,  bricklaver 

Ann  Reid 

George  Reid  and  wife 

Henry  Reid,  merchant 

James  Reid,  filk-dver 

James  Reid,  JEx.  75',  and  daugh- 
ter Sarah 

Margaret  Reid 

Mary  Reid 

Rebecca  Reid,  wjdovr 

Samuel  Reid's  wife 

William  Reid's  child 

John  Reidy's  child 

James  Reily,  fcrvant 

Maria  Reily 

George  Reign  er,  tobacconrft 

Widow  Reigner,  his  mother 

George  Reily 

John  Reinick,  brickmaker 

John  Reinick,  baker 

Lewis  Reifele,  butcher 

George  Refer 

Nancy  Reiter 

Jacob  Relchner 

John  Reller 

Joannes  Relwiez 

Alelae  Remer 

Anthony  Renard 

Jane  Renny 

Renvalt 

Widow  Refic 


(    '53    ) 


Chriftian  Reting's  child 

Chriftian  Rettig 

Ludwig  Reuth's  wife 

Adam  Revely 

George  Rex 

Chriftopher  Rexrold,   appven- 

tice 
James  Reynolds's  wife 
John  Reynolds 
Alary  Reynolds 
Jofeph  Ribaux's  child 
Catharine  Rice 
George  Rice's  child 

iohn  Rice,  labourer 
■awrence   Rice 
William  Rice 
Charlotte  Richards 
Daniel  Richards,  lumber-mer- 

chant 
Daniel  Richards's  fon 
Eliza  Richards 
John  Richards 

Mrs. Richards 

William  Richards,  butcher 

Samuel  Richards's  wife 

Steel  Richards,  fhoemaker 

Barbara  Richardfon,  houie-wife 

Barnabas  Richardfon 

Elizabeth  Richardfon 

George  Richardfbn's  wife 

John  Richardfon 

jofeph  Richardfon,  jun. 

Lucy  Richardfon 

Rebecca  Richardfon 

Thomas  Richardfon 

William  Richardfon's  child 

George  Richner,  tobacconilt 

Gotlieb  Richter,  labourer 

Jacob  Richter 

George  Riddle 

James  Riddle  and  wife 

John  Ridge,  jun. 

Mary  Ridge,  milliner 

John  Ridgway 

Frederic   Reib,  wheelwright 

John  Rieb 

Leonard  Riebfher's  child 

Cafper  Riehl,  labourer 

John  Riehl's  daughter 

George  Pufe's  child 

George  Riley,  baker 

Mary  Riley 

Jacob  Rilt,  fhoemaker 

John  Rilvit,  fawyer 


Frederic  Rine,  labouj£r 
James  Ringlund 
George    Rinhard 
Conrad  Rink,  fhoemaker 
Elizabeth    Riply 
Mary  Riply 

Alexander  Ritchie's  wife 
John  Ritchie 
Mary   Ritchie 

Mr. Rutter's  daughter 

John  Roach's  wife&  2  children 

Morris  Roach,  hoftler 

John  R.obeau 

Jacob  Roberdeau,  printer 

Robert  — — ,  a  failor 

Aaron  Roberts 

Aim  Roberts 

Charles  Roberts 

Mrs. Roberts,  houfe-wife 

Oliver  Roberts 

Rebecca  Roberts 

Robert  Roberts,  late  of  Merion. 

Thomas  Roberts,  labourer 

Thomas  Robert!,  filverfmith, 

William  Roberts 

Jofeph  Robertfon,  carpenter 

hxthia.,    daughter  of    Daniel 

Robins 
Snfannah  Robins 
Abraham  Robinfon 
James  Robinfon,  carpenter,  Ir. 
James  Robinfon's  child 
Jane  Robinfon,  widow 
John    Robinfon,  blackfmith 
John  C.  Robinfon's  fervant 
Jofeph   Robinfon 
judge  Robinfon's    young  man 
Mary  Robinfon 
Pvobert  Robinfon,  fhoemaker 
Sarah  Robinfon 
Thomas  Robinfon,  weaver 
W  illiam  Robinfon,  bricklayer 
■  Rochbaud,  Fr. 

Mary  Rock 
Jacob  Rodell 

Elizabeth  R.oderfield,  widow 
Philip  Pvoderfield 
Nicholas  Roderwalter's  daugh. 
Sarah    Rodman,    of  R.   Iiland 
Benjamin  Rogers's  child 
Gilbert  Rogers,  and  chili 
John   Rogers,  colder 
Margaret  Rogers 
Wife  of  the  rev.  Win,  Roger* 

X 


C    154   ) 


John   Rohv's  daughter 

John  Roman,  currier 

Elizabeth  Roney,  iervant 

Magdalen  Roone 

Sufannah  Roring 

Hugh   Rofs,  blackfmith,   wife, 

and  Ton 
John  Rols 

Win.    Rott,  fhoemaker 
Mary  Rotherwalier 
Jacob  Rix  Rott,  a  lad 
liofiua   Rott,  a  fervant 
Henry  Rouris's  daughter 
Elizabeth  Roufli 
James  Rowan,  ftore-keeper 
John  Rowe,  carpenter 
John  Rowe 
Barbara  Ruber 
Catharine  Ruckhard 
John  Rudolph 
John  Rugan's  daughter 
John   Rugers's 
Frederic  Ruhi's  fon 
George    Ruhi's   fon 
John  Ruleford,  labourer 
Jacob  Rump's  child 
Rofina  Runkel 
Leonard  Rum,  fhoe maker 
Mary    Rulh,  widow 
Wm.    Rum's  child 
Thomas  Ruflel,  failor 
Leonard  Ruff,  tailor 
Wm.  Rutherford 
Jacob  Rutter 
Margaret  Rutter 
Samuel  Rutter 's  2  children 
Lucy   Ryan 

Mr.  Ryan 

Saberne,  Fr. 

5  Sailors,  (names  unknown) 

Abraham  Salter 

Ifaac   Sannns 

Sampibn  ■,  a  negro  man 

Mary  Sampfon 

John    Sanders,  button  maker 

Sarah,   a  young  woman 

John.   Sattersfield's  wife 

Elizabeth  Saub 

Frederic  Sauber 

Saubier's  wife 

Robert  Saubiers,  hlackfmith 
Philip    Sanerman.  flioemaker, 

and  wife 


Jacob  Sawyer,    baker 

Wife  and  daughter  of  dr.  Ben- 
jamin Say 

Leonard  Sayer's  "wife 

Matthias  Saylor,  painter,  wife, 
and    filler 

John  Scantling,  porter 

Jonathan  Scantling 

Mary   Schaff . 

Adam    Schaffer,  labourer 

George    SchafFer,  cooper 

Jacob    Schaffer 

Widow   Scheiffells 

Chrii liana  Schieff's  girl 

George  Schmidt 

George   Schmidt's  child 

Henry  Schmidt,  and  wife 

John    Schmidt 

Margaret   Schmidt 

George  Schneider,  carpenter 

John   Schreier,  and  wife 

Frederic  Schreiner's  daughter 

John  Schi  eminger 

Ann  Schrider 

John  Schrieck 

John  Schrier,  fhoemaker,  and 
wife 

Martin  Schrier 

Thomas  Schriever,  blackfmitl* 

John  Schultz,  labourer 

John  Schwaab,   moemaker 

Lawrence  Schwaab,  fhoemaker 

Adam  Schwaadt 

Captain   Schwartz,  Denmark 

Elizabeth    Sclader 

Aaron  Scott 

Andrew  Scott 

Ann    Scott 

Benjamin  Scott 

Henry  Scott,  labourer,  &  wife 

John  Scott,  tailor,  and  wife 

Margaret    Scott 

Mary  Scott 

Scott,,  clerk 

jofeph    Scull 

Frederick  Seafbrd,  joiner 

Francis  Seamore 

C,hriito.  Search,  wheelwright 

Jacob  Sears,  blacklinith,  and 
child 

David  Seaven 

Martin  Seebole,  fchool-maftcr 


(   is;  ) 


Pauhis  Seegift,  weaver 

Henry  Seen's  child 

Jacob    Setter,  baker 

Jacob  Seiffer's    daughter 

—  Sein's    wife 

Michael  Seip,  tailor 

Widow  Seitz's  daughter 

James  Sekwire 

Jacob  Seller,  tailor,  and  wife 

Jofeph  Sellers,  watch-maker, 
Wm.&Sufanna,  Tons  &  daugh- 
ter of    Wm.   Sellers,  printer 

Wife  of  Henry  Sender,  flioe- 
maker 

Jona.  D.   Sergeant,  attorney 

■  Sergeois 

Francis  Set-res,  (lay- maker,  Fr. 

Wife  of  Benja.   Servant,  failor 

7   Servants,  (names  unknown) 

Ifabella    Service 

Ann  Sewell 

Catharine  Sexton 

Conrard  Seybert's  wife 

Chriftiana  Seyfert 

Elizabeth    Shabby,  widow 

Widow   Shaff's  child 

Adam   Shaffer,  porter 

Barny  Shaffer's  child 

Francis  Shaffner's  wife 

John  Shakefpeare 

Martha    Shakefpeare 

Stephen  Shakefpeare,  weaver 

Dorothy  Shall 

Bernard  Shamo's  wife 

Tames  Shankling 

Henry  Shara 

Anthony  Sharp,  tailor 

John  Sharp's  child 

John  Sharp,  and  daughter 

Nehemiah  Sharp,   tailor 

Mr. Shaeflocker 

Henry   Shaw,  and  wife 

Henry    Shaw   ware-houie  man 

Henry  Shawfter's  daughter 

Hen  rick  Shear,  tailor 

Elizabeth  Shearman 

John  Shearwood 

Daniel  Sheegan 

Henry  Sheerer 

Wm.  Sheets,  labourer 

Adam  Shellbecker,  fhoemaker 

Frederic  Sheller,  blackfimth 

J«cob  Sheniger 


George   Shepherd 
Jacob    Shepherd's  child 
Robert  Shepherd,  fhop-keeper 
Wilhelmina,  daughter  ofWm. 

Sheperd 
John   Sherb,  baker 
Elizabeth  Sherman 
Abraham  Sheridan's  child 
Wm.   Sheridan,  &  daughter 
John  Sherwood,  carpenter,  antl 

wife 
Sallows  Sheavell's  wife 
Juliana  Shewelly,  widows 
James  Shillingsford 
Richard   Shilly,   hatter 
Chriitian  Shemblers  wife 
Jacob  Shiney 
Margaret  Shingle 
Amos    Shingle  ton 
Bernard  Shiphar's  wife 
Wm.   Shipley,  grazier 
Rebecca  Shipping 
John   Shippey,  mufician,    and 

child 
Matthias  Shiliz's  filler 
Frederic  Shneider,  ftone- cutter 

and  fon 
Elizabeth  Shocker 
George  Shocker,  and  child 
Jacob   Shocker,  labourer 
Matthias  Shocker,  &  mother 
Amos   Shoemaker 
Jonathan  Shoemaker,  cabinet- 
maker 
Jofeph  Shoemaker 
Mary  Shoemaker 
Michael     Shoemaker,     livery* 

ftabler 
Samuel  Shoemaker,  jun.    car» 

penter,  from  Cbelthugham 
Henry    Sheffield 
Adam    Shordy 

Shore,  widow 

Chriflopher  Short 

Mrs. Short 

Matthew  Short's  child 

Henry  Sh reader 

Martin    Shriar 

John  Shriber,  butcher 

Thomas   Shriber 

Henry    Shrider,  baker  &  wife 

Jacob  Shrince;  combmak«r 


(     i5«    ) 


Chrifropher  Shriner,  tutor,  and 

wife  Elizabeth 
Jacob  Shriner, 
Jacob  Shriner,  Jan.   fkinner 
Nicholas  Shriner.   fkinner 
Philip  Shvite,  (locking-weaver 
Elizabeth  Shubart 
Jacob   Shubart,  blackfmith 
Jacob  Shubert,  labourer 
Michael  Shubart,  difliller,  fon, 

and  daughter 
Sarah  Shubart 
Widow  Shuber 
John   Shute;  baker 
George   Sibbald's  child 
Baptifte  Sicard 
Sarah   Sickel 
Cathariue  Sickfon 
Adam    Sifert 
Cafper  Silver, wheelwright,  and 

wife  N 

fofeph  Silves 

Mrs. Simmonds 

John  Simmonds's  child 

Wife  of  John  Simmonds,  tailor 

John  Sinxpfon 

Mary  Simpfon,  widow 

Samuel  Simpfon 

John  Sims 

Wood  drop  Sims,  merchant 

Elizabeth  Singer,  widow 

Thomas  Singleton's  child 

George  Sink's  child 

John  Siper 

Charles  Sitz  and  fervant  girl 

Elizabeth  Sitz 

Henry  Sketfbld,  apprentice 

Richard  Skelly 

Rachel  Skinner,  and  daughter 

Mary 
David  Slack 
Mifi  Slack 

William  Slade,  ftore-keeper 
Abraham  Slater,  currier,  Eng. 
Gotlieb  Slater's  child 
Henrietta  Slater 
MichaelSleefman's  fervant-man 
FVederick  Slicker 
Widow  Slint's  fon 
Andrew  Smith,  labourer 
Ann  Smith 
Barbara  Smith 


Benjamin  Smith,  merchant,  ef 

Burlington 
Catharine  Smith 
Charles  Smith's  child 
Conrad  Smith,  farmer,  Germ. 
Dr.  Smith's  wife 
Elizabeth  Smith 
George  Smith,  potter,  &  cbild 
Wife  of  Henry  Smith, carpenter 
Henry  Smith,  labourer,  &  wife 
James  L.  Smith,  factor  of  cftrdft 
James  Smith,  merchant 
James  Smith 
Jane  Smith  and  child 
Jefie  Smith  and  child 
John  Smith,  fen.  merchant,  his- 

fon  John,  &  daughter  Sarah 
John  Smith,  chair- maker 
John  Smith,  cabinet-maker 
John  Smith,  labourer,  and  child 
John  Smith,  fhoemaker 
Lewis  Smith 

Margaret  Smith,  houfe-wife 
Mary  Smith 

Matthew  Smith,  painter 
Nathan  Smith's  fon 
Rebecca  Smith 
Thomas  Smith,  commifiioner  of 

loans 
Thomas  Smith,  bricklayer,  hv 
Widow  Smith 
William  Smith 
Child  of  William  Smith,  fea- 

captain 
Charles  Smithfield,  tutor 
John  Smithfon,  Ir. 
George  Snellbecker 
James  Snouder 
Leonard  Snouder's  mother 
Anna  Maria  Snyder 
Anthony  Snyder  and  fon 
Charles  Snyder's  wife 
Chriftian  Snyder,  farmer 
Gulfer  Snyder 
Frederic    Snyder,    fergeant    at 

arms  to  the  fenate  of  Penn- 

fylvania,  and  his  fon  George 
George  Snyder,  baker 
Philip  Snyder,  coachmaker 
Henry  Soden 
Guftavus  Soderftvam.  fea-cap» 

tain 
Ann  Solander 


(    i-57    ) 


John  Sommervell,  weaver,  Ir. 
John  and  Ifabella  Scunmervell, 

children  of  John  Sommervell, 

cabinet-maker 
Elizabeth  Sooks 
Philip  Sorter 
Robert  Sorter 

Robert  Sowerbee,  balckfmith 
Philip  Sowerman  and  wife 
John  Spalder,  plaifterer 
Widow  Spatzen 
Townfend  Speakman,  apothe- 
cary- 
George  Speel's  daughter 
Henry  S peel,  baker,  wife,  fer- 

vant  man,  and  woman 
Widow  Speel 
Widow  Speers 
Eve  Spence,  fervant 
George  Spigle's  wife 
Charles  Spinley 
Sophia  Spitzburgh 
Sophia  Splitfpike 
Margaret  Spotts,  Germ. 
Rev.  James  Sproat,  D.  D. 
Major  Sproat  and  wife 
Nancy  Sproat 
York  Sprogel 
Andrew  Sprowl 
.Margaret  Sprowl 
Hefter  Squirnel,  JEt.  82 
Richard  Stack,  bricklayer 
Peter  Stack ard's  wife 
Benjamin  Stackhoufe 
Sufannah  Stackhoufe 
Thomas  Stackhoufe 
Hannah  Staggs 
Joanna,  wife  of  John  Stair 
John  Stall,  ftudent  of  medicine 
Jofeph  Stanbury's  fon 
William  Stancape 
Lucas  Stanch 

James  Stanford,  fhoemaker 
William  Stanker,  tailor 
Margaret,    wife  of    Laurence 

Stantz 
George  Star  and  child 
Rachel,    Lydia,    and     Sarah, 

daughters  of    James    Starr, 

fhoemaker 
William     Starkley,    labourer, 

wife,  and  child 
William  Starrac 


Frederic     William    Starrmas, 

merchant,  and  apprentice 
William  Statton,  hatter 
William  St.  Clair 
James  Steel 
John  Steel,  carpenter,  and  two 

children 
John  Steel,  tavemkeeper 
Steel,  cooper,  wife,  father,. 

and  daughter 
Mary  Steel 
Stephen  Steel's  child 
Widow  Steel's  daughter 
Wiiiiam  Steel,  fhoe maker 
Frederic  Steelman,  tailor,  and 

w  ife 
William  Stein,  clerk 
James  Stejner,  ftorekeeper 
Nicholas  Steiner,  labourer 
Cafper  Stein  mitz 
John  Steinmitz,    cooper,    and 

Mary,  hk  mother 
Peter  Stenhyfter,  laft- maker 
Andrew  Stenton,  a  child 
Daniel  Stephens,  fervant,  Ir. 
Fanny  Stephens 
John  Stephens,,  fadler 
Mrs.  Stephen*  and  daughter 
Aflifield  Stephenfon 
James  Stephenfon 
John  Stephenfon 
Mrs.  Stephenfon's  daughter 
Catharine    Stemkarl,   lervant, 

Germ . 
David  Stewart,  clerk 
James  Stewart 
John  Stewart's  daughter 
J'faac  Stewart 
Samuel  Stewart,  tailor 
William  Stewart,   bookbinder, 

Edinburgh 
Wife  of  Henry  Stiles,  merchant 
William  Stilts,  juii,  merchant 
Wiiiiam  Stiles,  fen  (lonecr.trer, 

wife,  and  fon  William,  Eng. 
Ifaac  Still,  tailor 
Mary  Still,  fervant 
John  Stillas,  watchmaker 
George  Stiller,  fhoemaker 
John  Stillie,  watchman 
John  Stillwaggoj),  halter 
Ifaac  Seine's  chihi 


(     i5*    ) 


Captain  Sting 
James  Stinton,  fervant 
Laurence  Stintz's  widow 
William  Stirrets,  black  fmith, 
George  Stocks,  hair-dreiltr  and 

child 
John  Stocks,  jun. 

—  Stocker's  child 

Ebeuezer.  Stokes,  fllver-fmith, 

E»g. 
Elizabeth  Stokes,  widow 
George  Stokes  and  wife 
James  Stokes's  Ion 
John  Stokes,  bottler 
Richard  Stokes's  child 
John  Stoltz,  baker 
William  Stone,  merchant 
Luke  Storcii 
Jonathan  Stormitz 
James  St  in  feu,  fervant,  Ir. 
ifcbenezer  Stotts,  apprentice 
Catharine  Stouble 
Peter  Stounhoufer,  fervant 
George  Stow,  turner 
Hannah  Stow 
John  Stow's  widow 
Peter  Stoy's  daughter 
John  Stranger 
Hannah  Stratton,  a  child 
John  Stratton,  labourer 
Peter  Strcecheifer 
James    Stretcher's    wife     and 

child 
John  Strieker,  clerk 

■  Stritten,  lace- weaver 
Paul  Stromfeltz,  mealman,  and 

wife,  Germ. 
Captain  Strong's  daughter 
Laetitia  Stroud's  child 
William  Stroud,  plaifterer 
Child  of  mr.  Stratton,  rigger 
Andrew  Stuart's  child 
Adam  Stnbert,  clerk 
George  Stnbert,  apprentice 
Heller  Stubert,  fpinfter 
Jacob  Stubert,  labourer 
Daniel  Stubbs,  carter 
Peter  Stuckard,  carpenter,  wife 

and  child 
William  Stutt,  cooper,  and  wife 
Martha  Stutzer 
Anthony  Snay 
Chriftian  Sulger,  baker 


David  Sullivan,  ftorekeept?r 

Laura  Sullivan 

Catharine  Summers 

Edward  Rummers 

Elizabeth  Summers 

■'  Su  miners,    a     young 

man,  from  Carolina    " 

Francis  Summers 

Peter  Summers,  wife  and  three 
children 

Jsc.  Sunnock,  labourer,  Genu. 

John  Sunnock,  trunk- maker 
and   apprentice 

Simon  Sunnock's  wife 

S'ufannah  Supple 

Charles  Surtz,  currier,  and 
child 

John   Sutherland,   merchant 

Emon  Sutt,  keeper  of  a  board- 
ing houfe 

Mary   Sutton 

Samuel  Swaine 

William  Swaine 

Mrs.  Swaine 

Laurence  S wall's  wife 

Jofeph  Swanfon's  wife 

John  Swanwick,  lb ip- carpenter 

Margaret  Swanwick 

Chrifliana  Swartz,  and  two  chil- 
dren 

George  Swartz,  carpenter 

Peter  Swartz's  fon 

Ann  Sweeny 

Edward  Sweeny,  labourer,  anil 
child,  Ir. 

John  Sweeny's  child 

Morgan  Su  eeny,wife,  and  child 

Jacob  Swin 

Mary  Swin 

Hugh  Swine  and  wife 

John  Swoope 

Penelope  Sword 

Edward  Swordan 

George  Sydes 

Elizabeth  Sykes 

Mary  Sykes,  /Et.  1 5 

John  Syler 

Cafper  SyMus,  wheelwright 

Widow  SyUius 

Charles  Syng,  weigh-mafte? 
and  wife 

Mr.  Tacker 

David  Tag^art,  carpenter 


C    'S9    ) 


Sarah  Taggart 
Thomas  Taggart 
William  Taiigart 
Elizabeth  Tannenberg,  fen, 
Elizabeth  Tannenberg,  jun. 
Sarah  Tarcen 

Robert  Tate,  merchant,  Scot. 
Jofeph  Tatem,   tailor 
Eleanor  Taye 
Hannah  Taye 
Abigail  Taylor,  widow 
Elizabeth  Taylor  and  child 
George  Taylor 
Ifaac   Taylor,    ironfeller,    wife 

and  lifter  Sarah 
Margaret  Taylor,  fervant 
Richard  Taylor's  child 
Robert  Taylor's  wife  and  child 
Robert  Taylor,  clerk 
Samuel  Taylor,    bruih-maker, 

and  his  daughter  Mary 
Temperance  Taylor 
Thomas  Taylor 
Thomas  Taylor's  child 
William  Taylor's  wife 

Teeny,  a  young  man 

JohnTeim,  hair-drefler 

A.  Teiffier 

William  Teirnan 

Andrew  Ten-Eyck 

Helen  Terence 

Henry  Tell,  hatter 

John  Teteres 

William  Tharp,  merchant 

John  Thatcher's  child 

Benjamin  Thaw,  jun. 

Maria  Thaw 

Enoch  Thomas,  bricklayer,  and 

three  children 
Hannah  Thomas 
James  Thomas,  fhip. carpenter 
John  Thomas,  tailor 
John  Thomas,  clerk 
Lewis  Thomas,  carter,  &  wife 
Margaret  Thomas 
Mary  Thomas 
Richard  Thomas,  brafs-founder 

and  wife 
Richard  Thomas,  labourer  and 

wife 
Robert  Thomas's  wife 
Zachariah,  Thomas 


Adam  ThompHm,  a  young  lad 

Elizabeth  Thorn pfon 

Jacob  Thompfon's  child 

John  Thompfon's  wife 

John  Thompfbn,  labourer 

Sarah  T-honrpfon 

Thomas  Thpmpfori's  daughter 

Jane,  and  fan  John 
Andrew  Thonifon,  blackfmith 
David  TWonrfori,  /hoc-maker 
Wife  of  James  Thomfon,   inn- 
keeper, at  the  Indian  Queen 
Margaret  Thomfon,    Ir. 
Mary    Thomion 
Peter  Thomfon,  fen.  fcrivener 
Zaccheus   Thorn,   hatter,  and 

wife 
Thomas  Thornellv,  |tm. 
Wife  of  John  Thonihill,  flioe- 

maker 
Jof.Thornhill,  houfe- carpenter 
Nicholas  Thornman's  child 
George  Thornton,  currier 
Mary  Thornton 
Jacob  Thumb,  plumber,and  Sn- 

iannah,  his  daughter 
John  Thumb's  child 
Jacob  Tice 
Paul  Tiggit-Z 
Jacob  Till 

Frederick  Tillman,  tailor 
Dean  Timmons,  tavern-keeper 
William  Timmons,   apprentice 
Timothy,  a  black  man 
Richard  Tinker,  drayman 
Richard  Tittermary's  wife 
Jacob  Titty 
Elizabeth  Titwood 
Peter  Tobo 
Jacob  Tobyn's  wife 
John  Todd,   fen.  teacher,  and 

wife 
John   Todd,    jun.  attorney  at 

law 
George  Togle,  fhoemaker 
Ann  Tollman 
Tom,  a  negro 

Jacob  Tomkitrs,  jun.  merchant 
Bartholomew  Tool,  ftorekeeper 
Charlotte  Tool 
Thomas  ToplifF,  grocer 
—~—  Tourette,  r'j  ar.ee 


(  Ife  ) 


term  Towtt 

Mary  Town 

Richard  Town 

Henry  Tosvnfend,  a  child 

Thomas  Townfend,  Mt.  69 

Peter  Trabar 

Nancy  Tracy 

Nelly  Trades 

Walter  Traqaair,  ftoixsc  utter 

Elizabeth  Traveller 

Henry  Traveller,  blackfmith 

Frederick  Traven,  labourer 

Elizabeth  Eraverfe 

Martha  TieJs 

Michael  Trinker's  man-fervant 

Fred.  Trott's  daughter  Mary 

Daniel  Trotter's  child 

William  Trotter's  wife 

Wm.Truckenniilier,tobacconi(t 

Richard  Trufs,  joiner 

Ann  Trulter 

Ftichard  Trufter 

Jacob  Tryon,  tinman 

Arabella  Tudor 

Major  Tudor 's  two  daughters 

Sarah  Tureau 

Mary  Turner 

Peter  Turner 

William  Turner,  baker 

Anthony  Turret 

Elizabeth  Tyfon 

William  Ubert 

Jacob  Udree,  tavern-keeper 

Chriftian  Uhler 

Jacob  Ultree,  merchant 

Henry  Unis 

Peter  Uttenberger 

George  Utts,  labourer,  Sz  wife 

Uvis 

Child   of     William   Valentine 
Matthew   Vandegrift 
Tohn  Vanderflvce's  boy 
Ferdinand  Vandigla,  lhoemaker 
John  Vandufer,  blackfmith,  & 

child 
Adam  Vanhorne,  tailor 
Jcrem:.  Van  home,  board-mer- 

chant 
Mr.  ■■■■     Vanier's  child 

Hannah  Vanludner 
Sarah   Vanfe 

Wm.  Vannemond*s    child 
Mr.  —~ —  Vanfirkle 


James  Vamixem's  child 

Captain  Van  Voorhis's  child 

Andrew  Vanweller's  wife 

John   Vanummell 

Adam  Vals's  two  children 

Elizabeth  Vafs 

Captain  John  Vehall 

Jai  -  Vent 

Conrad  Verglafs,  tailor 

John   B.  Vernies 

Mary  Veflie 

Laurence   Vefl's  wife 

John  Vettar 

Peter  Vickar 

Elizabeth  Vickerly 

Lxtitia  Vickey,  mantua-maker 

Phi.  Vid fell,  band  box- maker, 

and  wife 
Charlotte  Viempft 
Matthew  Viempit 
Henry  Vierheller,  fawyerand 

child 

Mrs. Villet 

Chriftian   Villiporey's  fon 
Jacob  Vinckler's  wire 
Violet,  a  black  girl 
Frederick     Vogel's    wife   and 

daughter 
Gotlieb   Vogel's  daughter 
Jacob  Volker 
Catharine  Vonweiller 
Elizabeth  Wack 
Godfrey  Wackfel 
G.  Wacbfnmth's  maid 
James  Waddle 
Thomas  Wade 
Catharine  Wadman 
William  Wager 
Ann   Wagner 

Chriflopher  Wagner,  tailor 
John   Wagner 
Widow    Wagner 
Peter  Wagner's  wife,  &  filter 
Abraham  Walders,  gnnfmith, 

and   child 
Andrew  Waldrick's    child 
John   Wales,  and  wife 
Andrew  Walker's  (on 
Alexander  Walker,  and  Ton 
Edward   Walker,  merchant,  of 

Birmingham 
Emanuel  Walker,     merchant, 

wife,  and  f©n  John 


(   *6;   )' 


Raines  Walker,  a  child 
Matthew  Walker,  clerk 
Ralph  Walker's  wife 
Richard  Walker,  labourer 
Robert  Walker 
Samuel  Walker's  wife  Eliza. 
William  Walker  , 

William   Wall,  fervant 
Robert  Wallace,  jim. 
John  Waliis,  hatter 
Rebecca  Wajlis 
Richard  Wain's  child 
Aaron  Walton 
Abraham  Walton,  blackfmith 
Captain   Walters  and  daughter 
Catharine  Walters,  and   child 
Charles  Walters,  labourer 
George  Walters,  wife  &  daugh. 
Jacob  Walters,  a  child 
Jacob  Walters's  wife 
Jeremiah   Walters,  mafon 
Peter  Walters,  fhoemaker 
Mavy   Walton 


James  Watkins,  joiner 

Benjamin  Watlbn 

Wife,  and  child,  of  Charles  C. 

Watfon,   tailor 
Elizabeth  Watfon 
Mary  Watfon 
Robert  Watfon,  labourer,  and 

fon 
Wife  of  Samuel  Watfon's  cop- 

perfmith 
Thomas  Waiter's  daughter 
Ignatius  Watteman's  wife 
John  Watters's  child 
Wife  of  Nathan  Watters,  hatter 
Beulah  Watters 
Margaret  Watts 
James  Watts 
Henry  Way  land,  weaves 
Jane  Wayland 
Henry  Wealler 
Samuel  Weatherby,  corder,  & 

wife 
Thomas  Weatherby  -\ 


Samuel  Walton's  daugh.  Sarah    Samuel  Weatherby  ^   fons  of 


Poblick  Calvert  Wanelcan 
George  War's  fon 
Valentine  War,  chair-maker 
Jeremiah    Ward 
Benjamin  Ware,  turner 
Win.   Waring,  mathematician 
John  Warmington 
Teny  Warn 

Alice,  wife  of  Swen  Warner 
Ephraim    Warner,  apprentice 
Ilezekiah  Warner 
Jane  Warner,  widow 
John  Warner,  clerk 
.Alary  Warner 
Magdalene  Warner 
Wm.   Warnick'i.  wife  &  child 
Win.  Warnick,  jun. 
John  Warren 

ifaac  Warren,    fawyer,    wife, 
and  fon 

Wm .  Warren,  blackfmith,  and 
child 

Wm.  Warren,  failor 

Michael  Wart  man 

Warner  Washington,   ftudenf 
of  medicine 

Chriftopher   Waffbm,    watch- 
man, and  child  Elizabeth 

".Vidnw  WafTo^'s  daughter 


Y 


Jofeph    Weatherby  f     ditw> 
Benja.     Weatherby  3 
Adam  Weaver,  brick-maker 
Andrew  Weaver,  tailor 
George  Weaver,  and  daughter 
Jacob  Weaver,  and  2    children 
Wife  of  John  Weaver,  painter 
Nathaniel  Weaver 
Widow  Weaver,  and  child 
Eleanor  Webb 
Elizabeth  Webb,  widow 
Simon  Webb,  whitefmith, 
Solomon    Wrebb 
Pelatiah  Webfter's    wife 
Elijah  Weed,    and  daughter 
Edward  Weir,  book-binder 
Charles  Weifs 
George  Weifs,   tailor 
Levis  Weifs's  foti 
John  Weifman,  blackfmith 
J.  Weiflman,  chocolate -maker 
Philip  Weifiinan,  ditto 
Catharine  Weinman 
John  Wells,  and  wife 
Henry  Welch's  child 
James  Welch,  fervant 
John  Welch's  child 
Mary  Weifh 
Michael  WeUk,  labourer 


C    162   ) 


Miles  Welfh's  daughter 

Peter  Welfli 

Richard  Welfli 

Samuel  Welfh 

Thomas  Wellh,  tailor,  wife  and 

child 
Thomas  Welfh 
George 'Weil,  houfe-  carpenter 
John  Well,  chair- maker 
John  Weft,  apprentice 
Lydia  Welt 
Margaret  Weft 
William  Weft,  bookbinder 
William  Weft's  wife  and  fon 
Henry- Weftler,  hair-drefler, 

and  two  children 
Adam  Wetherftein,  butcher 
John  Wetherftein,  fkin-drefler 
George  Wey  bel,baker ,  and  wife 
George  Weyman  and  child 
Aaron  Wharton, t.allowchandler 
John  Wharton 
Mary  Wharton 

peregrine  Wharton,h  .carpenter 
Nathan  Wheeler  and  wife 
Elizabeth  Wheil 
Robert  Wily 
Edward  White,  labourer 
Hugh  White 

Jacob  White,  apprentice 
James  White 
James  White's  wife 
John  White 
Maria  White 
Martha  Whiue 
Matthew  White 
Solomon  White's  daughter 
Charles  Whitehead's  child 
James  Whitehall's  wife  Mary 
Jofeph  Whitehead,  clerk,  and 

child,  Eng. 
Dani»l  Whitely's  child 
Cafpar  Whiteman 
Catharine  Whiteman 
Jane  Whiteoak,  /Et.  6c 
Hannah  Whitefides 
Wm.  Whitefides,  tea-merchant 
John  Whitman 
Laurence  Whitman's  child 
George  Wibble,bakei-,  and  wife 
Jacob  Wickers,  ferryman 
Abigail  Wickham's  child 


Jeremiah.  Wiefer,  drayman 
Michael  Widner,  tailor 
George  Wier 
John  Wigden,  fchool-mafter, 

wife  and  child 
Samuel  Wigford,  hatter 
Ann  Wio;ht 
William  Wild 
Abel  Wiley's  wife 
John  Wiley,  fhoemaker,&  fitter 
Ann  Wiley 
John  Wilkins 
Mary  Wilkins 
James  Wilkinfon,  Ir. 
Roderick  Wilkinfon 
Catharine  Will,  fervant 
Charles  Williams,  grazier 
Elizabeth  Williams 
James  Williams,  tailor 
John  Williams  and  wife 
John  Williams's  child 
John  Williams,  coachman 
Mary,  widow  of  Jof.  Williams 
Thomas  Williams,  mariner 
Widow  Williams 
Jeremiah  William  fon,  failor 
Margaret  Wutiamfou 
Violet  Williamfon 
Mary  Willing 
Hugh  Wills 
Ann  Wilfon 
Charles  Wiifcn,  clerk 
Elizabeth  Wilfon 
James  Wilfon,  ferryman 
James  Wilfon 
Jenny  Wilfon 
John  Wilfon,  h.  carpenter 
John  Wilfon,  failor 
John  Wilfon,  wheelwright 
John  Wilfon,  bricklayer 
Capt.  John  Wilfon 
Jofeph  Wilfon's  child 
M'Calla  Wilfon 
Mrs.  Wilfon,  fchcol-miftrefs- 
Richard  Wilfon,  ftioeroaker 
Roderic  Wilfon.  failor 
Wife  of  Wm.  Wilfon,  ftationcr 
William  Wilfon's  child 
William  Wilfon,  iailor 
Dorothy  Wiltberger 
Wife  and  child  of  Alexander 

Wind  fey,  failor 


(    »«3    ) 


Rev.  John  Winkhaufe  &  child 

JohuLudw  ig  Winkler,  labourer 

Mary  Winkler 

Whine,  coacbmaker 

Child  of  Jac.  \Vi:inemore,grocer 

Frederick  Winter,  failor 

Wife  of  Jacob  Winter,  fliip- 
carpe  nrer 

Margaret  Winter 

Alexander  Wintlvrop's  wife 

Daniel  Wife,  tailor 

Hannah,  wife  of" Thos.  Wife 

Widow  Wifeman 

Benjamin  Wiftar 

John  Witman 

Feter  Wittefs's  fon 

'Chriftopher  Woelpcrt's  daugh- 
ter 

Elizabeth  Wolf,  widow 

Mary  Wolf 

Elizabeth  Wollard,  fervant 

Andrew  Wood,  currier 

Catharine  Wood 

Cornelius  Wood's  wife 

Elizabeth  Wood 

Francis  Wood's  child 

G.   Wood's  daughter   Rebecca 

John  Wood,  watch-maker 

John   Wood,  coach- man 

{ona.  Wood,  carter,   and  wife 

Ifaac  Wood's  .child 

Leighton  Wood's  wife 

Mary  Wood 

Thomas  Wood,  (hoemaker 

William    Wood 

Washington,  fon    of    William 
Woodhoufe,   printer 

Jofeph  Woodman 

Margaret   Woodward 

Chriltian   Wool,  tailor 

James  Worftall,   (lore- keeper 

Hannah   Wrap 

Jacob  Wright,    chairmaker 

Jan«  Wright 

Jofeph  Wright,    painter,    and 
wife 

Mary   Ann  Wright 

-Snfannah  Wright 


Richard  Wright's    daughter 

Catharine  Wrightncr 

Sarah  Wrinkle 

Henry  Wurftler,  hair-dreder, 
and   child 

Widow  Wurdler  and  child 

Widow  Wyand's  child 

Child  of  V/m.  Wyar,  labourer 

George    Wyner,      fhcemaker, 
and  two   children 

Thomas  Wyner 

William  Wynn 

John  Yates,  fervant 

Mary  Yates,  widow 

Catharine  Yeiger 

Margaret  Yeoman 

George  Yopes,  apprentice 

Michael  Yopes,  ditto 

Nellj  Yorks 

Phebe  York 

John  Youch,  grocer 

Catharine  Young 

Elizabeth  You  no; 

George  Young's  daughter 
Jacob  Young's  fon 

Daughter  and  fon-in-law  of  Ja- 
cob Young,  tailor 
Jacob  Young,  moemaker 
James  Young  and  apprentice 
Margaret  Your.g 

Mary  Young 

Michael  Young  and  wife 

Nich.  Young,  labourer,  k  wife 

Plumber  Young 

Agnes,  wife  of  William  Young, 

printer 
William  Young,  apprentice 

Chrillopher  Ycult's  wife 
Rebecca  Youft 

Andrew  Yfenhood's  2  children 
Jane  Zagey 
Win.    Zane's  wife 
Mary  Zentier 

John  George  Zeyflnger,  prin- 
ter 
Wm.  Zill 
Tobias  Zink's   wift- 
Philip  Zw oiler 


(    ««4    ) 

CONTENTS. 

Chap.  I.  State  of  Philadelphia  previous  to  the  appearance 
of  the  malignant  fever — with  a  few  obfervations  on 
ibme  of  the  probable  confequenccs  of  that  calamity,         9 

Chap.  II.  Symptoms,  A  flight  (ketch  of  the  mode  of  treat- 
ment. ...  .  J  j 

Chap.  111.  Firft  alarm  in  Philadelphia.  Flight  of  the 
citizens.  Guardians  of  the  poor  borne  down  with  labour,  xi 

Chap.  IV.  General  deipondency.  Deplorable  fcernes. 
Frightful  view  of  human  nature.  A  noble  and  exhila- 
rating  contrail,         -  -  -  21 

Chap.  V.  Diftrefs  increafes.  Benevolent  citizens  invited 
to  afiift  the  guardians  of  the  poor.  Ten  volunteers.  Ap- 
pointment of  the  committee  lor  relief  of  the  lick.  State 
of  Philadelphia,  -  -  28 

Chap.  VI.  Magnanimous  offer.  Wretched  ftate  of  Bufh- 
hill.  Order  introduced   there.  31 

Chap.  VII.  Proceedings  of  the  committee.  Loans  from 
the  bank  of  North  America.  Eftabliihment  of  an  or- 
phan houfe.  Relief  of  the  poor.  Appointment  of  the 
Afliltant  committee.  -  -  35 

Chap.  VIII.  Repeated  addrefles  from  the  committee  en 
the  purification  of  houfes-—Afli(tant  committee  under- 
take to  infpect  infected  houfes  perfonally — Extinction 
of  the  diforder — Governor's  proclamation — Addrefs  of 
the  clergy.  A  new  and  happy  date  of  affairs,  3^ 

Chap.  IX.  Extravagant  letters  from  Philadelphia.  Credulity 
put  to  the  teft.  -  -  -AS 

Chap.  X.  Proceedings  at  Cheftertown.  At  New  York.  At 
Trenton.  At  Lamberton,  -  -  47 

Chap.  XI.  Proceedings  at  Havre  de  Grace.  At  Hagerf- 
town.  At  Alexandria.  At  Winchester.  At  Bolton*  At 
Newburyport.  In  Rhode  Ifland.  AtNewbern.  At  Charles- 
ton. In  Georgia.---Fafting  and  prayer,  5* 

Chap.  XII.  Conflict  between  the  law  of  felf-prefervation 
and  the  law  of  charity.  The  law  of  charity  victorious,     ji 

Chap.  XIII.  Diforder  fatal  to  the  doctors.  To  the  clergy, 
.  To  filles  de  joie.  To  maid  fei'vants.  To  the  poor  ;  and  in 
clofe  itreets.  Lefs  deftrucftive  to  the  French  ;  and  to  the 
i*egroes,  -  -  -  -  6* 

Chr.p.  XIV.  State  of  the  weather.  Attempt  to  refute  the 
opinion  that  cold  and  rain  extimxuifbed  the  diforder.       64 

Chap.  XV.    Origin  of  the  diforder.  6  J 

Chap.  XVI.  Defultory  facts  and  reflexions.  A  collection 
of  fcraps.  -  « 

Chap.  XVU.  Another  collection  of  fcrap*.  Sj 

Account  of  the  plague  in  London  -  -  o^ 

Account  of  the  plague  in  J.larfeilles  -  106 

Lift  of  burials         -  -  -  -  -         jl, 

Meteorological  obfervations  -  -  -        -     11S 

Lift  of  the  names  of  the  djeatl  ...  iqj 


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